Kansai International Airport, Japan

ByBADATIYA PINTU J.

Roll No.: 9538

C.K. Pithawala College of Engg. & Tech, Surat.

Overview

Kansai International Airport (KIA)

Key Features

Located on a biggest man-made island in Osaka Bay about 50km south of Osaka, Japan

Constructed cost over $14 billion The island of 4km long and 2.5km wide, was

proposed Project Started in 1987 Opened for flights in 1994 The ASCE named KIA the #2 civil engineering

project of the 20th century, second only to the Panama Canal

History In the 1960s, when the Kansai region was rapidly losing trade to Tokyo

, planners proposed a new airport near Kobe and Osaka. Osaka International Airport, located in the densely populated suburbs of Itami and Toyonaka, was surrounded by buildings; it could not be expanded, and many of its neighbours had filed complaints because of noise pollution problems.

After the protests surrounding New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport), which was built with expropriated land in a rural part of Chiba Prefecture, planners decided to build the airport offshore. The new airport was part of a number of new developments to revitalize Osaka, which had lost economic and cultural ground to Tokyo for most of the century.

Initially, the airport was planned to be built near Kobe, but the city of Kobe refused the plan, so the airport was moved to a more southerly location on Osaka Bay.

KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Construction Timeline

1987- Start of the airport island seawall construction

1987

Airport island seawall construction (January)

1991

Completion of reclamation work on the airport island (December)

1994

Completion of Passenger Terminal Building (June)

Architect: Renzo Piano

Later on 1994

Opening of the Airport (September 4)

Second phase KIA

The second runway opened on 2 August 2007, but without the originally planned terminal portion, now postponed to a later date.

Second phase has expanded the airport size to 10.5 sq. km

Further into the future, the airport is planning to construct a new terminal building (scheduled to open in late 2012), a third runway with a length of 3,500 m, a new cargo terminal and expanding the airport size to 13 km2.

Kansai Airport

FLIGHTS

Weekly international passenger flights: 710

Weekly international freighter flights: 152

Weekly domestic (passenger and freighter) flights: 495

Problem caused after completion of Airport

Airport goes on sinking, sinking prediction are as follows:

Lack of experience with construction on deep deposit of diluvial clay

Expected settlement = 19 to 25 ft. Actual settlement = 27 ft. (by the end of island

construction in 1990) It continued at the rate of 2 in/month

What Went Wrong in Predictions?

Un-conservative estimation of consolidation settlement

Wrong estimate of the time required for completion of consolidation settlement

Ineffectiveness of the sand drains in achieving the required success 100%

Coping With The Problem of Continued Settlement

Basement of the terminal was lined with a quarter of a million tons of iron ore.Result: Island sank faster than the building it is

trying to hold

Installation of hydraulic jacks under the columns.Result: No differential settlement between the

columns of entire building

Learning From Mistakes

Using data actual settlement data obtained from 1st phase of project

Analysis of 400-m-deep boring exploration State-of-the-art soil test methods Expected Settlement = 18 m

Present

Kansai International Airport (KIX) is Japan's second most important international airport.

Kansai Airport has two terminal buildings: the main terminal building (terminal 1) serves international and domestic flights by regular airlines, while a second terminal building (terminal 2) serves international and domestic flights by low-cost airlines. Various train and bus lines connect the airport with the nearby cities of Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe and surroundings.

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