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MSRSAS - Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme - PEMP
i
ASSIGNMENT
EMBEDDED COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
Module Code ESD 525
Module Name Real Time Software Engineering
Course M.Sc in Real-Time Embedded Systems
Department Computer Engineering
Name of the Student Karthik.K
Reg. No CHB0911015
Batch Full-time 2011
Module Leader Mr. Deepak V
POSTGRADUATEE
NGINEERING
ANDM
ANAGEMENTPROGRAMME(PEMP)
M.S.Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programmes(PEMP)
#470-P Peenya Industrial Area, 4th Phase, Peenya, Bengaluru-560 058
Tel; 080 4906 5555, website: www.msrsas.org
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ii
Declaration SheetStudent Name Karthik k
Reg. No CHB0911015
Course Real Time Embedded System Batch FULL-Time 2011
Batch FT-11Module Code ESD525
Module Title Real Time Software Engineering
Module Date 08-11-2011 to 03-12-2011
Module Leader Mr. Deepak V
Extension requests:Extensions can only be granted by the Head of the Department in consultation with the module leader.Extensions granted by any other person will not be accepted and hence the assignment will incur a penalty.Extensions MUST be requested by using the Extension Request Form, which is available with the ARO.A copy of the extension approval must be attached to the assignment submitted.
Penalty for late submissionUnless you have submitted proof of mitigating circumstances or have been granted an extension, thepenalties for a late submission of an assignment shall be as follows:
Up to one week late: Penalty of 5 marks
One-Two weeks late: Penalty of 10 marks
More than Two weeks late: Fail - 0% recorded (F)All late assignments: must be submitted to Academic Records Office (ARO). It is your responsibility toensure that the receipt of a late assignment is recorded in the ARO. If an extension was agreed, theauthorization should be submitted to ARO during the submission of assignment.
To ensure assignment reports are written concisely, the length should be restricted to a limit
indicated in the assignment problem statement. Assignment reports greater than this length may
incur a penalty of one grade (5 marks). Each delegate is required to retain a copy of the
assignment report.
DeclarationThe assignment submitted herewith is a result of my own investigations and that I have conformed to theguidelines against plagiarism as laid out in the PEMP Student Handbook. All sections of the text andresults, which have been obtained from other sources, are fully referenced. I understand that cheating andplagiarism constitute a breach of University regulations and will be dealt with accordingly.
Signature of the student Karthik k Date 03-11-2011
Submission date stamp(by ARO)
Signature of the Module Leader and date Signature of Head of the Department and date
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iii
Abstract
____________________________________________________________________________
Now-a-days Real-time software engineering systems have become most important and
indispensible part of our modern day life. Real-time systems are growing rapidly in current
markets. Real time software engineering is an engineering providing certain methods and tools
for the development of quality product with a limited budget and a given deadline, in the
context of constant requirements change. Hence it is very important that the real-time systems
are highly efficient, reliable and robust. To develop such real time embedded systems, various
approaches are used.
Here, the software which I am going to develop is Digital Video Recording system. It is
a real time system; there are two approaches which I am using for developing the system. They
are structured approach and object oriented approach which is using UML standard. Here, I am
making everything automated by writing code in C, C++ using RRRT tool. By this the whole
system is controlled by the software, this reduces man power and will be more efficient. In the
next session I have discussed the issues and future development of the two approaches.
By following these methods, I developed a system which gives a better quality to end
user. The system is reliable and easy to maintain. The structural and object oriented approach
gives a confidence of Digital Video Recording (DVR) system development with good
document which can used to maintain it.
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iv
Contents
____________________________________________________________________________
Declaration Sheet .......................................................................................................................... iiAbstract ........................................................................................................................................ iiiContents ....................................................................................................................................... ivList of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viList of Figures ............................................................................................................................. viiList of Symbols .......................................................................................................................... viiiPART-A ........................................................................................................................................ 1CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 11.2 Literature survey on characteristics of ISO&CMM ........................................................... 1
1.2.1 Characteristics of CMM .............................................................................................. 11.2.2 Characteristics of ISO .................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Comparisons of the Models ................................................................................................ 21.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 3
PART-B ........................................................................................................................................ 4CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 42.2 Functional Requirements .................................................................................................... 42.4 Entity Relationship Model .................................................................................................. 52.5 DATA FLOW MODEL ...................................................................................................... 5
2.5.1 CONTEXT LEVEL DIAGRAM ................................................................................. 52.5.2 Level 1 DFD .................................................................................................................... 7
2.5.3 Level 2 DFD ................................................................................................................ 82.6 DATA DICTIONARY ....................................................................................................... 82.7 CFD (Control Flow Diagram) ............................................................................................ 92.8 Test cases .......................................................................................................................... 10
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PART-C ...................................................................................................................................... 13CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................... 13
3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 133.2 Use cases ........................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.1 Data card .................................................................................................................... 133.2.2 Sd card slot ................................................................................................................ 133.2.3 Copy to DVD ............................................................................................................. 133.2.4 Play or pause .............................................................................................................. 133.2.5 Rewind & forward ..................................................................................................... 133.2.6 Replay or stop ............................................................................................................ 14
3.3 Actors in use case diagram ............................................................................................... 143.4 Use case specifications ..................................................................................................... 143.5 Use Case Diagram ............................................................................................................ 163.6 Capsule in DVR ................................................................................................................ 17
3.6.1 Class Diagram ............................................................................................................ 173.6.2 Capsule Structure Diagram ........................................................................................ 18
3.7 Results Discussion ............................................................................................................ 193.8 conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 213.9 Comments on Learning Outcome ..................................................................................... 22References............................................................................................................................... 23APPENDIX A ......................................................................................................................... 24
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vi
List of Tables
____________________________________________________________________________
Table1. 1 Difference for ISO & CMM ......................................................................................... 3
Table 2. 1 Data dictionary ............................................................................................................ 9Table 2. 2 Test cases ................................................................................................................... 12
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List of Figures
____________________________________________________________________________
Fig1. 1 Maturity levels .................................................................................................................. 1
Fig2. 1 E-R DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................ 5Fig2. 2 ZERO LEVEL .................................................................................................................. 6Fig2. 3 level 1 ................................................................................................................................ 7Fig2. 4 level 2 ................................................................................................................................ 8
Fig 3. 1Use Case Diagram .......................................................................................................... 16Fig 3. 2 State Diagram ................................................................................................................ 18Fig 3. 3 Capsule Structure Diagram ............................................................................................ 18Fig 3. 4 Test Execution 1 ............................................................................................................ 19Fig 3. 5 Testing Case2 ................................................................................................................. 20Fig 3. 6 Testing Case3 ................................................................................................................. 21
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Real Time Software Engineering viii
List of Symbols
___________________________________________________________________________
Acronyms
RTES Real Time Embedded Systems
UML Unified Model Language
DFD Data Flow Diagram
OOA Object Oriented Analysis
RRT Rational Rose Real Time
FR Functional Requirement NFR Non- Functional Requirement
PSPEC Process Specifications
CSPEC Control Specifications
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1.1 Introduction
The day today software
developers, modern software dev
quality management, the iso was
growing number of is developers
companies are eager to obtain a c
the use of standard in control of
Europe and Japan [1], it is com
standards followed in USA[2][3][4
1.2 Literature survey on ch
1.2.1 Characteristics of CMM
These levels are described i
A Key Process Area is a gr
functioning at the appropri
Many organizations may
Levels 2 and 3 posing a ma
evelopers can no longer afford to deliver poo
elopment organization are paying a great de
specifically for designed for system devel
use standard as control of implementing quali
rtificate because of market pressure. In this se
uality of software. Iso model which is most p
ared with capability maturity model(cmm),
].
racteristics of ISO&CMM
Fig1. 1 Maturity levelsn terms of Key Process Areas.
oup of related activities considered important f
te process maturity level.
find themselves operating at Level 1,with m
jor challenge.
PART-A
HAPTER 1
quality software
l of attention to
opment. Today a
y systems. Many
ssion, we discuss
pular standard in
hich is common
r an organization
ovement towards
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1.2.2 Characteristics of ISO
The ISO software provides 6 main characteristics[5]
Functionality
Functionality is the essential purpose of any product or service. For certain items this isrelatively easy to define, for example a ship's anchor has the function of holding a ship at a given
location. The more functions a product has, e.g. an ATM machine, then the more complicated it
becomes to define it's functionality
Reliability
Once a software system is functioning, as specified, and delivered the reliability
characteristic defines the capability of the system to maintain its service provision under defined
conditions for defined periods of time.
Usability
Usability only exists with regard to functionality and refers to the ease of use for a given
function. For example a function of an ATM machine is to dispense cash as requested. Placing
common amounts on the screen for selection, i.e. $20.00, $40.00, $100.00 etc, does not impact the
function of the ATM but addresses the Usability of the function.
Efficiency
This characteristic is concerned with the system resources used when providing the required
functionality. The amount of disk space, memory, network etc. provides a good indication of this
characteristic.
Maintainability
The ability to identify and fix a fault within a software component is what the
maintainability characteristic addresses. In other software quality models this characteristic is
referenced as supportability. Maintainability is impacted by code readability or complexity as well
as modularization.
Portability
This characteristic refers to how well the software can adopt to changes in its environment
or with its requirements. The sub characteristics of this characteristic include adaptability. Object
oriented design and implementation practices can contribute to the extent to which this
characteristic is present in a given system.
1.3 Comparisons of the Models
Both the Capability and Maturity Model and the ISO 9001 standards were designed to
improve organizational processes. While ISO was not designed specially with software
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Real Time Software Engineering 3
development in mind it has widely been accepted on an international basis as a successful model
with consider to quality promise in the software industry.
Table1. 1 Difference for ISO & CMMISO CMM
Minimum Requirements to become certified
With indirect continuous improvement
Five-Levels of Certification with explicit
Continuous improvement
Designed to implement in all industry
Development
Designed particularly for the software
Purpose
Focused outwards in different views Focused inwards in different views
Re-certification must be done within one
year
No need of any certification further
Certification will be done by 3rd party not by
the main organization
Certification will be done by SIE(developers
of CMM)
1.4 Conclusion
At present there is a conflict between the desire for better quality systems resulting in
measurable improvements of the systems development process and the way in which this is
implemented by means of standards. Quality certificates can give a wrong impression of the realcapabilities of an organization, but this should not lead to the abolition of standards.
The majority of organizations can improve their systems by making (sensible) use of the
standards. In the short term, the quality of systems development can be improved by an approach
that is specially constructed for assessing systems development environments, that support
measurable improvement in the development process, and that support the choice and
implementation of actions.
In the longer term, standards and certificates will have to take into account the diversity that
exists in the real world. We think this process will take some time and that, therefore, organizations
will have to carefully assess the value of quality certificates in different situations.
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PART-B
CHAPTER 2
________________________________________________________________________________
2.1 Introduction
Nowadays everyone is busy with their jobs, carers, schedules etc. so many people are
missing their favourite programs, celebrity interviews and lot more valuable programs for this
problem dth providers found out new idea to control this problem i.e. DVR(digital video recorder)
which can record live programs & future programs so who are missing the live telecast can record
those telecast and watch those in leisure times even we can record future TV programs in hd quality
this is main motive of the DVR in set up box
Even we can copy those contents into dvd or memory card, for this purpose DVD writer&memory card slot is provided. more than 550 hours of streaming can recorded un interruptedly, it
can increased in future with advanced technology
2.2 Functional Requirements
1. User must insert data card to get interact. [Tag: FR_1]
2. Select particular channel for recording. [Tag: FR_2]
3. Entering into recording zone to record. [Tag: FR_3]
4. He must mention record starting time. [Tag: FR_4]
5. He must mention stopping time for recording. [Tag: FR_5]
6. For advanced recording he must mention date. [Tag: FR_6]
7. Date must not exceed 6 days from present date. [Tag: FR_7]
8. User can pause live steaming & watch later. [Tag: FR_8]
9. User can access database for storing purpose. [Tag: FR_9]
10. User can forward or rewind data in database. [Tag: FR_10]
2.3 Nonfunctional Requirements
Safety: Only user should be able to data in his database. [NFR_1]
Courteousness: DVR must exhibit human-friendly behavior so as to increase
chances of successful human interaction. [NFR_2]
Reliable: Quality of recorded content must be same as streamed one. [NFR_3]
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2.4 Entity Relationship Model
Fig2. 1 E-R DIAGRAM
The Entity-Relationship (ER) Model defines the relationship between the entities present in
the system, in this the relation will be given between dvr & set-up box. The Figure 1 illustrates the
E R Diagram for the DVR. The Entities present in the digital video recorder are as follows
USER
DVR
SET-UP BOX
2.5 DATA FLOW MODEL
2.5.1 CONTEXT LEVEL DIAGRAM
In this context level diagram we are implementing 3 levels of representations they are
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Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Fig2. 2 ZERO LEVEL
User interacts with dvr option in setup box
Data stores in database
Setup box interacts with dvr to record
Data recorders record data in dvr
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2.5.2 Level 1 DFD
Fig2. 3 level 1
User interacts with sd card slot to copy data from data base
Recorder records from live streaming
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2.5.3 Level 2 DFD
Fig2. 4 level 2
2d recorder records other than 3d contents
3d recorder records 3d movies & content
Play& pause option lets u pause live contents
User can forward or rewind data stored in database
2.6 DATA DICTIONARY
Name Aliases Where/How
Used
Description Format
Set-up box Hardware Hardware for
Dth services
User can interact Signal
transmission
Records Used for
recording
Records the data
requested by the
Signal
transmission
DATA
RECODER
USER
DATA BASE
SET-UP BOX
RECORDS DATA
INTERACTS
SAVES RECORDED DATA
ACTIVATES
2D
RECORDE
R PLAY&PA
USE
INTERACTS
SAVES RECORDED DATA
3D
RECODER FORWARD
& REWIND
RECORDED
DATA
USES
USESINTERACTS
SAVES RECORDED DATA
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Real Time Software Engineering 9
purpose user
Data base Memory Used for
memory purpose
User can load
data in this
database
Data type is
char
Play & pause Controls Controls data in
database
User can control
the streaming
Signal
transmission
Rewind &
forward
Controls Controls data in
database
User can control
the streaming
Signal
transmission
Interacts DVR controller Used to record
data
User can record
live streaming or
future telecasting
Signal
transmission
Table 2. 1 Data dictionary
2.7 CFD (Control Flow Diagram)
This representation allows you to know the control of data in DVR this representation
follows as below
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Real Time Software Engineering 10
Fig 2. 1 CFD
User first interacts with setup box for recording live streaming Then setup box interacts with dvr for recoding purpose
The dvr records data that is mentioned by the user
User can pause live streaming
User can rewind or forward video that already recorded
All the storage will be done in database
Database has got 550 hours of storage capacity
2.8 Test cases
USER
DATA BASE
INTERACTS
SET-UP
BOXINTERAC
TS DVR
SAVES RECORDED DATA
RECORDS
USES
USES
SAVES RECORDED DATA
REWIND
OR
FORWARD PLAY&PA
USE
TESTSPCIFICATION/REPORT
Test Case/Test Data Test procedure Test Cycle
Test
Case
Feature Criti
cal
Test
Cases
Test
Strategy
Test
Data
Test
Setup
Expected
Results
Obta
ined
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Real Time Software Engineering 11
No
lts
TC_0 Enter the
channeldisplayed
N Check
for theconfor
mation
Black
Box
Input Requir
edchanne
l will
be
displa
yed
Channel
will bedisplayed
TC_1 Pause the
live
stream
Y The
live
transmi
ssion
should
get
paused
Black
Box
Signal
trans
missio
n
Live
transm
ission
will be
paused
Live
transmiss
ion
should
resume
whenever
the user
wishes
TC_2 length of
time
required
for the
recording
Y It
should
take
starting
&
ending
time of
recordi
ng
Black
Box
Signal
trans
missio
n
It
should
start at
desire
d time
Recoding
should
start at
given
time &
end at
given
time
TC_3 Stop
button
Y Recodi
ng will
stop by
pressin
g this
button
Black
Box
Navig
ator
proces
s
Recor
ding
will
stop
by
pressin
Recordin
g will
stop at
any case
by
pressing
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Table 2. 2 Test cases
g this
button
this
button
TC_4 fast
forwardor skip
commerci
als in a
recorded
video
Y Skippin
g ads inrecorde
d video
Black
Box
Fast
forwarding
record
ed
video
Ads will
beskipped
by this
feature
TC-5 Copying
recorded
content
into DVD
Y It
should
write
into
DVD
Black
Box
Com
munic
ating
perso
n
Copyi
ng
recodi
ng
conten
t into
DVD
It should
write
data into
DVD
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PART-C
CHAPTER 3
________________________________________________________________________________
3.1 Introduction
Object orientation analysis is an approach to software design in which decomposition of
system is based upon the concept of an object. An object is an entity whose behavior is
characterized by the actions that it suffers and that it requires of another objects. Object oriented
approach has many automated tools to produce an application.
3.2 Use cases
Data card
SD card slot
Copy to DVD
Play& Pause
Rewind& Forward
Replay& Stop
3.2.1 Data card
For user specification data cards for validation of customer account by placing data card
only user is able to watch channels
3.2.2 Sd card slot
This future is for copying recorded data from data base ,this slot can increase the speed of
copying data ,this is better than DVD writer
3.2.3 Copy to DVD
User can directly copy content from database by using recorder in the digital video recorder
3.2.4 Play or pause
User can pause the ongoing live streaming & play at required spot on match
3.2.5 Rewind & forward
User can rewind or forward content recorded in database
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Real Time Software Engineering 14
3.2.6 Replay or stop
User can replay the live streaming or stop any recoding data even though he given the
ending time
3.3 Actors in use case diagram User
DVR
Set-up box
3.4 Use case specifications
Use case name Data card slot
Use case ID UC_1
Actors Set-up box
Purpose User id for set-up box
Overview This is used for security purpose
Only person with data card can interact with
set-up box
Precondition Wont work without data card
Post condition Works after inserting data card
Cross reference Get the instructions from manual
Use case name Sd card slot
Use case ID UC_2
Actors Set-up box
Purpose Memory support in set-up box
Overview This is used for copying purpose
Precondition Can copy data in the slot
Post condition Copy is completed
Cross reference Get the instructions from manual
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Use case name Copy to DVD
Use case ID UC_3
Actors Set-up box
Purpose Copying dataOverview User can copy data into DVD writer
Precondition copying data
Post condition Copy is completed
Cross reference Get the instructions from manual
Use case name Play & pause
Use case ID UC_4
Actors User, DVR
Purpose For pausing live streaming
Overview This is for pausing live streaming
Precondition Live streaming
Post condition Paused live stream
Cross reference Get the instructions from manual
Use case name Rewinding& forwarding
Use case ID UC_5
Actors User, DVR
Purpose For rewinding& forwarding
Overview For rewinding
For fast forwarding
Precondition
Post condition
Cross reference Get the instructions from manual
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Use case name Replay or stop
Use case ID UC_6
Actors User , DVR
Purpose Stopping at desired time
Overview Replay of pause content
Stopping at desired time
Precondition Pause of live streaming
Post condition Stop at recording spot
Cross reference Get the instructions from manual
3.5 Use Case Diagram
Fig 3. 1Use Case Diagram
copy to dvd
set-up box
( data card )
( sd card slot )
( copy to dvd )
play& pause
forward& rewindNewActor1
( play& pause )
( forward& rewind )
( replay & stop ) replay & stop
data card
sd card slot
DVR
( play& pause )
( forward& rewind )
( replay & stop )
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3.6 Capsule in DVR
Class name
Purpose Records in the memory
Attributes recorder
Operation Interaction for user
Records live streaming
Class name
Purpose Interaction
Attributes recorder
Operation Interaction for user
3.6.1 Class Diagram
dv r
+ / p1 : RECORDING
# / t3 : Timing
# / t1 : Timing
# / t4 : Timing
# / t5 : Timing
# / t6 : Timing
# / t7 : Timing
# / t8 : Timing
+ / p2 : MEMORY
INTERACTION
+ / p2 : RECORDING~
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Fig 3. 2 State Diagram
3.6.2 Capsule Structure Diagram
Fig 3. 3 Capsule Structure Diagram
/ bhR1 : dvr
/ bvR1
: INTERACTION
+ / p1: RECORDING
+ / p2: MEMORY
+ / p2
: RECORDING~/ bhR1 : dvr
+ / p1: RECORDING
+ / p2: MEMORY
/ bvR1
: INTERACTION
+ / p2
: RECORDING~
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3.7 Results Discussion
The whole system is tested according to the test cases developed in section 2.8
Fig 3. 4 Test Execution 1
Tc-0 is tested
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Testing for tc-2
Fig 3. 5 Testing Case2
The testing for tc-0 is done in above slide
Entering date , start time, end time for recording
Tc-1,tc-3,tc-4,tc-5 testing is started in next testing case
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Fig 3. 6 Testing Case3
In the above output every test case is tested
After stopping main menu is displayed again
3.8 conclusion
The concepts of both Structured Analysis and Object Oriented Analysis along with Object
Oriented Design have been used to prepare a model of the system to be implemented. Also test cases
where established for which test stubs where created and tested to check the interface and the overall
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working of the system. It can be seen that RRRT is an effective tool to create these models both quickly
and efficiently.
3.9 Comments on Learning Outcome
By solving this assignment I came across many issues with related with real time concepts.When I started solving these assignment came to know the lot of methods that I was not knowing
before. This assignment made to learn many things as well as some concepts got refreshed. By this,
I found that I can solve some problems by using different methods such as structural and object
oriented and UML.
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References
________________________________________________________________________________
[1] Humphrey W.S. , Characterizing the software process, IEEE Software, march 1988
[2] Humphrey W.S., Managing the software process, Addison Wesley, 1989
[3] Paulk M.C., Curtis B., Chrissis M.B., Capability maturity model for software, Software
engineering
institute, CMU/SEI-91-TR-24, DTIC Number AD240603, august 1991
[4] Paulk M.C., Curtis B., Chrissis M.B.,Weber C.V., Capability maturity model for software,
Version
1.1. Software engineering institute, CMU/SEI-93-TR-24, august 1993
[5] http://www.sqa.net/iso9126
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APPENDIX A
///////////////////DVR/////////////////
int hh,mm,ss,time,a,D,M,Y;
cout
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cout
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cout