Kazuhiro Yamamoto Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) the University of Tokyo
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Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR)the University of Tokyo
KAGRA face to face meeting Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan14 February 2014
Cryo-payloadSuspension structure
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Contribution
R. Takahashi, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sakakibara, C. Tokoku, M. Kamiizumi, U. Iwasaki, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R. Kumar,
T. Uchiyama, S. Miyoki, M. Ohashi, K. Kuroda, T. AkutsuA, H. IshizakiA, F. E. Peña ArellanoA, T. SuzukiB, N. KimuraB, S. KoikeB, T. KumeB,
K. TsubonoC, Y. AsoC, T. UshibaC, K. ShibataC, D. ChenD, N. OhmaeE, K. SomiyaF, R. DeSalvoG, E. MajoranaH, L. NaticchioniH, W. JohnsonI,
A. CummingJ, R. DouglasJ, K. HaughianJ, I. MartinJ, P. MurrayJ, G. HammondJ, S. RowanJ , G. HofmannK, C. SchwarzK, D. HeinertK,
R. NawrodtK, S. GotoL, M. TanakaL, S. IokaM, K. NakamotoM, H. NezukaM, KAGRA collaboration
ICRR.UT, NAOJA, KEKB, Phys.S.UTC, Astro.S.UTD, E.UTE,S.TITF, Sannio Univ.G, INFNH, Louisiana State Univ.I , University of GlasgowJ,
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet JenaK, Jecc TorishaL, Toshiba Keihin Product OperationsM, KAGRA collaboration
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0. Abstract
Although there are many topics, here,I will explain
(1)Schedule(2)Overall design(3)Monolithic sapphire suspension(4)Heat links
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Contents1.Introduction2.Schedule3.Overall design4.Sapphire suspension5.Heat links6.ELiTES activity7.Summary
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1. Introduction
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3km3km
MozumiY-end Sakonishi
X-end
AtotsuCenter
Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat, Cryogenic payload
Schematic view of KAGRA interferometerFour mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled.
Kamioka mine (Underground site)
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Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
1. Introduction
14 m
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Cryogenic mirror
Cryostat
Vibration Isolation
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
1. Introduction
14 m
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to SAS
View ports
Remote valve unit
4 Low vibration cryocooler unit
Main LASER beam
Cryostat Stainless steel t20mm Diameter 2.6m Height ~3.6m M ~ 10 ton
Cryo-coolers Pulse tube, 60Hz 0.9 W at 4K (2nd) 36 W at 50K (1st)
Outline of cryostatCryogenic
payload
Mirror
1. Introduction
S. Koike
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Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
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Pulse tube cryocoolers
Pulse tube cryocoolers
Pulse tube cryocoolers
Heat link (pure Al)
Sapphire mirror (About 20K)
Heat link (pure Al)
Sapphire fiber
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1. Introduction Schematic view of cryogenic payload
http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=2106
Platform
Intermediate Recoil Mass
Recoil Mass
Intermediate Mass
Test Mass (sapphire mirror)
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Design is in progress.Details should be changed.
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1. Introduction Outline of cryogenic payload
http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=2106
Intermediate Mass
Intermediate Recoil Mass
Recoil MassTest Mass (sapphire mirror)
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1. Introduction Outline of cryogenic payload in radiation shield
http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=2106
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1. Introduction “Sapphire monolithic suspension”
One of the most importantparts of KAGRA : Main sapphire mirrorsare included.
All parts are made from sapphire.Details should be changed.
Mirror
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2. Schedule
End of 2017 : Cryogenic interferometer operationThis is the significant milestone of KAGRA.
Delivery of cryogenic payloadBy March 2015, One payloadBy March 2016, Three payloads
“Official plan”
For sapphire monolithic suspension, so aggressive !
The suspensions will be improved step by step.Initial phase suspension before final phase one is necessary.
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2. Schedule “Initial phase” Larger thermal noise but more feasible First cryogenic payload (2015) is a “Initial phase”.
R&D for final phase should be in progress at the same time. Otherwise, thermal noise can not be reduced. We must do our best for three payloads as final phase (2016).
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2. Schedule
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Although thermal noise is large, it should be cooled (heat load test is necessary).
It should be as simple as possible (budget and human resources).
It can be replaced by final phase sapphire monolithic suspension later.
“Initial phase”
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2. Schedule
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(1)No bonding, but screws, indium, cradle(2)Thick tungsten wires (they transfer heat)
There are some ideas for “Initial phase”
Indium
R&D for these plans must be finished and we select an idea by May 2014.
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3. Overall design
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Not sapphire suspension, but cryogenic payload in total
Takanori Sekiguchi and Eiichi Hirose visited Stanford (December 2013) to discuss overall design with control system.
Design and discussion are in progress.
Preliminary design documenthttp://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=2106
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3. Overall design
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E. Hirose organizes team to design the first cryogenic payload (Member : E. Hirose, T. Sekiguchi, R.Takahashi, R. Kumar). Dead line is June 2014. Short meeting every morning
Some figures in 1. Introduction are brought by this team.
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4. Sapphire suspension
20202020
Sapphire monolithic suspension
R&D for components are in progress.
There are a lot of items.Here,(1)Sapphire fiber(2)Sapphire blade spring(3)Sapphire bondingare introduced.
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Test sample (T. Uchiyama)
Sapphire fibers with nail heads are necessary to suspend mirrors.
4. Sapphire suspension
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MolTech GmbH (Germany) and IMPEX HighTech GmbH (Germany) have already delivered !
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
4. Sapphire suspension
MolTech GmbH
IMPEX HighTech GmbH
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Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Quality check under collaboration with ET (ELiTES) Q-value Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo Thermal conductivity Measurement in Jena, Rome and Tokyo Strength Measurement in Glasgow
4. Sapphire suspension
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Latest summary of Q and thermal conductivity
Moltech IMPEX KAGRA requirement
Q-value 107 1*106 5*106
at 20K -6*106
Thermal Conductivity 3000 5000 5000at 20K [W/m/K] -6000
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
IMPEX fibers satisfy the KAGRA requirement.
4. Sapphire suspension
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Q of IMPEX fiber (D. Chen)
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
4. Sapphire suspension
Requirement : 5*106
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
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Thermal conductivity of IMPEX fiber
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
4. Sapphire suspension
arXiv: 1401.2346
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Paper about thermal conductivity measurement was submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravity.
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
arXiv: 1401.2346
4. Sapphire suspension
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Strength test in Glasgow Fiber suspended weight. Moreover, weight was swung or pulled.
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
15kg test hang
Broken jointed end
Broken jointed end
4. Sapphire suspension
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Strength test in Glasgow Fiber suspend weight. Moreover, weight was swung or pulled.G. Hammond reported in ELiTES meeting (December 2013).https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
Safety factor derived from measurement : 3 - 16
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Broken jointed end
4. Sapphire suspension
E. Majorana will visit Glasgow in this month and try strength test.
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Although we investigated fibers with round nail heads …Flat surfaces are necessary for bonding.New fibers with square nail head (IMPEX) is coming soon (end of February) !
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Our plan for these fibers Surface flatness check (less than /10 (=630nm)) Measurement of thermal conductivity and Q
4. Sapphire suspension
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Sapphire fibers are thick (1.6 mm in diameter) for heat transfer.Stretch by sapphire mirror weight (23kg) : 21 m
If difference between length of 4 fibers are larger than 21 m, there is no tension in one fiber !
Blade spring is necessary.
Sapphire blade spring
4. Sapphire suspension
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Sapphire blade spring (design is in progress)
4. Sapphire suspension
Vertical resonant frequency : 17.4 Hz
Max. stress : 159 MPa
Bending breaking stress :300 MPa
(G. Hammond reported in ELiTES meeting
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7)
R. Kumar 46 mm
90 mm
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Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirrorHydroxide Catalysis Bonding (AdLIGO and Virgo)
If fibers are broken, bonding parts must be taken apart …Candidates : Indium, Optical contact, Screws
Test (in progress or near future plan) Strength test (tensile and shear) : KEK Thermal resistance : ICRR Mechanical dissipation : Jena and Glasgow (ELiTES)
4. Sapphire suspension
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Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirrorHydroxide Catalysis Bonding
4. Sapphire suspension
Si
Si Si Si O
O O O
OH OH OH OH
Bulk Silica
Bonding solution with lots of free OH - ions
OH - ions from the bonding s olution fill any open bonds on the surface
OH - ions form weak bonds with surface Si atoms
Bonds be tween the Si atoms and the bulk weaken due to the extra OH - ions bonding to the Si atom
Si
Si Si O
O O O
OH
Bulk Silica
Bonding solution with lots of free OH - ions
OH OH
OH
Si(OH) 5 -
Silicate molecule breaking away from the bulk and into the bonding solution
SiO2 SiO2
Bond
OH
H
Si
i
OH
H
OH
H
H2O
OH H O Si
OH
OH
H
Si
OH
OH
H2O
OH H O Si
OH
OH
H2O
OH H O
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).
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Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirror Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding (Rebecca Douglas[Glasgow], GWADW2013). Strength (about 60 MPa) measured by her is 10 times larger than those of previous papers. T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309. A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010.
Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian stayed in Japan in the last autumn. Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013). https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
4. Sapphire suspension
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Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian HCB Shear strength test (Strength vs crystal direction)
Preliminary
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
4. Sapphire suspension
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Next HCB shear strength test is in progress.
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
4. Sapphire suspension
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IndiumIf fibers are broken, bonding parts must be taken apart …
Indium is one of candidates.
Hot welding Foil or evaporation (thickness: <20 m) are prepared and heat is applied.
When bonding parts are taken apart, heat and acid are applied.
4. Sapphire suspension
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We are preparing sample (KEK) …
4. Sapphire suspension
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We are preparing sample (KEK) …
4. Sapphire suspension
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We are preparing sample (KEK) …
4. Sapphire suspension
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We are preparing sample (KEK) …
4. Sapphire suspension
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We are preparing sample (KEK) …
4. Sapphire suspension
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R&D for integration of components
One fiber prototype
Full prototype
4. Sapphire suspension
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Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
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Pulse tube cryocoolers
Pulse tube cryocoolers
Heat link (pure Al)Heat link (pure Al)
5. Heat links
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5. Heat links
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Heat links must be thick and short as heat path. However they must be thin and long as vibration path !
Dan Chen reports vibration via heat link in the next talk.
Yusuke Sakakibara explains initial cooling time of cryogenic payload at the first talk in this afternoon.
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6. ELiTES activities
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ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope Exchange of Scientists Grant for collaboration about cryogenic between KAGRA and ET European 7th Framework Programme Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016)
European people can visit Japan for KAGRA.
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6. ELiTES activities
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A total of 25 visitors supported by ELiTES in 2013 Note : Short stay for meeting is not counted.
Germany (A total of 8 persons) Jena (A total of 6 persons), Hannover (2 persons)Netherlands NIKHEF (2 persons)United Kingdom Glasgow (3 persons)Italy (A total of 12 persons) Rome (3 persons), Sannio (A total of 9 persons)
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6. ELiTES activities
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ELiTES in 2014 has already started !
Ettore Majorana (Rome) : Last week ! Discussion for cryogenic payload and vibration isolation
Ronny Nawrodt and Stefanie Kroker (Jena) arrived this morning ! Cryogenic experiment
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7. SummarySchedule Schedule is quite aggressive. We need initial phase suspension. Later it will be replaeced by final phase one. Design of initial phase suspension should be finished by next May.Overall design Discussion with Stanford Small team for design (short meeting every morning) Preliminary design documenthttp://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=2106
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7. SummarySapphire suspension Research and development for components (quality checks of fibers, design of blade spring, test for many kinds of bonding) are finished or in progress. New fibers with square nail heads will be delivered at the end of February.Heat link Dan Chen (vibration) and Yusuke Sakakibara (initial cooling time) report later. ELiTES A total of 25 visitors in 2013. So far, 3 visitors in 2014.
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Thank you for your attention !
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Some items for future research (not perfect list)
(a)Investigation material properties (Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.) of coating, fiber and so on.(b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp(c)Control and damping scheme Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature(d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload(e) Vertical spring in cryostat(f) Reduction of initial cooling time Thermal resistance of clamp .... (g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield(h) Assembly procedure
7. For future
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8. SummaryCryostat : Assembly is in progress. Cooling test is coming soon.Cryogenic duct : Optimum position of 5 buffles Future work : scattered lightCryocooler unit : Cooling test and vibration measurement : OKCryogenic payload Preparation for 1/4 cryostat to check payload performance is in progress. Current main R&D topics Inital cooling time, Sapphire fiber with nail head, Coating mechanical loss, Vibration of shield
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2. Issues
(1)How to assemble Details of construction, clean room ….
(2)Strength Tensile strength, development of clamp, sapphire bonding …
(3)Control and damping system to reduce fluctuation and instability Actuators (what and where), resonant mode (frequency and Q) and so on
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2. Issues
(4)Cooling
Temperature of mirror (below 20 K), initial cooling time, heat resistance of clamp …
(5)Noise
Thermal noise, vibration via vibration isolation system and heat links …
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After Yusuke left …. Clamp for IMPEX fibers in Jena
4. Sapphire fibers
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Profile measurement in Glasgow
4. Sapphire fibers
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Q measurement in Jena
5. Sapphire suspensionSapphire fibers with nail heads
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Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
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2 Pulse tube cryocoolers
2 Pulse tube cryocoolers
Pulse tube cryocoolers
Baffles Cryoduct
Outer shield(80K)
Inner shield(8K)
Vacuum chamber
(300K)