K: Plantae = The Land Plants
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Transcript of K: Plantae = The Land Plants
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K: Plantae = The Land Plants
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What is a plant?
Multicellular autotroph?
With complex tissues?
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And blue pigment, phycocyanin
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From green algae - early clues
Chlorophylls
Carotenoids & other pigments
Starch
Cellulose
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Alternation of generation
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From Charophycean green algae
1. rosette terminal complexes (RTCs) in plasma membrane for making cellulose
2. Special peroxisomal enzymes for toxic oxygen products
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chlorophytes charophytes/land plants
From Charophycean green algae
3. Type of flagellar root base
4. phragmoplasts (for cytokinesis)
(4 bundles)
microtubulesmicrotubules
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Charophycean algae
retain zygote
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Alternation of generation
mitosis
mitosis
mitosis
mitosis
mitosis
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Walled spores made in sporangium/ia
Gametes made in gametangium/ia
Male: antheridium/ia
Female: archegonium/ia
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Apical meristems 33-6
33-7
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Non-vascular plants
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Moss life cycle
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Plants (gametophytes) can be
hermaphroditic/bisexual
monoecious
dioecious
Plants (sporophytes) can be
homosporous
heterosporous
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Cuticle with flavonoids
Rhizoids
Air pore
Major innovations
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P: Bryophyta = mosses
Sphagnum
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P: Hepatophyta = liverworts
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P: Anthocerophyta = hornworts
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Seedless vascular plants
xylem
phloem
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P: Lycopodiophyta
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stems
rhizoids
Early vascular plant (fossil): Rhynia
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First leaves
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P: Lycopodiophyta
Lycopodium = ground pine/cedar
homosporous
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Selaginella = spike moss
heterosporous
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heterosporous too
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P: Pteridophyta = ferns
Azolla = mosquito fern
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Fern life cycle
indusium
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Innovations/ changes
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“Big” leaves
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croziers = fiddleheads
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Horsetails = scouring rushes