Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
Transcript of Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 1/62
Kair VentilationCondensation control
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 2/62
Introduction to
Kair Ventilation Ltd
Established 1997
Wide range of products Solve every conceivable damp problem
Member of BWPDA, PCA, Green Organisation
Three associated companies ± Kair Ventilation Limited
± Kiltox Contracts Limited
± i-sells.co.uk
(National Damp Advisory Centre)
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 3/62
Kiltox Contracts
& i-sells.co.uk
Kiltox Contracts Limited ± Established 30 years
± Damp proofing
± Waterproof tanking
± Building refurbishment
± Timber remedial treatments
± Electrical contracting
± National Damp Advisory Service
i-sells.co.uk ± Online store
± Over 10,000 specialist products
± UKs widest selection of ducting
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 4/62
Condensation
&Mould Growth
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 5/62
Condensation
Water enters buildings in a number of ways causing:
± Superficial damage
± Structural damage
Condensation is one of the most commoncauses
± Unpleasant
± Uncomfortable
± Unhealthy
» Mould growth
Over 50% of buildings in the UK areaffected
Largest single complaint received by local
authorities in last 25 years!
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 6/62
Condensation
The Problem
± A problem of today ± Heating
± Ventilating
± Insulating
± Household income related
± Nationwide
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 7/62
What is Condensation?
Air contains water vapour ± The capacity to do so is directly related to
temperature
± Warm air holds more water vapour than cold air
Air is saturated when it cannot hold anymore water at the existing temperature ± Relative Humidity = 100%
Dew Point ± The temperature of the air falls until saturation
point occurs
Any Further Fall in Temperature WillResult in Water Vapour Being Forced toCondense
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 8/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 9/62
Surface Condensation
Warm air comes into contact with a
cold surface
Air cooled below saturation point Condensed water appears as water
droplets or film on non-absorbent
surfaces ± Windows
± Tiles etc.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 10/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 11/62
Interstitial Condensation
Condensation can occur within the fabricof the building
Internal air permeates through thestructure because of greater pressure
More water vapour = more pressure ± Vapour Pressure
Most building materials are permeable
Water cools below its dew point within
the fabric of the building It can go undetected for long periods
± Serious structural damage
± Render ineffective any insulation
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 12/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 13/62
Conditions for Condensation
Mainly a winter problem
Water vapour is produced from a
number of activities Water vapour can rise from damp
ground
Severity depends on type andnature of construction
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 14/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 15/62
Causes of Condensation
Modern living standards Domestic activities
Ventilation
Unoccupied dwellings
Economic pressure Under-use heating systems
Unused rooms not heated
Seal drafts
Change in building design Open fire places removed Double glazing
Insulation
Elimination or overhanging eaves
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 16/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 17/62
Mould Growth
Mould will appear on any dampsurfaces
± Plaster
±
Wallpaper ± Timber
Mould is associated withcondensation problems
Mould is Unacceptable ± Appearance
± Health hazard
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 18/62
What Are Moulds?
Simple fungi
Spores Reproduction
± Asexual & sexual
Three principle features Simple food requirements
Produce vast number of spores
Grow very quickly under suitable conditions
Main requirement for development andgrowth?Moisture!
Hydrophilic fungi
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 19/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 20/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 21/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 22/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 23/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 24/62
Mould
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 25/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 26/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 27/62
Health Hazards of Toxic Mould
A paper in the British MedicalJournal, Vol. 298, as far back as June1989, stressed the higher incidence
of ill health in damp buildings withaccompanying mould growth and itis now accepted that air pollution isa major reason for the huge
increase in asthma sufferers of whom children and the elderly areoften the most vulnerable.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 28/62
Health Hazards of Toxic Mould
According to the World Health Organization,Every year, indoor air pollution is responsiblefor the death of 1.6 million people thats onedeath every 20 seconds.
Chemicals used for cleaning, cooking, doinglaundry; products such as hair spray, nail polish,paint; petting the family dog; materials used inthe construction process of the home contribute
to air pollution indoors. As homes become moreenergy efficient, hazardous chemicals remaintrapped in the home with no means to escape.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 29/62
Health Hazards of Toxic Mould
Fungal Exposure
± Certain types of moulds produce
secondary metabolites called
MYCOTOXINS
± MYCOTOXINS can destroy your health!
± Its impossible to know how much
damage they cause until it is too late!
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 30/62
Health Hazards of Toxic Mould
Chronic Bronchitis
Learning Disabilities
Mental Deficiencies
Heart Problems
Cancer
Chronic Fatigue
Lupus
Fibromyalgia
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bleeding Lungs
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
DermatitisRecurring Cold and Flu-like Symptoms
Burning Sore Throat
Headaches
Diarrhoea
Impaired or Altered Immune Function.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 31/62
Condensation & Mould GrowthAsthma & Upper Respiratory Problems
The UK has by far the highest prevalence of asthma in the world. (Howieson)
Increasing levels of insulation, double-glazing
and the sealing of open chimneys dramaticallyreduce domestic ventilation rates, which in turnproduce warm, humid and polluted indoorenvironments.
Such conditions prove ideal for the colonisationand proliferation of the house dust mite.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 32/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 33/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 34/62
The House Dust Mite
The mite family Pyroglyphidae produce a large range of particularlyallergenic proteins, which have a direct causal and a dose-responserelationship with asthma. (Howieson)
It is mainly their faecal matter that is responsible.
The only regulating factor in their common habitats is the availability of moisture.
They have an ability to adapt and hibernate through non-optimumconditions.
Fossil studies show that mites have existed on Earth for over 400 millionyears. There may be over 100 million different species of mites in
existence.
Dust mite is the generic term for all the species of mite commonlyfound in homes. 13 species of mite have been found in house dust.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 35/62
Conclusions
Condensation provides standing liquid water, which is apotential breeding ground for harmful toxic moulds.
Toxic moulds have been identified as a serious healthhazard
Condensation can cause damage to building materials,
which requires expensive repair. Condensation is a symptom of an excessively humid
dwelling.
Excess humidity encourages the proliferation of housedust mites and the exacerbation of allergy symptoms.
Effective ventilation dissipates moist air to the exterior of
the dwelling, reducing humidity and its resultingproblems.
The benefits of this include better health and lowerbuilding maintenance expenses.
Effective heat recovery ventilation encompasses thesebenefits, and adds energy efficiency, thus reducingexpenditure on energy.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 36/62
Legislation
&Regulations
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 37/62
Legislation & Regulations
Those who
understand the
regulations
Those who do
not understand
the regulations
Those who didnt
know there where
regulations
Those who
are a bit
confused!
Those whounderstand someof the regulations
Those who
didnt know
there where
regulations
and dont
care that
they dont
understand
Those who
think they
understand
even though
they didnt
know there
were
regulations
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 38/62
Legislation & Regulations
± DETR - The Fitness standard - Housing Act 1985.)
± The Housing Health and Safety Ratings System
± N.H.S. Health Strategy for London
± The Decent Home Standard
± Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 ± Building Regulation Part F Means of Ventilation
(Latest Revision)
± Building Regulation Part L Energy Efficiency
(Latest Revision)
± DETR Energy efficient Ventilation in Housing - Good
practice guide 268
± UK Fuel Poverty Strategy
± UK Energy White Paper 2003
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 39/62
Legislation & Regulations
± The Energy Act 2008
± The Climate Change Act 2008
± UK Low Carbon Transition Plan
± Code for Sustainable Homes
± Heat and Energy Saving Strategy 2009 ± Community Energy Saving Programme
± Carbon Emissions Reduction Target Uplift,May 2009
± www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/programme/programme-calendar.htm#2009
± www.number10.gov.uk/page16807
± www.communities.gov.uk/planningbuilding/theenvironment/
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 40/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 41/62
The Survey
Equipment required for damp andcondensation surveying
Essential» Grid pad or pre-printed survey form with A4 size
grid
»
Four colour or coloured pens» Damp meter, preferably with probe and sonic
options
» Camera
Useful but non-essential» Digital humidity sensor
» Mirror
»
Car mechanic stethoscope» Compass
» Tape measure
» Binoculars/opera glasses
» Ladder or steps
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 42/62
The Survey
Diagnosing the cause of dampness
± General
± Moisture meter testing
± How to use a moisture meter
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 43/62
The Survey
Visual observation
± Rising damp
± Penetrating damp
± Cold bridging
± Lateral (penetrating) damp
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 44/62
The Survey
Establishing the problem
± Overview ± Seek information from the residents
± Include residents in the process
± Be careful about how much info you give out
First Steps ± Show I.D.
± Explain why you are there
± Ask resident to point out problems and showaffected rooms
± Begin conversational questioning
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 45/62
The Survey
Questions to Ask ± How many occupants?
± How long have you lived here?
± Has occupancy increased during that time?
± When did the problem/s start to arise?
± Does it get better or worse during certain times of
the year?
± Do neighbours have the same problem?
± What do you do to limit the effects?
± Have you had damp surveys carried out before? ± Have any remedial works been carried out
previously?
± Are there any health problems?
Make a note of the answers but do not write down any conclusions at this stage
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 46/62
The Survey
Conducting the Survey ± Complete the Property Plan
± Carry out any required testing (damp meter)
for rising or penetrating dampness through
physical defect
± Check temperature and humidity, (humidity
sensor)
± Name the rooms
± For bathrooms and kitchens look for boxed-in
pipes and tap walls to identify partitioning
and dry lined sections.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 47/62
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 48/62
The Survey
Conducting the Survey ± If damp readings in the floors are found check
for buried pipes and possible leaks(stethoscope)
± If there is a loft, access for viewing should begained (ladder, torch and mirror)
± Measure the total length, width and ceilingheight of the dwelling (tape measure) andmark them on the plan.
± If there is existing ventilation (airbricks etc.)
mark the position ± Ask the occupants to activate any extractor
fans
You should now have a detailed plan of the dwelling and its condition, enabling
you to arrive at a conclusion as to what the problems are or why the problems
are arising. This in turn should now direct you to the solution and thespecification.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 49/62
The Report
On Site Report Contains the grid on which the plan is
drawn
I
s a memory aid Contains information about the building
fabric and possible installation problems
Contains humidity readings, weathertype, window type etc.
Is a site and risk assessment for installers Is the template on which the official
report is based
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 50/62
The Report
Typed Report The official version of the problems,
findings & solutions
Is a reminder of the obligations of thelandlord to their tenant (in the standardtemplate notes)
Is a formal quotation, personal protectionand contains the terms and conditions of
the contract Landlords whether private, council or
housing association cannot raise orderswithout one.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 51/62
Products
&Specification
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 52/62
Alternative Products«
Mould Cleaning
Anti Mould Paints
Anti Mould Chemicals
Changing the internal decor will not reduce the humidity levels that
caused the fungus to grow.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 53/62
Dry Lining
Insulation
Alternative Products«
UValues will rise
Wont eradicate condensation &
mould
Improves thermal values but is
permeable
Interstitial condensation will
cause Dry lining to become
saturated
Conditions can develop behind the surfaces in which mildew, mould
and wood rotting fungi such as dry rot and wet rot can develop and
thrive.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 54/62
Passive Ventilation
Alternative Products«
Relatively expensive to install
No energy efficiency benefits
Can create draughts Reduces Internal Temperatures
Creates Dew Point
Passive ventilation plays no part in the current Government policy of
reducing emissions through energy efficiency.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 55/62
Dehumidifiers
Alternative Products«
Should be plumbed in permanently
Noisy & expensive to run
Doesnt bring in fresh air
Ideally needs to run continuously
Cannot deal with stagnant air pockets
The 24 hour capacity of a domestic unit is approximately 9 litres, well
below the average family unit moisture production rate of 10 to 14
litres a day.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 56/62
Double Glazing
Alternative Products«
Improves thermal barrier but
Internal Conditions still reach
dew pointMould still forms on Frames
Double glazing simply seals in the moisture; hence it is likely to make
condensation problems worse elsewhere.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 57/62
Conventional Extractor Fans
Alternative Products«
Generally sited in wet areas
Air must be replaced at same rate as
extraction Most set to boost between 65% & 80%
R.H.
The biggest argument against conventional extract fans is that they
consume energy to exhaust energy in the form of heat.
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 58/62
Input Ventilators
Alternative Products«
The chill factor, particularly in damp, poorly heated dwellings may
force occupants on low incomes into fuel poverty.
Frequently used in social housing
Continuous supply of fresh air 24 hrs per
day
Creates constant air changes
Can impact on heating costs
Possible chill factor
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 59/62
Products
How does Heat Recovery Ventilation
Work?
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 60/62
Products & Specification
Kair 150
(Loft Unit)
± Generally specified for private homeowners.
± Loft sited positive pressure system designedto introduce fresh air at ceiling level in astairwell.
± Input air can be further tempered if there is
an airing cupboard on the landing. ± A whole house solution where there is
already working extract ventilation in kitchenand bathrooms (if not use HRV150).
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 61/62
Products & Specification
Kair HRVF 100
± Ducted system for small flats or larger
properties as part of a Hybrid installation withHRV150.
± Four input / extract points only.
± Suitable for extracting from kitchen and
bathroom and supplying to one or two central
points. ± Alternatively extracting from three dry areas
(bedrooms) and supplying to one
8/9/2019 Kair Ventilation - Condensation Control
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kair-ventilation-condensation-control 62/62