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Kathleen Hannan Biol402 http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/one-million-children-die-diarrhea-unsafe-drinking-water-no-handwashing-to-blame.php

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What are diarrheal diseases? Causes & transmission Worldwide impact Rotavirus Biology and how it makes you sick Solutions ORT Vaccines

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What are diarrheal diseases? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bookres.fcgi/dcp2/ch19.pdf

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Acute watery diarrhea Persistent diarrhea Bloody diarrhea http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=dcp2&part=A2526

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Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Helminths (intestinal parasite) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1003.htm

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Fecal-oral transmission Among bacteria survival in stomach http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_02/shigella.shtml

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Rotavirus Salmonella Shigellae Campylobacter jejuni Vibrio Cholerae Escherichia coli Giardia Entamoeba http://dcc2.bumc.bu.edu/IH887/presentatons99/Diarrh/prevention_and_control_of_diarrh.htm http://www.skyhighway.com/~multispecies/about.html

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Kills ~1.7 million children annually Malnutrition 4,500 deaths every single day http://www.isaartrust.com/

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http://www.jci.org/articles/view/34005/files/JCI0834005.f1/medium

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A closer look at rotavirus

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http://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=9&sid=77f6bf31-d409-4038-ba94- 0753e4b88e39%40sessionmgr10

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http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=MiamiC aptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6VNM-46R67HV- 7&_image=fig1&_ba=1&_user=130907&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F2002&_r doc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6182&_issn=01884409&_pii=S01884 40902003740&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_us erid=130907&md5=acfbb149e9396472a6e49c7fa17fbbbb

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We dont really know, but there are some general ideas!

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Enterocyte Killing Maldigestion of carbohydrates Enterotoxin NSP4

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What needs to be done to address this problem?

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Vaccination Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) Nutrition, sanitation, water, and hygiene Research biomarkers / host mechanisms

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http://rehydrate.org/ors/ort-how-it-works.htm

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http://bcsb.lbl.gov/wiki/index.php/Scientific_Highlights

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http://rehydrate.org/ors/ort.htm

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Diarrheal Disease is a serious problem facing the developing world! Disparities in care account for the deaths of thousands each year Something we get frequently and dont die of is causing too many deaths

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Arias, Carlos F. et al "Molecular Biology of Rotavirus Cell Entry." Archives of Medical Research 33.4 (2002): 356-361. ScienceDirect. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.. Lorrot, Mathie, and Monique Vasseur "How Do the Rotavirus NSP4 and Bacterial Enterotoxins Lead Differently to Diarrhea?" Virology Journal 4.31 (2007): 1. Web. 15 Mar. 2010.. Keusch, Gerald T. et al"Diarrheal Diseases." Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. Ed. Dean T. Jamison. Washington, D.C.: IBRD/The World Bank and Oxford UP, 2006. 371-388. Online:. Parashar, Umesh D. et al "Rotavirus." Emerging Infectious Diseases 4.4 (1998): 561- 571. Web. 15 Mar. 2010..