Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering

Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao Kakani Nageswara Rao · Sumiko Kubo Editors

Proceedings of International Conference on Remote Sensing for Disaster ManagementIssues and Challenges in Disaster Management

Springer Series in Geomechanicsand Geoengineering

Series editor

Wei Wu, Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austriae-mail: wei.wu@boku.ac.at

Geomechanics deals with the application of the principle of mechanics to geomaterialsincluding experimental, analytical and numerical investigations into the mechanical,physical, hydraulic and thermal properties of geomaterials as multiphase media.Geoengineering covers a wide range of engineering disciplines related to geomaterialsfrom traditional to emerging areas.

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Peddada Jagadeeswara RaoKakani Nageswara Rao • Sumiko KuboEditors

Proceedings of InternationalConference on RemoteSensing for DisasterManagementIssues and Challenges in DisasterManagement

123

EditorsPeddada Jagadeeswara RaoDepartment of Geo-Engineeringand Centre for Remote Sensing

College of Engineering,Andhra University

VisakhapatnamIndia

Kakani Nageswara RaoDepartment of Geo-Engineeringand Centre for Remote Sensing

College of Engineering,Andhra University

VisakhapatnamIndia

Sumiko KuboDepartment of Geography,Faculty of Education

Waseda University GeographyTokyoJapan

ISSN 1866-8755 ISSN 1866-8763 (electronic)Springer Series in Geomechanics and GeoengineeringISBN 978-3-319-77275-2 ISBN 978-3-319-77276-9 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77276-9

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018936638

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or partof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionor information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromthe relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein orfor any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard tojurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AGpart of Springer NatureThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

This book is dedicated to Dr. Y. V. N. KrishnaMurthy, Director, National Remote SensingCentre (Indian Space Research Organization),Dr. P. Ravindrababu, IRS and Member ofParliament (Amalapuram Constituency),Prof. G. S. N. Raju, Vice-Chancellor,Centurion University and all FormerVice-chancellors of Andhra University.

Foreword

India is prone to several natural disasters, namely floods, cyclones, agriculturaldrought, earthquakes, landslides and forest fires. The frequency of occurrenceof these disasters is alarming and necessitates suitable disaster management actionplan. Today nationwide, with latest technological advances, more particularly,phenomenal growth in space technology, it is believed and accepted by Ministry ofHome Affairs, Government of India, that disaster risk reduction must be addressedto minimise the losses while adopting suitable crisis management practices fordisaster management. ISRO through its communication and Earth observationsatellites facilitates communication needs and silos of geo-spatial data for disasterrisk reduction and management. Disaster risk reduction encompasses the pre-paredness, early warning, response and recovery.

Timely, precise and near-real time-information delivery is the key for efficientdisaster management. The earth observation, communication, meteorological nav-igation satellites and aerial surveys are the core observation systems to facilitate thecommunication during disaster period, early warnings and geo-spatial value-addedproducts/services for preparedness, response, relief and mitigation measures.

vii

Hazard zonation maps for floods and landslides help for preparedness. Earlywarnings regarding possible occurrence of floods, cyclones, landslides based onmeteorological observations are useful for local administration to plan for reliefmeasures. Agricultural drought vulnerability assessment helps to explore alternativecropping practices in addition to insuring the farmer with crop insurance under thePMFBY welfare scheme. Near-real-time monitoring of disaster through satellitedata improves the response of administrative machinery for crisis managementminimising loss to human life and property.

It is appropriate and the need of the hour that Andhra University College ofEngineering (A) and Indian Society of Geomatics—Visakhapatnam Chapter arejointly organising an International Conference on Remote Sensing for DisasterManagement (ICRSDM-2017) at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, tostrengthen the disaster management practices by connecting to various researchcommunities for effective implementation.

I wish the conference a grand success.

Hyderabad, India Dr. Y. V. N. Krishna MurthyDirector, Department of Space, National Remote

Sensing Centre, ISRO, Government of India

viii Foreword

Preface

Natural Disasters are not new to the Earth. However, the intensity, frequency andextent of damage and devastation due to disasters are increasing year after year inspite of many technological developments. Concerted efforts towards creatingpublic awareness, disaster vulnerability mapping, improved capacity-building andresilience, and technology-driven management is the need of the day to tackledisasters and to reduce the loss of human life and property. Satellite remote sensingwith its ability to provide data on Earth’s surface features and process-dynamics innear-real time through its multispectral and repetitive capabilities is useful tomonitor and thereby mitigate and manage any natural calamity. It is the onlytechnology that can provide data on pre-event, during the event and post-eventindicators. Thus, with such authentic information from the remotely sensed data,necessary mitigation measures can be suggested in order to overcome therecurring/episodic occurrence of the hazards. Remote sensing in conjunction withGIS and GPS technologies further enriches the decision-making process in disasterpreparedness and mitigation.

The Department of Geo-Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam hasconducted a three-day International Conference on Remote Sensing for DisasterManagement during 11–13 October, 2017 with the main objective of providing aplatform for exchanging ideas and experiences of scientists and experts in the fieldof natural and anthropogenic disasters and their management.

Visakhapatnam, the most enchanting city on the east coast of India and a hub ofindustrial activity, and is vulnerable to cyclones, coastal erosion and industrialdisasters has provided a perfect setting for the Conference. More than 100 delegatesattended and 78 research papers were presented in the three-day Conference.

The deliberations and scientific discourses during the conference led to severaluseful suggestions and recommendations. The Conference has resolved thatlarge-scale maps based on geospatial technologies should be prepared high-lightingthe erosion prone zones along the sea coast and in the river basins, and landslideprone zones in the mountain terrains. Such maps showing details in local languagesshould be made available by displaying them in public places and governmental

ix

offices in disaster vulnerable zones. Disaster Management should be a part of theschool and college curriculums across all courses.

The governments should set up museums showcasing the disaster managementprograms in vulnerable areas and also in major urban centres. This helps the citizensto understand the disasters and to get practical training in disaster managementprocesses. Quizzes, mock drills and various other awareness programs should beconducted towards disaster preparedness of the citizens.

Training in first aid methods is essential in rural areas. The Do’s and Don’ts,written in local languages are to be displayed in public places. Blood donationcentres and mobile clinics shall be established in disaster prone areas. Counsellingby psychologists should be arranged to those who lost their family members indisasters. Every office should maintain a disaster management directory.Community education, web portal for helping in search-and-rescue operations, andawareness creation on alternative ways to resources are to be provided.

All the 78 full papers in this Conference Proceedings are segregated into 11sections representing case studies on the technological advancements and appli-cation of remote sensing, geographic information system and global positioningsystem in mapping and mitigation of various types of disasters. We hope the readerswill find this volume a useful reference.

Visakhapatnam, India Peddada Jagadeeswara RaoVisakhapatnam, India Kakani Nageswara RaoTokyo, Japan Sumiko Kubo

x Preface

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. G. Nageswara Rao, Vice-Chancellor, Andhra University,Prof. P. S. Avadhani, Principal, Andhra University College of Engineering(Autonomous), and Prof. V. Uma Maheswara Rao, Registrar, Andhra Universityfor their sustained support and encouragement.

We express our heartfelt thanks to the Chief Guest of the inaugural functionof the Conference, Dr. P. Ravindra Babu, IRS and Member of Parliament(Amalapuram Constituency) for sparing his valuable time and for histhought-provoking message. We are also grateful to Dr. Y. V. N. Krishna Murthy,Director, NRSC, Hyderabad, and Prof. Chandan Ghosh, Head, Geoscience, NIDM,New Delhi, for their highly informative and inspiring inaugural addresses.

We are thankful to all our colleagues in the Department of Geo-Engineering,Andhra University, Prof. E. Amminedu, Prof. G. Jai Sankar and the former col-leagues and non-teaching staff, and to Padmasree Dr. Kutikuppala Surya Rao, arenowned medical expert in Visakhapatnam for their timely help and advice formaking every event of the Conference a grand success.

We are thankful to all the members of the Conference Organizing Committee fortheir support and wise counsel from time to time.

We also thank Dr. T. Venkateswara Rao, Principal, and Dr. N. C. Anil, Vice-Principal of their respective Engineering colleges in Visakhapatnam for organizingthe Conference sessions.

We specially thank all the reviewers of the papers included in the ConferenceProceedings for sparing their valuable time and selfless efforts in improving thequality of the manuscripts, and the Editor-in-Chief, Springer Series Proceedings ofGeomechanical and Geoengineering for publishing this Conference Proceedings.

We appreciate the untiring efforts and timely help of the research scholars in theDepartment of Geo-Engineering, especially Rajesh Duvvuru, GudikandulaNarasimha Rao, Boyidi Suribabu, B. Sridhar, Ch. Anusha and T. Sridevi,U. Sailaja, and B. Ravikumar during the preparations for not only the Conference,but also several cultural events that were conducted during the three daysof the Conference. We are thankful to Dr. Ch. V. Rama Rao, former CE, VUDA,

xi

Dr. N. Victor Babu, Dr. M. Madhuri, Dr. Usha Chirala, Dr. D. Ramprasad Naik andDr. Chukka Srinivasa Rao, ICRISAT, Hyderabad who has also contributed theirmight for the successful conduct of the Conference.

We express our sincere thanks to the students of the Department, especiallyA. Gangabhavani and A. Kavya for their enthusiastic support and dedicated workduring the Conference. We also thank K. Dileep, DE, GVMC, for his constantencouragement and timely help in organizing various events of the Conference, inparticular the 3K Run, a public awareness program that was organized on the BeachRoad in the morning before the commencement of the Conference.

Last but not the least, we gratefully place on record the financial support fromthe Andhra University College of Engineering under Technical Education QualityImprovement Programme (TEQIP) Phase-III, National Institute of RuralDevelopment & Panchayati Raj (NIRD & PR), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh StateDisaster Management Authority (APSDMA), Amaravati, Ramky Pvt. Ltd.,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Council of Science & Technology (APCOST),Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh Space Applications Centre (APSAC), Vijayawada,National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam Port Trust,Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),New Delhi, and Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi, which hasimmensely helped us in organizing this important international event.

Prof. Peddada Jagadeeswara RaoProf. Kakani Nageswara Rao

Prof. Sumiko Kubo

xii Acknowledgements

Contents

1 GIS Based Management System for FloodForecast Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Sravani Duvvuri

2 Rapid Detection of Regional Level Flood Events UsingAMSR-E Satellite Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Venkata Sai Krishna Vanama, Ch. Praveen Kumar and Y. S. Rao

3 GIS Technology for Assessment of Urban Green CoverArea of Madurai Corporation in Tamil Nadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Nagaraju Thummala, M. Madhuri, E. Srinivas, A. Narsing Raoand V. E. Nethaji Mariappan

4 Insight to the Potentials of Sentinel-1 SAR Data for EmbankmentBreach Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Thota Sivasankar, Ranjit Das, Suranjana B. Borah and P. L. N. Raju

5 Security Issues in Geo-Spatial Big Data Analytics with SpecialReference to Disaster Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Rajesh Duvvuru, Gudikandula Narasimha Rao, Ashok Kote,Vijaya Raju Motru, PYLN Swami, Saurabh Singh Thakur,Sunil Kumar Singh, Balakrishna Bangaru, Sudhakar Godiand Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao

6 Monitoring Convective Clouds Over India and Nearby RegionsUsing Multi-spectral Satellite Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Mohammd Rafiq, Anoop Kumar Mishra, Jagabandhu Pandaand Som Kumar Sharma

7 Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Unmanned AerialVehicle for Border Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61R. Vijayanandh, J. Darshan Kumar, M. Senthil Kumar,L. Ahilla Bharathy and G. Raj Kumar

xiii

8 Quality Evaluation of CartoDEM in Different Resolutions . . . . . . . 73E. Venkateswarlu, I. Raghuramulu, T. Sivannarayana, G. P. Swamyand B. Gopala Krishna

9 Multi-angle LIDAR for Remote Sensing Smoke Emissionsfrom Wildfires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Y. Meenakshi and Yellapragada Bhavani Kumar

10 Urbanisation and Tank Systems Adjoining Hyderabad—A RapidAssessment Using Remote Sensing Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91K. Ramesh Reddy, P. Narender Babu and E. Srinivas

11 ACE and HDP of Tropical Cyclones Induced Disastersand Financial Loss Over China Coast During Last Decades(1995–2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Venkata Subrahmanyam Mantravadi, Shengyan Yuand Juncheng Zuo

12 Disaster Preparedness: Veterinarian Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113K. Raja Kishore and K. Vijaya Sri

13 Delineation of Target Areas for MGNREGA Related NRMActivities Using Web GIS and Multi Thematic Geo SpatialDatasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Venkumahanti Tejaswini, G. S. Pujar, G. Jai Shankar,K. Mrutyunjaya Reddy and Suribabu Boyidi

14 Dynamic Changes of Plantations in the SelectedWatershed Project Areas of Andhra Pradesh UsingBhuvan Geo-Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139G. Sravanthi, K. Mruthyunjaya Reddy, G. S. Pujarand Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao

15 Role of Remote Sensing System for Disaster Area Response . . . . . . 151G. Anjaneyulu and A. Suseela

16 Integration of Multiple Technologies in Web Environmentfor Developing an Efficient Framework for EmergencyManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159V. Bhanumurthy and Vinod Kumar Sharma

17 Assessment of Soil Erosion in Upper TungabhadraSub basin by Using Universal Soil Loss Equationand Geospatial Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Nekkanti Haripavan, G. V. Ramalingeshwararao, G. Abbaiahand G. Sai krishna

xiv Contents

18 Hydrological Viability Analysis for Minor IrrigationTanks—A Spatial Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Y. Raja Rajeswari and N. Bhaskara Rao

19 Applications of RS and GIS Techniques for Disaster Studiesin East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199K. Padma Kumari and K. Srinivas

20 A Study on the Utility and Geochemistry of Groundwaterin Ponneri Taluk of Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu . . . . . . . . . . . 215S. Sivakumar, K. Srinivasaraju, M. Shanmugam, D. Thirumalaivasanand C. Lakshumanan

21 Assessing the Spatial Patterns of Geotagged MGNREGA Assetson Bhuvan Using GIS Based Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Kaja Divya, K. Mruthyujaya Reddy, G. S. Pujarand Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao

22 Detection of Landslide Using High Resolution Satellite Dataand Analysis Using Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Ibrahim Shaik, S. V. C. Kameswara Rao and Balakrishna Penta

23 Determination of Surface Water Infiltration on Newly DevelopedPervious Concrete Surface on Sandy Loamy Soil ofVisakhapatnam and Surrounding Areas by Using RemoteSensing and GIS Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Bodasingu Ravi Kumar, Gummapu Jai Sankar, Pendyala Stephen,S. Ganesh, M. Neeraj Kumar and A. Shravan Kumar

24 Integrated Approach for Local Level Drought Assessmentand Risk Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265M. Kavitha, Gajanan Ramteke, A. Kamalakar Reddy and N. Narender

25 Temperature and Vegetation Indices Based Surface Soil MoistureEstimation: A Remote Sensing Data Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281V. Vani, K. Pavan Kumar and Mandla Venkata Ravibabu

26 Runoff Estimation by Using Optimized Hydrological Parameterswith Special Reference to Semi-arid Agriculture Watershed . . . . . . 291Nagaveni Chokkavarapu, Pavan Kumar Kummamuruand Venkata Ravibabu Mandla

27 Automatic Landing Site Detection for UAV Using SupervisedClassification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Sudheer Kumar Nagothu and G. Anitha

Contents xv

28 Evaluation of Risk Potential of Industries and Natural Hazards inthe Wards of Hyderabad, India–AHP Multi-criteria ModelingPerspective Using Remote Sensing and GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Murali Krishna Gurram and Nooka Ratnam Kinthada

29 A Review on Role of Telemedicine in Disaster Management:A Pharmacist Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Anusha Nutakki, Vijay Kotra, Sathish Kumar Konidalaand Nagarjuna Babu Etukuri

30 Geospatial Flood Risk Mapping and Analysis Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337S. Johny Samuael, J. Sahaya Arul and Jeni Chandar Padua

31 Soil Erosion Assessment of Hilly Terrain of PaderuUsing USLE and GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Ramprasad Naik Desavathu and Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao

32 Impact of Climate Change on Tropical Cyclones Frequencyand Intensity on Indian Coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Sushil Gupta, Indu Jain, Pushpendra Johari and Murari Lal

33 Study of Loss of Contact for Rectangular FootingsResting on Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367M. Kondala Rao, N. Gopika, K. S. Vivek and C. Ravi Kumar Reddy

34 Geospatial Technologies as an Aid to Decision SupportSystem for Assessment of Urban Floods in GHMC Areasof Hyderabad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377Prathapani Prakash, Aswini Kumar Das, K. Sreenivasuluand G. Sreenivasa Reddy

35 Towards Resilient Transportation Systems for EffectiveCyclone Management—City of Visakhapatnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387Varsha Akavarapu and Maqbool Ahmed

36 Application of GIS and Remote Sensing Technique in DrainageNetwork Analysis: A Case Study of Naina–Gorma Basin of RewaDistrict, M.P., India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Vimla Singh, L. K. Sinha and Ampa Ganga Bhavani

37 Impact of Land Use/Land Cover and Mangrove Degradationon Coastal Erosion in Godavari Delta Region,Andhra Pradesh—A Geospatial Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413A. Kavya, A. Ganga Bhavani, Peddada Jagadeeswara Raoand V. Bala Chandrudu

xvi Contents

38 A Geospatial Approach to Assess the Liquefaction Vulnerabilityof Kutch District, Gujarat—A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Kuntal Ganguly, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao,K. Mruthyunjaya Reddy and Bendalam Sridhar

39 A Study on Assessment of Pollution in Godavari Estuary EastCoast of India by Using Trace Metals Concentration in theSediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Hari Prasad, P. Bhanu Murty, M. Sanyasi Rao and Rajesh Duvvuru

40 Preliminary Analysis of Flood Disaster 2017 in Bihar andMitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455Amarjeet Kaur, Tarun Ghawana and Nakul Kumar

41 A Spatial Disaster Management Framework for SmartCities—A Case Study of Amaravati City—FloodManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Abhishek Arepalli, S. Srinivasa Rao and Peddada Jagadeeshwara Rao

42 Study on Drought Monitoring Based on Spectral Indices inNoyyal River Sub-watershed Using Landsat-8 Imageries . . . . . . . . 473J. Brema, T. S. Rahul and James Jesudasan Julius

43 Vibration Measurement of a Steel Bridge Using Smart Sensors:Deployment and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483J. Brema, J. Santhosh Kumar, K. Prathibaa and T. S. Rahul

44 Space Technology Based Disaster Management and ItsSocietal Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493Dhruvi Bharwad

45 Integrated Methodology for Delineation of Salt-Water and FreshWater Interface Between Kolleru Lake and Bay of Bengal Coast,Andhra Pradesh, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Harikrishna Karanam, Jaisankar Gummapu andVelaga Venkateswara Rao

46 Identification of Landslide Hazard Zones Along the BheemiliBeach Road, Visakhapatnam District, A.P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515B. Sridhar, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao,Gudikandhula Narasimha Rao, Rajesh Duvvuru,Ch. Anusha, D. Sanyasi Naidu, E. Srinivas,T. Sridevi, M. Madhuri and Y. Padmini

47 GIS Science for Monitoring of the Health & Emergency ServicesDuring Disaster in Tribal Area, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh,India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Suribabu Boyidi, G. Jaisankar, T. Sridevi, B. Ravi Kumar,K. M. Ganesh, N. C. Anil, U. Sailaja, Rehanaz Sheik,Tulli C. S. Rao and K. Ananda Ratna Kumar

Contents xvii

48 Inventory and Monitoring of Glacial Lakes in Himalayan RegionUsing Geo Spatial Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535P. Satyanarayana, E. Siva Shankar, E. Amminedu and N. Victor Babu

49 Geospatial Study on Landslide Vulnerability Mapping in theEnvirons of Araku Valley, Visakhapatnam District,Andhra Pradesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551Ch. Anusha, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao, Y. Padmini and B. Sridhar

50 Assessment of Coastal Erosion Along the Srikakulam District,Andhra Pradesh State Using Satellite Data of 1990–2000 and2000–2016 Time Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561Y. Padmini, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao and Ch. Anusha

51 Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS-Based LikelihoodFrequency Ratio Model: A Case Study of Pakyong—PacheykhaniArea, Sikkim Himalaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569Satyanarayana Prasad Nerella, Simhachalam Alajangiand Dinesh Dhakal

52 Demarcating of Aquifer Zones with Geophysical and GeospatialApproach in South Western parts of Rangareddy District,Telangana State, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587G. Sakram, Sreedhar Kuntamalla, N. Madhusudan, Ratnakar Dhakateand Praveen Raj Saxena

53 Estimating Aquifer Characteristics by Conducting PumpingTests: A GIS and Remote Sensing Approach in South WesternPart of Mahbubnagar District, Telangana State, India . . . . . . . . . . 599Sreedhar Kuntamalla, G. Sakram, N. Madhusudhan and E. Srinivas

54 Integrative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio UsingWireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613Bosubabu Sambana, Linga Srinivasa Reddy, Dharavat Ravi Nayakand K. Chandra Bhushana Rao

55 A Geospatial Study on Solid Waste Management for theVisakhapatnam Smart City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625Neela Victor Babu, Suribabu Boyidi and Sridhar Bendalam

56 Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using AHP Along MechukaValley, Arunachal Pradesh, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Amitansu Pattanaik, Tarun Kumar Singh, Mrinal Saxenaand B. G. Prusty

xviii Contents

57 Geo Spatial Study on Fire Risk Assessment in KambalakondaReserved Forest, Visakhapatnam, India:A Clustering Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653Gudikandhula Narasimha Rao, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao,Rajesh Duvvuru, Sridhar Bendalam, Roba Gemechu,Dadi SanyasiNaidu and Kondapalli Beulah

58 Signatures of Last Glacial Cycle and Tectonics AlongGopalpur-Konark Coastal Tract, Odisha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663B. M. Faruque

59 A Geospatial Study on Emergency Response ManagementSystem to Combat Fire Accidents—A Case Study of Chennai,Tamil Nadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673T. Sridevi, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao, Suribabu Boyidi,P. Madhu Chandra, B. Sridhar and M. Madhuri

60 Road Network for Disaster Guide in Rural Area, East GodavariDistrict, AP, India—A Case Study of Spatial Approach . . . . . . . . . 683Shaik Rehanaz Begum, G. Jaisankar, Suribabu Boyidi,B. Ravi Kumar, K. M. Ganesh, T. Sridevi, N. C. Anil,U. Sailaja and K. Dileep

61 Public Health Emergencies During Disasters—A StrategicResponse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693Surya Rao Kutikuppala

62 Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on MaizeCrop in North Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh, India . . . . . . . . 699Chukka Srinivasa Rao and Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao

63 Comparison of Tsunami Arrival Times Using GIS Methods:A Case Study in the Makran Subduction Zone,West Coast of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707Praveen Mupparthi, G. Jai Shankar and Kirti Srivastava

64 Study on Sustainable Management of Groundwater Resources inGreater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, VisakhapatnamDistrict, India—A Hydro Informatics Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719Dadi Sanyasi Naidu and Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao

65 Disaster Management Emergency Responsive Mechanism UsingGIS and Networking with Android Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729Gadi Hari Krishna, Veeturi Sarath Chandra, Suribabu Boyidi,Gummapu Jaisankar, Ch. Anusha, Bendalam Sridhar, Nathi Anil,Ustala Sailaja, K. Mehar Ganesh, B. Ravi Kumar, T. Sridevi,L. V. V. S. Narayana Narayanam and Killana Dileep

Contents xix

66 Impact of Water Conservation Structures on Hydrology of aWatershed for Rural Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739Vinit Lambey, A. D. Prasad, Arpit Chouksey and Indrajeet Sahu

67 A Geospatial Study on Visakhapatnam Smart City Based onHydrogeochemistry Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751Neela Victor Babu, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao, Suribabu Boyidiand Sridhar Bendalam

68 Remote Sensing and GIS Approach for Planning and Analysisof Storm Water Drainage System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757Ch. Ramesh Naidu

69 Classifications of SAR Images Using Sparse Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . 761Battula Balnarsaiah, G. Rajitha and Balakrishna Penta

70 A Case Study on Soil Erosion and Risk Assessmentin Thandava Reservoir Catchment, Visakhapatnam District,A.P.—A Geo-spatial Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771Madhuri Mulpuru, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao and T. Sridevi

71 Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality Parameters inAmaravathi Region—A GIS and Remote Sensing Approach . . . . . 779J. Netaji, G. N. M. Lavanya, P. Srinivas, K. Govind Sourabhand G. Bhogayya Naidu

72 An Integrated Study on the Status of Surface Water Bodies inGVMC Area Using Geo-Spatial Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795L. Tejaswini, E. Amminedu and V. Venkateswara Rao

73 Morphometric Analysis and Characterization for Sub-watershedDelineation in Gomukhi River Basin of Villupuram District,Tamilnadu Using GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805V. Govindaraj and C. Lakshumanan

74 Restoration of Ecological Balance Through Regression Analysisin Kothapally Agricultural Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817G. Venkata Ramana, R. Suresh Kumar and P. Balakrishna

75 Intelligent Object Tracking in River Floods, Andhra Pradesh,India Using MOTSC Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831Rajesh Duvvuru, Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao,Gudikandhula Narasimha Rao, Sridhar Bendalamand Suribabu Boyidi

xx Contents

76 Identification of Landslide Hazard Zones in GreaterVisakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, Andhra Pradesh,India—A Geospatial Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841Peddada Jagadeeswara Rao, P. V. V. Satyanarayana,Ch. V. Rama Rao, Rajesh Duvvuru, G. Narasimha Rao,Dadi Sanyasi Naidu, Ch. Anusha and G. V. Vidya Sagar

77 Flood Inundation Simulation of Mahanadi River, Odisha DuringSeptember 2008 by Using HEC-RAS 2D Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851Tushar Surwase, G. SrinivasaRao, P. Manjusree, Asiya Begum,P. V. Nagamani and G. JaiSankar

78 Distribution of Seasonal Snow Cover Mapping Using SatelliteData in Sutlej Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865E. Srinivas, T. Nagaraju, E. Sivasanker, K. Sreedharand K. Ramesh Reddy

Contents xxi

Chapter 1GIS Based Management Systemfor Flood Forecast Applications

Sravani Duvvuri

Abstract Water resources of a country constitute mainly surface and ground water,with rainfall being the basic source. Due to non-uniform variation of rainfall inIndia, one region of India receives floods, and the other region is prone to drought.This situation calls for proper management measures to effective utilization ofavailable water. Recent floods in large river systems called for the urgent need toforecast flood conditions and manage the river environment. The author’s study onidentification of flood prone areas of Cauvery river basin, generated flood inun-dation maps of several recurrence intervals by using hydrologic (SWAT) andhydraulic (HEC-RAS) models integrated with GIS. Considering this as preliminarystudy, a flood forecasting system is planned for Krishna river basin by using GISand Meteorological data. A display map will be prepared using ArcGIS, whichincludes flood depth, extent of inundation with display maps and this informationwill be provided in near real time to concerned authorities for taking necessaryaction. These tools can be used to identify affected parcels to prioritize for reme-diation. This will help further to manage the water resources in an effective manner,without letting the water into sea or causing submergence to flood plain areas.

Keywords GIS � SWAT � HEC-RAS � Water surface profile � Flood inundationmap

1 Introduction

Flood is one of the most common hydrologic extremes frequently experienced byany country. The rainfall received in India is not uniformly distributed both in timeand space. According to government of India flood statistics, about 400,000 km2

[5] of area is getting inundated due to floods every year. Andhra Pradesh has been

S. Duvvuri (&)Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies,IIIT Nuzvid, Nuzvid, Krishna (Dist) 521202, Andhra Pradesh, Indiae-mail: sravanidvr@gmail.com

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019P. J. Rao et al. (eds.), Proceedings of International Conference on Remote Sensingfor Disaster Management, Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77276-9_1

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frequently affected by severe floods and has suffered from many flood disasters interms of the population affected, frequency, extent of inundation andsocio-economic costs. The state of Andhra Pradesh has three major river basins;among which Krishna is the second largest perennial river basin. The Krishna RiverBasin is India’s fifth largest river basin covering an area of 258,948 km2 inPeninsular India, which is nearly 8% of total geographical area of the country [10].Most of the Krishna catchment area lies in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka,Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The river is prone to heavy floods, especiallyduring the South-West monsoon season (June–September) and occasionally due tothunderstorms. Due to rapid land use changes, encroachment and sedimentation, therivers may not be able to carry the excessive runoff resulting from heavy rains ofhigh intensity. As a result, the river overflows and water enters the flood plain.Flood water surface elevation information is important to know the depth of theflooding. Accurate water surface elevations can be computed using a hydraulicmodel. Long-term continuous discharge measurements are available only in fewlocations across the Indian River basins. Since the current study is agriculturalwatershed, so the flow values at these locations can be simulated using hydrologicmodel, SWAT [2] based on landuse practices, crop management, irrigationscheduling and reservoir operation.

Flood frequency analysis is carried out for the flow values obtained from SWATto calculate the flow magnitudes of several recurrence intervals (2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and100 years) using a statistical technique known as Log-Pearson type-III distribution[9]. In order to map the level of flood inundation at different downstream reaches,water surface profiles are needed at several places along the river reach. But theyare available at very limited places along with stream gauges. Hence, to fill this gap,a hydraulic model such as HEC-RAS is often used to compute the flow depth atvarious locations along the river reach. GIS is used to extract the geometricinformation from the digital elevation data for input into a hydraulic model, andthen used to map the current spatial extent of flood waters using a mapping soft-ware. Flood inundation mapping is one of the vital components in developing floodmitigation measures especially nonstructural measures. Flood inundation extent anddepth can be found by using a mapping tool called HEC-GeoRAS [8]. Watersurface elevations greater than the terrain elevation are included in the inundationdepth grid.

2 Study Area

The basin is situated between East longitudes 73° 21′ to 81° 09′ and North latitudes13° 07′ to 19° 25′ in the Deccan Plateau. There are 13 major tributaries which jointhe Krishna River along its 1400 km course. About 68% population lives in ruralareas and is dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. There are about 30 majorand medium dams and reservoirs constructed in the Krishna River Basin.

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The important soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, lateriticsoils, mixed soils, saline and alkaline soils. Diversified cropping pattern persists inthe Krishna River Basin. Principal cultivated crops are: paddy, sorghum, corn,sugarcane, millet, cotton, sunflower, groundnut, turmeric, and a variety of

Fig. 1 Location of study area

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horticultural crops. The total cultivable area in the basin is about 203,000 km2,which is equivalent to 78% of the total geographical area of the basin. The currentstudy is identified from Nagarjunasagar to Prakasam Barrage region as shown inFig. 1. The length of the river reach is 188 km.

3 Methodology

SWAT is a complex physically based distributed parameter hydrologic modeldeveloped by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which operateson a daily time step [3]. In SWAT surface runoff is estimated using the SCS curvenumber procedures [13] from the daily rainfall data. Based on the annual maxima ofdischarge predicted by SWAT at different reach segments, flood frequency analysiswas carried out to predict the flood magnitudes of various recurrence intervals.Log-Pearson Type III distribution is often the preferred statistical technique forflood frequency analysis [12]. The flow values for different recurrence intervals

Fig. 2 Overall methodology

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from this technique is given as input into a hydraulic model, HEC-RAS to estimatethe water surface profiles. Flood inundation map is generated using HEC GeoRASby comparing water surface TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) with DEM, tocompute the water surface elevation in the channel and flood plain. The overallmethodology process is shown in Fig. 2.

3.1 SWAT Model Set-Up

Hydrologic modeling was carried out by using a distributed hydrological modelSWAT. The data required to setup SWAT include topography, land use, soil,weather and land management practices. Accordingly, the ArcGIS SWAT modelsetup involves five major processes: (1) Watershed delineation (2) Landuse and Soilsetup (3) Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) definition (4) Weather data and

Fig. 3 Digital elevation model

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(5) Land management information. ASTER (Advance Space borne ThermalEmission Radiometer) DEM of 30 m resolution was used for watershed delineationas shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Land use/land cover data was obtained from LANDSATimagery as shown in Fig. 5. Soils data collected from FAO (Food and AgriculturalDepartment), shown in Fig. 6. High resolution (0.5° � 0.5°) daily gridded rainfalldata (1971–2005) developed by India Meteorological Department (IMD) [11] and1° � 1° daily temperature data from IMD (1969–2007) [14] was used as weatherdata inputs for SWAT modelling. Watershed delineation was performed with athreshold area of 10,000 km2 and 149 sub basins were obtained as shown in Fig. 4.SWAT performs analysis at HRU level. So, a threshold of 5% is given to land useand soil classifications. 1099 HRUs were obtained after incorporating thresholdcriteria.

Fig. 4 Watershed delineation

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3.2 HEC-RAS Model Set-Up

HEC-RAS is designed to calculate water surface profiles for steady or unsteadyGradually Varied Flow (GVF) in natural and manmade channels. Steady stateanalysis isperformed in this study to calculate the water surface profiles using the“standard step method”. In this method, water surface profiles are computed bysolving energy equation using an iterative procedure. HEC-GeoRAS is a geo-graphic river analysis system developed using ArcGIS by U.S Army corps ofengineers [7] to function as a pre-processor for preparing the input data forHEC-RAS from GIS and a post-processor to map the extent of flood plain. The dataneeded to perform these computations are separated into geometric data (elevation,river center-line, hydraulic structures etc.) and steady flow data (flow values ofvarious recurrence intervals). The geometric data required by HEC-RAS weredigitized from the Google earth imagery. The network was created on a reach byreach basis, starting from the upstream end and working downstream. Due to thelack of rating curve of flow data, the normal depth condition is assumed as thedownstream boundary by assuming the flow below the most downstream section ismostly generally uniform. Many flood plain studies have used normal depthboundary condition at the downstream boundary when the actual water profile orrating curve information is lacking [1, 4]. Water surface profile predicted byHEC-RAS beyond a threshold limit in the river length from the downstreamboundary, the effect would be negligible [6].

4 Results and Discussions

The output of the flood modeling is in the form of flood plain map, water surfaceprofiles. The flow values for several return periods at the outlet point of thewatershed was obtained by using Log Pearson Type-III distribution was plotted inFig. 7. It is seen from the results that flood model can simulate the flow profiles fordifferent flow conditions and the flood plain map shows that how much areaeffected due to flood with different return periods. i.e., 2, 10, 25, 50, 100 years.HEC-RAS provides the user with a large amount of hydraulic information in theform of flood plain maps and water surface profiles for any station or cross section,reach, and profile. sample output of flood plain map and water surface profiles ofthe region is shown in Fig. 8. The ASTER DEM has a spatial resolution of 30 m,which is a very coarse resolution for flood inundation mapping. So, for manysections along the stream, the active channel portion was not clearly discernable.

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This profile will facilitate to adopt appropriate flood disaster mitigation mea-sures. The flood profiles for different flood intensities with different return periodscan be plotted at any given cross section of river. Also, such flood profile can beplotted for entire length of river reach.

Fig. 5 Land use/land cover

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Fig. 6 FAO soils data

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