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IIieBHKOß) HBJIHeTCH nepe^OBblM, C03HaTejIbHbIM, 0 praHH30B3HHbiM otphäom paßoqero Kviacca Hawefi CTpaHbl, I10JIHTHlieCKHM BOJKiieM Bcex TpyAHLUHXCHCCCP.

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ho häSt no nyTH, yKa3aHHOMy napTHefi 6 ojibiueBH- kob, OKpy>KaeT ee 6e3rpaHHHHOH jnoöoBbio. llap - thh no^b3yeTCH b Hapo^e rpoMa^HbiM aBTopHTeTOM. 3 to nc>TOMy, qro napTHH JleHHHa — Cia jinna ne HMeeT Apyrnx HHTepecoB, KpoMe HHTepecoB Hapoaa.

B cboh pH^bi napTHH npHHHMaeT Hanöojiee ne- peAOBbix, HaHÖojiee co3HaTejibHbix jhoäch H3 pa-

öcmero Kjiacca, KpecTbHHcrBa h cobctckoh HHTe*!*

jinreiiuHH. HapTHfl npeAi>Hb'.ineT BbicoKHe Tpe6 o-

bshhh ko BceM >Ke.jiaioinHM BCTynHTb b ee pHßbl,

CTporo npoBepnn enoeoÖHoeTb h npHro^HOCTb Ka>K-

Aoro BCTynaiomero 6bHb HjieHOM öojibweBHCTCKOil

f. IÜHTapea

naprHH. O a h h h h3 ßa>KHejiiiiHx cpenCTB raKOil

npoßepKH h cepbesHoro HcnbrraHHs hb^ ic h Kam-

ÄHAaTCKHfi CTa>K, KOTopbift npoxo^HT Bce BCTV-

n a i o m n e b pHAbi öojibiueBHCTCKOH n a p T H H

I

KaH^HÄarcKHH CTa>K äjih BCTynaiomHx b öojib-

ineBHCTCKyio napTHio 6biJi ycTaHOBJieH Ha VIII Bce-

POCCHHCKOH napTHHHOH KOH(|)epeHUHH, KOTOpaH CO-

CTOHJiacb b Hiaqajie ÄeKaöpn 1919 rofla. XI o 3Toro

Ka>KÄbifi, kto Äejiaji BCTymHTb b Hamy napTHio h

Karo napTHH npn3naBa.na aoctohhum öbiTb b ee

pHâx, npHHHMajicH cpa3y b MjieHbi napTHH.

ycTaß. PKn(6)— Haina napTHH Torâ em e Ha3bi-

Bajiacb Pocchhckoh KoMMyHHCTHHecKoft n ap raeÄ

(ÖOJlbUieBHKOB),— npHlHHTblH VIII napTHH-HOH KOH(f)e-

peHUHefi,'B-nepBbie coßepjKaji yKa3a-HHe Ha to, hto

HOBbie HJieHbl npHHIHMaiOTCH H3 MHCJia KaHßiHßaTOB.

Pa3Äeji « O Kan^HjuaTax b tuieubi napTHH» o n p e a e -

jihji Ha3HaqeHHe h cpoKH KaH^HÄaTCKoro CTawa,

nopnôK npneMa b KaH^HâTbi h t. ä.

C qeM >«e öbijio CBH33HO BBezteuHe KaH^HâT-

CKoro CTajKa? FIoêMy napTHH npH3Ha;ia neo6xo-

ÄHMbIM yCTBHOBHTb KaH^HâTCKHH CT3JK ßJIH BCeX

BCTynaiomHx b ee pHÄbi?

4T06bI OTBeTHTb Ha 3TH BOnpOCbT, HeOÖXOJHMO

xoth 6 u kopotko cK33aTb o nojio>KeHHH mmePi

napran do h nocAe Bcjihkoh OKTHÖpbcKOH couroa-

JIHCTH4eCKOH peBOJIIOHMH H 0 TOÄ OÖCT3HOBKe, B

kotopoh npHuuiocb napTHH paßoTaTb b TeêHHe

IiepBblX Äßyx JieT CymeCTBOBSHHH COB6TCKOÖ

BJI3CTH.

# 0 peBOJUOUHH B PoCCHH nspTHH ßOJIbUieBHKOB

naxoAH^scb b rio^novibe. LI,apcKoe npaB*HTejibCTBO

2

3anpemajio jierajibnoe (oTxpwToe) cymecTBOBa»ne

Öo^biiieBHCTCKOH napTH«, npHHaÄJie>KHocTb k nevi

Kapajiacb riopeMHbiM saKîioqeHHew, ccw^koä, Ka-

Toprofi, paccTpe.naMH. floaTOMty bcio cboio paöoTy no

nojiHTHMecKOMy BoenHTaHHK) h opraHH3au,HH paöoqe-

ro o a c c a , no n < w 0T 0B K e ero k peuiHitejibHOMy urryp-

My caMOÄepjKaBHH öoJibineBHKH b«jih HejieraJibHo.

rioHHTHO, m o HJieHCTBo b 6oJibuieBHCTCKoft nap-

THH ÖblJIO CBH33HO C OnaCHOCTbK) ÄJIH 5KH3HH, C

IIOCTOHHHblM pHCKOM ßblTb CXB3qeHHbIMi H ÖpOUieHr

HbIM B TIOpbMy HJIH C0CJI3HHbIM Ha KaTOpry, H TOT,

KTO mejl B 3TO BpCMiH B napTHIO, OTMeiTIHBO C03Ha*

BaJI BCe TPVAHOCTH, CBR33HHbie C npHIia,EUieH<HOCTbIO

k 6o€boh peBOjnouHiOHHOH nspTHH paöonero KJiaCCa.

BblCOKHe TpeÖOB3HHH, KOTOpbie npe^'bHB-lJl.ia H Torâ nspTHH k BCTynsiomHM b ee paabi, cnocoö-

CTBOB3JIH TOMy, MTO B H3Uiy üiipTHK) IUJ1H, KSK npfl-

BHJ10, Te, KTO CO3HiaTej]bH0 H ÄO KOHU3 CBH3bIBaJl

CBOIO )KH3Hb C HHTepeC3MIH psÖOHerO KJI3CC3, KTO

TOTOB ÖblJI OTA3Tb BCe CBOH CHJlbl, 3H3HHH, 3 eCJlH

noTpeßyeTCH, t o h >KH3Hb ÄCJiy ocßo6o>KÄeHHfl Tpy«

ÄHWHXCH.

«JTioäh wjhh Ha Bce, höo hx BOOAymeBâjia H ê n

KOMM>yHH3Ma...

K a K uapH 3M hh 3BepcTBOBaji, KaK oh hh pacnpas-

jihjich c 6ojibUieBHK3MH, Beer,na H3 H3 pO£a, B oco-

öeHiHOCTH H3 paöcmero KJtacca, bwxoähjth Bce HOBbie

H HOBbie ÖOpUbl, BCTynSBIIIHe B KOMMyHHCTHêCKyiO

nSpTHIO, He CTpsmaCb TpyAHOCTH 6 opb6 w, He CTp3*

mach noTepH co6crBeHHofi >kh3hh bo hmh Wien, bo

hmh noöe^bi xejia H spoâ»

B 3THX yCÔBHHX BbipOCJia H 3aK3JIHJiaCb Ta

rpynna npoêccHOHajibHbix peBOjiiounoHepoß bo

1 KaAimmi, O napTHÜHO-MaccoBoft paGore, rocno;mT- H3AaT, 1944, CTp, 16.

1* 3

rjiaBe c JlemiHbiM h CTajimibiM, KOTopaa cocTa-

BJIHJia OCHOBHOe HÄPO ÖOJlbUieBHCTCKOH n a pTH h na

npoTH>KeEHH ee n o m « 15:jieTHeß noAnojibHon ß.en-

Te.lbHOCTH H KOTOpyK) JleHHH BnOOJieACTBHH Ha3Baji

«CTapofl napTHßnoH rBapAHeß».

5?pKoe npeAcraBJieuHe o tom, KaKOH thfi peBOJiio- UHOnepa-öojibiueBHKa, noßnojibuuHKa BOcnHTbiBajia

h BbipamHBajia Hauia napTHH, aaeT Bbm,ep>KKa H3

AHeBHHKa OÄHOrO H3 Öoeßbix COpaTHHKOB JleHHHa H

CiajiHHa, KpHcrajibHOH mhctoth qejiOBeKa, nepBoro

npeÄceziaTejiH BMK 4>. 3 . ZUepwHHCKoro. 3aiuiio-

MeHHbiö uapcKHM npaBHTejibCTBOM b Tio.pbMy nocjie

nopa>KeHHH peßojiiouHH 1905 ro^a, Haxo^ncb b

o/ihho^hoh KaMepe, onopBaHHbiH ot Äpy3efi h 6jih3-

KHX, ü,3epjKMHCKHH nncaji B CBOeM ^HeBHHKe:

«3,necb, b TiopbMe, q a d o öbmaeT thäcjto, no

BpeMeHaM flaxce cTpaiuiio... H tcm He Menee, ecjw

6w MHe npeACTOHjio HanaTb >KH3iib cbi3H0Ba, h na- naji 6bi TaK, KaK Haqaji. H He no AOJiry, He no

o6a3annocTH. 3 to äjih MeHH — opraHHqecKan ne-

OÖXOÄHMOCTb.

TiopbMa. CAejiajia m n b K o t o , m to Äejio erajio äjih

MeHH qeM-TO omyTHMbiM, peajibHbiM, KaK a ^ h MaTepn

peöeHOK, bcj<opMiJieh h bifi n;i0Tbj0 ee h KpoBbio»

B 3thx cjiOBax «pKQ BbipaweHa >Kejie3HaH bojih,

6e33a.BeTHaH npe^aHHoerrb Ae^y napTHH npotpec-

CHOHajia-peBOjHOUHOHepa.

Tot, kto rneji b to BpeMH b napraio, npenpacno

C03HaBa.l BejIHKHe TpyßHOCTH peBOJIIOUHOHHOH

6opb6bI, OTqeTJIHBiO nOHHM3JI BCe OnaCHOCTH, CBH-

3aHHbie c BCTyn'vieHHe.M b öojibineBHCTCKyio nap-

THK), 3HajI. HTO OH pHCKyeT BCeM: ceMbÖH, >KH3HbK).

B 3TOM öbijia rapaHTHH o t npoHHKiioBeHHH b napiHio

ueco3HaTejibHbix h neycTOMHHBbix JiioßeH. 3 t o 6wjio

1 >Kypnaji <<napTiiönoe CTp0HTejibCTB0>> JV° 23—24 3a 1940 r.

4

b H 3BecTHoft M epe eciecTBeHHbiM 3 ajioroM Tuepiio-

CTH H MHCTOTbl pH ^OB ÖOJIblUeBHCTCKOH napTH H , 9TOÖ

KpenocTU , no Bbipawennio T O B ap m u a CTajiHHa,

£ BepH KOTOpOH OTKpblBaiOTCH JIHIUb AJIVI ÄOCTOHHblX.

riocjie OKTHÖpbCKOH peBOjnomiH napTHH öojibine-

bhkob CTajia He TOjibKO JierajibHoö, ho h npaBHine#,

cflHiicTBeHHOH nojiHTHMecKOH napTiien b CTpaHe.

riOAHHB paßo^HX H ÖeAHeHULiee KpeCTbHHCTBO Ha

counajiHCTHiiecKyio peBOJiiounio, napTim oöecneqH.na

noße^y peBOjnouHH h crajia y BaacrM. Hapn/iy c

weCTHblMH COBeTCKHMH JIIOÄbMH, KOTOpbie IUHH B

napTHIO, MTOÖbl B ÖOpbÖe C BHyTpeHHHMH H BHeui-

hhmh 'BparaMH oTCTaHBaTb MOJiOAoe CoßeTCKoe ro-

cyÄapcTBO, b napTHio ycTpeM H/iHCb My)KÄbie ajie-

MeHTbl, HCKaBlUHe BbirOÄbl OT npHHa^Jie/KHOCTH k

npaBHiuefl napTHH, h TaKHe jhoäii, KOTopbie npn

hhjihmhh b CTpaHe MejiKo6yp>Kya3Hbix h 6yp>Kya3-

Hbix napTHH MorjiH 6bi 0Ka3aTbcn b hx jiarepe.

FIoHBHJiacb cepbe3Han onacHoeTb npoBHKHOBeHHH

b pnßbi napTHH jiiofleii cjiyqanHbix, He äoctohhmx

BbIC0K0r0 3B3HHH KOMMyHHCTa.

flapTHH He Morjia He ynHTbiBaTb Bcex onacno-

CTeft, CBH3aHHtix c HanjibiBOM b ee pHÄbi HeycroH-

MHBblX, CJIVMaHHblX, a TO H np H M O qy>KÄbix sjic-

m chtob. B nepßbie Äßa ro,na cym ecT BO B aH H H cobct-

ckoh ßjiaCTH ycjioBHH h nop H Ä OK n p n e M a B napTHK)

0CTaBajiHCb npejKHHMH . M ojioß aH C o B eT C K an pec-

nyöjiHKa. b CMeprejibHOH c x B ara e c CHJiaMH kohtp-

peB0Jii0 u.HH OTCTaiiBajia BejiHKHe 3 aBoeBaHH H Ok-

THÖpn. He ycneBajiai OHa p a 3ÖHTb ©para Ha oähom.

t|)poHTe, KaK B03HHKaji Äpyroft 4>poHT, noK a BCH

CTpana He oKasajiacb ib o n ie im o M KOJibue, OKpy-

>KeHHan co Bcex CTopon B paraM H , peiu^BiuHM H 3 a-

AVUiHTb nepßoe b Miipe Coß eTCK oe rocyziapcTBO'.

B 3THX yCJIOBHHX napTHH COCpeÄOTOHHJia Bce

cps)H ciijibi Ha oöopoHe coseTCKOH pecnyÖJiHKH,

2 r. LUHrapeB 5

OHa npoBOAHJia napTHHHbie Mo(5HJiH3auHH, 6bicTpo

oöyqajia BoeHnoMy Aejiy cboh KaApw h öpocajia hx

fta (})pomT. H epe^KH ßbuiH cjiyqaH, KorAa Ha (|)poHT

b MHHyTy caMoö ocipoft onacHocTH yxoAHAH ue-

Jibie napTHHHbie opraHH3au'HH. Bce 6bv\o noA1™*

ne ho QCHOBHoß h rjiaBHofi 3aAaqe — oöopone

Crpaubi CoBeioB. B ato cypoBoe h reponqecKoe

BpeMH npe^aHHocTb, HAefiHocib q/iena napTHH npo-

Bepajiacb b 6ohx 3a cymecrBOBaune MOJiOAofi co- BercKOH BJiacTH. O t Ka>KAoro BCTynaiomero b ee

paAbi napTHH TpeÖ0Ba;ia caMofi 9HeprH*iHofi paÖoTbi,

npejKAe Bcero b uejie BOopysceHHofl 3amHTbi Co-

BeTCKOÖ pecnyßjlHKH. IlOHflTHO, 4TO B TaKoff 06-

daHOBKe TOJibKo jiymuHe, nepejuoBbie jiioah H3 pa-ÖOqiHX, KpeCTbHH H HHTeJIJIHreHUHH LUJ1H B IiapTHlO.

K KOHuy 1919 roAa b rpaxcAawcKoft b o h h c Ha- crynnji KQpeHHofl nepe^OM. Äbho oöo3HaqHJica pa3-

rpOM OCHOBHblX CHA BHyTpeHHeß H MeJKAynapOAHOH

KOHTppeBO.lIOUHH, ÖpOHieHHMX npOTHB CoaeTCKOH

pecnyÖJiHKH. BejiorBapAeftcKiie apMimi ÄeHHKHHa

CTpeMüTejibHO oTCTynajiH o t TyAbi, apMHH K)Ae-

HHqa — ot üeTporpaAa. H TorAa napraH, cjieAya

yK33aiiHHM JleHHHa, npHHHJia pHA Mep k t o m % qTO-

6bi npeAynpeAHTb npoHHKHOBeHHe b napTHio HeAO-

CTOHHblX H HeyCTOHqHBblX JllOAefi. riapTHH nOBbl-

CHJia TpeöoBaTejibHOCTb k BCTynaiomHM b ee pHAbi.

BßeAeHHe KaHÄHAarcKoro cTan<a 6bu/io KpyrmeH>

iueft opraHH3auHOHHOH Mepofl napTHH, HanpaBJieH-

h o ö k oßecneqeHHio npneMa b paAbi napTHH TOJib-

ko nepeAOBbix, co3HaTejibHbix h npoßepeHHbix jik>-

Aefi h 3 paßoqHX, KpecTbHH h TpyAOBOH hhtcjijih-

reHUHH.3 t o t o nypaAKa npn npneMe h o b h x qjieHOB nap-

^THH HeH3MeHHO npHA^p>KHBaeTCH B TeqeHHC 25 AßT

CBoew AesiTejibHocTH nocjie yciaHOBJieHHH c o b c t -

CKOft BAaCTH.

6

3 a 3to BpeMn y c ia B BKn(6) noABepra/icn 0 6 -

cyÂeHHio h H3MeHeHHK> iua pane napTHÄHbix CT>e3* äod. H3MeHHjica h pa3Aeji ycTaßa o KanÄHâTax b HJieirw napTHH. B Ä eficrB y io iueM ' HhiHe ycT a ß e

BKF1(6), npHHJiTOM XVIII napraftHbiM cêsôM,

3XOT pa3êji rjiaciHT:

«Bce Jimxa, Ä&naiOLUHe BCTynuTb b napt.Hio,

iipoxo^fir KaiiAHâTCKHii cTaJK, HeoöxozuiMbift ÄJin

Toro, HTOöbi 03H3K0MHTbCH Kan;umaTy c nporpaM-

moft, ycTapoM, TaKTHKoft napTHH h oÖecne^HTb

napropraHH3au>HH npoeepKy Jimmbix fraqectb KaH-

ÄHâra.

...n o p H A O K npneM a b KaHAHÄä'rt»! (HHAHBHAyajib-

Hbifi npHeM, npeÄCTaBjieHHe peKOMOHAaiiHH h h x

npoßepKa, peweHine nepBHHHoii opraHHâuHH 0 npneMe h ero yTBepjKaeiwe) coBepmeHHo t o t ace,

m o npH npHSwe b »uieHbi -napTHH. j

...KaHAHAaTCKHft ciaac ycTanaBJnmaeTCH c p o k o m b

o ä h h t o a .

...KaHAHjxaTbi b HJieHbi napTHH npHHHMaiOT yâ-

CTHe Ha COÖpaHHHX TOH O praH H 3 aUHH, B KOTOpOH

ohh coctoht, c npaBOM cOBemaTejibHoro rc u o c a .

...KaHAHAaTbl B MJieHbl napTHH njiaTHT OÖbUJHbiÜ

qêHCK*HH B3HOC B Kaccy MecTHoro napTHÖHoro ko-

MHT6T3».

II

TaKHM 0 Öpa30M, «asHaueHHe KaH^H/iaTCKoro

CTa>Ka, KaK 3toHBCTByeT H3 ycTaßa B K n ( 6 ),co-

ctoht npe^KAe Bcero b t o m , *rro6 bi 3a BpeMH fipo*

xo^.aenHH cTa>Ka KaHÄHßaT 03HaK0MHJicn c npo-

rpaMMOfi, yCTÜBOM H TaKTHKOH napTHH.

riepBbiM yc;ioBHeM qjieHCTBa b napTHH miaercn

npusHCiHue npo<rpaMMbi napTHH, H3jiaraK>meft ee

2* 7

ßjiHJKaiuiiHe h KOHe^Hbie uejin, k .nocTHJKeHHio ko*

TOpblX CTpeMHTCH napTHa.

BojibuieBHCTCKan n a p T H H e c T b n a p T H H 6opb6bi, napTHH, K O T o p a n ne m a b K o n p 0B 03rjiamaeT kohcm-

Hbi^ uejiH, h o h Ö o p e T C H 3a h x ocymecTBJieHHe:

«3HaqHT, kto x o q e T ßbiTb HjieHOM Hauieft nap

THH, nacaji T O B a p n m Ctsjihh e m e b 1905 roAy,-1-

T O T He M OJKeT AOBO J I b C T B O B a T b C H n p H H H T H e M npO-

rpaMMHblX, T3KTHHeCKHX H OpraHH3aUHOHHbIX B3 IV1H-

ä o b warnen n a p T H H h Aonyaen iB3H T b c n 3a o c y w e c T -

BjieHHe 3t h x B3FJIHÄOB, 3a npoße,neHHe H X ß

« fO H b »1.

3 t o TpeöoBaHHe 3aKpenjieH0 b ycTaBe BKn{6):

«criapTHH rpeöyeT ot cbohx qjieHOB aKTHBHoft h

caMOOTBepJKeHHOÄ paöoTbi no ocymecTBJieHHio

nporpaMM'bi h ycTaßa napTHH, BbinoJiHeHHio Bcex

pemeHHß napTHH h ee opraHOB».

Htoöm aK W B H o ÖopoTbCH 3a ocymecTBêHHe

B3rjiHÄ0ß napTHH, naô hcho co3HaßaTb, 3a mto

ßopeTCH napTHH.

I7'pejlCTaBHM ceße KOMM'yHHCTS, KOTOpblH HCKpeHH'e

xö'ieT 6biTb no.ne3HbiM napTHH, yqacTBOßaTb b

ee 6opb6e, ho He 3Haer ueêß h 33ä3*i, Koropbie

CT3BHT nepeA COÖOH napTHH. Po/Ib TaKOrO KOMMy-

HHCTa HeH36eH<H0 6y.neT maccHBHoß, oh He cmojkct

Ö.jfifylHQ# Mepe H C MaKCHMajlbHOH n0Jlb30H pa6o-

TaTb ääh aejia napran. Oähmm cjiobom, HeôcTa-

TOMHO ÖblTb CepÛeM 3a TI3pTHK>, HaÄO ÖblTb 3a

napTHK) H C03H3HHeM. flCHOe C03H3HHe TOTO, *ITO

ßopeiübCH 33 K0MMyHH3M, 3a cqacTJiHßoe öy/iymee

JIIOAefi, yMHO>K3eT CHJIbl.

Ecjih nporp3MM>a onpeêjineT KOHe^Hbie uejin h

OÖlUHe 3a£3HH n3pTHH, TO yCTaB — (J)OpMbI Op-

1 «Jlenitu h CrajwH o napTHfiHOM crpoHTejibCTBei», t, I, rocnoJiHTH3aaT, 1941, CTp. 469.

8

raHH3ai;HH. Ycraß — sto ochobhoh 33koh napTHH.'

B h§m roßopincH, hto Tanoe napTHH, kto m oäct

öbiTb »uieHOM naprHH, KaK ctpohtch napTHHHbie op-

raHH3aUHH, KaKOBbI B3aHM>OOTHlOUjeHHH Me>KAy HHM'H

h t. a. ycTaa H3âraer nopHAOK npneMa b KaHAH-

AaTbi h b qjieHbi napTHH, npaBa qjieHOB napTH'.i,

HX OÖH3aHHOCTH.

B ycTaBe t o b o p h t c h o Mepax B3bicKaHnß, npHMe-

naeMbix napTHefi b OTHOiueHHH c b o h x opraHH3auHH

h qêHOB, HapyiuaiomHx napTHÖHyio AHCUHiuiHHy.

H a CTpo>KaHiiieM coÖ-moAeniHH ycTaßa, BbinoAHe-

h h h Bcex ero TpeöoBaHHH ocHOBbiBaeTCn a h c u h -

njiHHa b napTHH. Hapym eHHe ycTaßa ecTb Hapyme-

HHe TpeÖOBaHHH 0 CCMÖAIOAeHHH napTHHHIOH AHCUlH-

HJIHHbl. SHa^HT, qTOÖbl BbinOJIHHTb yCTaB, pyKOBOA- CTBOBaTbCH B CBOeft ACHTejIbHOCTH ero TpeÖOBaHiH-

HMH, KaHAHAaT AOA>KeH ÖblTb 3H3KOM C yCTaBOM, Q

nop«AKaMH, KOTopbie ycTaHOBJieHbi b napTHH.

Bo3bMeM TaKoft npocTOH npHMiep. YcTaß Tpeöyer,

MTOÖbl HJieHbl H K3 HAH A3 Tbl ' napTHH OKGMeCHMHO

ynjiaHHBajiH napTHHHbie b3hocm h noceinajw nap-

THftHbie coßpaHHH. 3 t o — sjieMeHTapHoe Tpeöoßa-

HHe, caMO coöoh pa3yMeiomeecH h nocTeneHHO, no

Mepe ripeßbiBaHHH qejioßeKa b .napnHH, npeBpamaio-

meecH o iipHBbmKy. Ho HepeAKo KaHAHAaT, moao*

aoh naprHH, He 3HaeT sthx TpeßoBaHHH h Ha-

pyina^T ycTaß: HecßoeßpeMeHHo yryiaHHBaeT qAen-

CKne ^3HÖcbi, Hepery;mp,Ho nocemaeT napTHHHbie

coöpaHHH h t . a . HHorAa KaHAHAaT paccy>KAaeT

T3KHM o6pa3C>Mi: «Hy, noAyMaeuib, Kaxan Ba>KHOCTb,

m o h HecBoeBpeMteHHo ynjiaTHJi B3«ocbi, He noce-

THJI OAHO-ABa COÖpaHHH, BeAb B KOMLie KOHUOB H

>K6 H B3HOCbI 33nA3THA H Ha COÖpaHHe npHIIieA».

TaKOMy KaHAHAaiy hjih qjieHy napTHH oêHb no-

Ae3HIO 3H3'Tb H 33nOMHHTb CJieAyKMUHft TiyHKT yCTaBa,

b k o t o p o m CKa3aHo: «HîeHbi napTHH h KaHArf*

9

Rü t h , b TeqeHHe Tpex MecnueB He yruiaTHBiiiHe

6es yßa>KHTejibHbix npnqHH qjieHCKHx b3hocob, chh-

TSiOTCH BblÖbJBIIIHMH H3 napTHH...»

FIoqeMy napTHH rax crasHT Bonpoc, Ka3 aJiocb’

6w, o HeÖojibinoM' npocTynice, coBepuiaeMQM kom*

MiyH'HCTOM? Xoporno no aTOMiy noBo^y cKa3aJi

M . H . Ka^HHHH b CBoefi peqn, oöpameHnoft k nap-

THHWblM pa^OTHHKaM 'MoCKBbi:

«B h camh noHHMaeTe, qTO ecjiH npocpoqHTb

B3HOCbI B papTHK) Ha M€CfJU H ÄBa, ÄJIH napTHH

9to cym ecföeH iHoro 3HaqeHHH «M en » ne ßy^eT, o t sroro eö AeHeHCHan Kacca He nocTpa,naeT. Hama

r.- napriiH — Tenepb He ße^Han napTHH... H e b stom Äe-no. A ac jio b tom, qTO ecjiH bw He bhochtö napTHÖHblX B3HOCOB CBOeBpeMeHHO, TO 3T0 3H3MHT,

HTO Bbl HG ÄyM'aeTe 0 napTHH, qTO Bbl K napTHÖHblM

oÖHsaHHocfHM OTHocHTecb cnycTH pyKaBa. T o t me,

KTO « napTHflHblMi OÖH3aHHOCTHM, fla eine K T3XHM

npocTbiM, CTporo 0praHH3auH0HHbiM, Kax BHeceHHe

napTHHHblX B3HOCOB, OTHOCHTCH T3KHM 0Öpa30M,—

y ro ro , 3HaqHT, napTHH » e ch ^h t rjiyöoKp. Be^b t o t , k to ÄyMaeT o napTHH, äjih Toro BHeceHHe napTHÖHblX 63HOCOB — yflOBOJIbCTBHe, nOTOMy qTO

3THM OH K3K 6bl •yCTaHaBJTHBaeT M3TepHaJIbHyiO

CBH3b C TiapTHefi, K3K ÖyflTO 6bl K Heft npHKa-

oaeTCH»1.

0 3 H3KOMuieHHe KaHÄHÄaTa c ycTaaoM napTHH,

SHamie e ro ocuoBHbix no;io>KeHHS HMeeT h flp yry io ciröpoHy — omo HeoöxoÄHMoe ycjioBHe 3 kthbhoh,

njiOÄOTßopHoft .neHTejibHocTH KaHflHÄsra b nepHOÄ

npoxo^ÄßHiHH KSH^HflaTCKoro CTa>K3 . Bce 0ÖH3aH- hocth qjieHOB napTHH, oöycjiOB/ieHHbie ycTaBOM», b

nojinoH Mepe othochtch h k K 3 hähä3T3 m b qjieHbi

1 Küauuuh, HecK0JibK0 cjiob o nponaranae h aniTaumi, rocnoJiHTH3AaT, 1944, CTp. 11— 12.

10

napTHH. TaK w<e KaK h q/ien napTHH, KaHAHAaT

o^H3nn:

«a) neycTanHO paßoTaTb naA noBbiiuemieM cßoen

C03HaTeJlbH0CTH, H3A ycßoenHeM OCHOB MapKOH3M3-

jieHHHH3\iia;

6) co6.iK>AaTb CTpojKanme napTHHHyfo AHCijHn-

JIHHy, aKTHBHO yMaCTBOBaTb B nOJIHTHHeCKOH >KH3HH

napTHH h dpaHbi, npoBOAHTb Ha npaKTHKe nojni-

THKy napTHH h peuiewHH napTHHtibix opranoß;

b) ßbirb 0Öpa3U0M coö/noAeHHH TpyAOßOH h ro-

CyAapCTBeHHOH AHCUHnJIHHbl, OBâAeBaTb TeXHHKOH

CBoero Aeâ, nenpepbiBHo noBbimaa c b o io npOH3-

BOACTB€HHyiO, AeJlOByiO KBa,lH4)HKaUHK);

r) n0BceAHeBH0 yKpenAHTb CBH3b c MaccaMH,

CB0eBpeM>eHH0 OTKJiHKaTbca Ha 3anpocbi h Hy>KAbi

TpyA«UU,HXCH, pa31>HCHHTb ßeCnapTHHHblM MßCCaM

CMbIC.fi nOAHTHKH h petueuHH napTHH».

JXOJIJKGH JIH 3HaTb KaHAHAaT 3TH OÖH3aHHOCTH?

OÖH3aTeJlbHO, HÖO OH AOJI>KeH HMH pyKOBOACTBO-

BaTbCH b cßoen noßceAHeBHoft npsKTHqecKofi pa-

6oie .

napTHH HMeeT CBOIO COÖCTBeHHyiO TaKTHXy, T. e.

cnocoöbi, npneMbi ßopbßbi 3a AocTHJKeHHe naMeqen-

Hbix uejieß h ocymecTBêHHe nocTaßjiemHbix 3aAaq.

TaKTHKa napTHH pa3;iHqHa Ha pa3Hbix aTanax Aen-

TeÎbHOCTH, 0H3 33BHCHT OT TOH KOHKpCTHOH OßCTa-

HOBKH, B KOTOpOH napTHH npHXOAHTCH AefiCTBOB3Tb.'

Gßoe BbipaêuHe 0 Ha h ö x o a h t b peuieuHnx h upH«

3bißax napTHH, b npoaeAeHHH pa3AHqHbix opra«H3a-

UHOHlHblX H nOvlHTHqeCKHX MeponpHHTHH. KaHAH-

AaTbi b q/ieHbi naprHH a o j ij k h m ßbiTb 3H3kom im c

TaKTHKofl napTHH, qTOÖbi 3HaTb, kük napTHH ßopeT-

c h 3a BbinojineHHe oqepeAHbix 3aAaq.

O3H3K0MjieHHe c nporpaMMofi h ycTaßOM nap

THH— 9t o Te neoßxoAHMbie Tpcßoß3HHH b oßjiacTH

noJiHTHqecKoß noAroTOBKH, KOTopbie npeATiHB-

11

ithiotch KaiiÄHÄary 3a bpgmh npoxo>K;ieHHH ksn-

ÄHâTCKoro cTa>Ka. 3 to to, 6e3 qero KaH.a,H#aT

napTHH ne mojkct cqnraTb ceön n0Är0T0B.JieHHbito k

BCTynjienHio b qjieHM napTHH, a napTHH He M ow er

CMHTarb B03M0>KHbIM npHHHTb KaHßHÄaTa B q/ieubl

napTHH.KaKHM ?Ke 06pa30M Kan/tHâT m o j k o t 03HaK0-

MHTbCH c nporpaMMOH h ycTaBOM napTHH?

B o M H O r H X napTHHHblX opraHH3an,HHX C03ÄaF0TCH

cnen.HajibHbie Kpy>KKH n o H 3yqeHHK) nporpaMMbi h

ycTa'Ba napTHH. O h h paccqHTaHbi n p e H M y m e c T B e H i i o

H a T ex TOBapHineft, K 0T0pbie H e ß o c T a T o q u o no/iro-

TOBJieHbl K TOMy, qTOÖbl C a M O C T O H T e J I b H O p a 30- 6 p a T b C H b o Bcex Bonpocax, C B H 3aHHbix c H3yqe-

HHeM nporpaMMbi h ycTaBa. Te >Ke TOBapnmH, koto-

pbie HMeiOT HaBbIKH C a M O C T O H T e j I b H O r O H T e H H H II

HeKOTOpbie nojiHTHqecKHe 3HaHHH, M O i y r 03HaK0- M H T b C H c. nporpaMMOH h y c T a B O M b n o p H Ä K e caMO-

CTOHTeJlbHOH paÖOTbl, K O H C y J I bTHpyHCb BCHKHft p a 3, K o r a a BCTpeqaioTCH Te hjih HHbie He n o H H T H b i e

Bonpocbi, 'v c e K p e T a p H n a p T 0p r a H H 3au,HH, b napT-

KaßuHe're, y n p o n a r a H A H C T O B h npocro y HsnßüJiee^

rpaMOTHblX B n O J I H T H H e C K O M O T H O U i e H H H qjieHOB

napTHH. H e 3a B H C H M O ot Toro, b K p y > K K e hjih ca- MOCTOHTejIbHO K 3H Ä H Ä a T 3H 3K 0M H T C H C n p O T p a M M O H

h y c T a B O M , cjieflyeT n o c e m a T b jickuhh, o p r a H H 3ye- Mbie äjih KaH/umaTOB no BonpocaM nporpaMMbi h

y c T a B a napTHH. JIckuhh noMoryT KaH/iHnaTy jiyqwe

y C B O H T b BCe, qTO C B H 33H O C H 3y q e H H C M 3THX B 3>K- HeHLUHX n S p T H H H b l X flOKyMCHTOB.

K a K K3HAHÄ3T ÄOJDKeH nOÄXOflHTb K 03HaK0MJie-

HHKD C nporpaMMOH, yCT3B0M H TaKTHKOH napTHH?

C a w o e rjiaBiioe 33Kjnoq3eTCH b tom, qToßbi Henoji-

XOÄHTb K H3yqeHHIO ÄCVKyMeHTOB napTHH nO*KHH>K-

HOMy, He BHêTb cboio uejib b tom, qroöbi bu-

yqHTb naH3ycTb, 333y6pHTb cooTBeTCTByiouiHe pa3-

12

ACJibi, nyHKTbi h nojio>KeHHH ycTaßa h nporpaMMbi

napTHH.

KoneMHO, Ba>KHO 3IiaTb OCHOBHbie nOJlOJKeHHJl

nporpaMMbi, ycTaßa. Ho cyTb coctoht b tom, h t o -

6bl yCBOHTb, nOHHTb, 0C03HaTb CymCCTBO 9THX ao-

KyM eHTOB II pyKOBOÄCTBOBaTbCH nOJIO>KeHHHMH H

TpeöoBaHHHMH y c r a ß a b cßoefi noBceAHeBHoß

JKH3HH H paÖOTe.

napTHH Hy>KHbr He Haqem HKH, KOTOpbie MOryT

HaH3ycTb, cjiobo b cjiobo, nyiiKT b nyHKT nepe-

Aarc> tot hjih hhoh napTHHHbin AOKyMeHT, a jiioah,

yCBOHBUIH« C'OAepjKaHHe, A y x , CMbICJI OCHOBHblX

T p e ö o B a H H H n a p T H H h yMeiomne pyKOBOACTBOBaTb-

CH HMH B >KH3HH.

riapTHH TpeöyeT ot KaiiAHAaTa 03H3K0MJieHHH c

ycTaBOM, nporpaMMOH h TaKTHKoft napTHH He ajih

toto, qToßbi b MOMeHT npneMa b «JieHbi napTHH

KaHAHAaT MOT OTBeTHTb Ha Bonpoc, KTO MOJKeT

ÖblTb qJieHOM napTHH HJIH KaKOBbI OÖH3aHHOCTH

qjieHa napTHH. 3h3Komctbo c nporpaMMon h ycia-

bom HeoöxoAHMo ajih Toro, qToöbi KaHAHAaT y>Ke B

nepnoA npoxo>KAeHHH KaHAHAaTCKoro CTa>Ka co3na-

Baji uejiH h 3aAaqH napTHH, co Bceft peuiHTejibHO-

CTbio h SHeprHeft öopojicn 3a hx ocymecTBJieHiie,

npQBOAHJI HX B >KH3Hb.

M 3yqeiiHe ycTaßa, n p o r p a M M b i h T a K T H K H n a p T H H

A a e T KaiiAHAaTy M H H H M y M nojiHTiiqecKOH noAro-

t o b k h , M H H H M y M 3H 3HHH, iio’M o r a i o m H x e M y pa3ÖH-

p a T b C H ß uejiHX h 3a A a q a x napTHH, b o p r a H H 3a- U H O H H O M C T p o e H H H n apTHH, B (J)OpMaX H M C T O A 3X ßopböbi napTHH 3a o c y m e c T ß j i e H H e o q e p e A H b i x 3a- Aaq. Ho 9TOT M H H H M y M nOJIHTHqeCKHX 3H3HHH AjIH

KaiiAH A a T a ne caMouejib, a c p e A C T B O k TOMy, hto-

6bl nOAI O T O B H T b c e Ö H K 3K T H B H 0H, C03H 3TeJIbH0H

p a ß o T e b p a A a x n a p T H H .

13

KoMMynHcr — nepeßOBOH qe;iOBeK coBeicKoro

oßmecTBa, co3H3Tejibnbifl Öopeu 3a jieno napTHH

JleHHHa— CTajiHHa, 3a Ae;io iiapoAa. C03HaTe^bH0

ÖOpOTbCfl— 3TO 3HaqHT n O H H M a T b , 3a qTO Öopeuibc«,

KaKHM« nyTHMH Jiyquie acero ocymecTBHTb Ty

33Aaqy, xoTopyio ct3bht napTHH. Co3HaTejibHO 6o-

poTbCH 3a Ae/io napTHH sto 3HaqHT noHHMöTb, qio

c BCTynJiewHeM b napTHio tboh JKH3Hb, ch;i3, anep-

thh npHHiaÄJiejKaT napTHH, ee Aejiy, qTOTbi aojixcch

oTHbiHe cjiHTb bcio cboio paÖoTy c paöoToß nap*

t h h , npnaep>KHBaTbCfl ee 33K0H0B, nojioxceHHft h

TpeÖOBaHHft. T0JIbK0 TaK MOJKHO BOCnHT3Tb H3

ceÖH co3HaTe^bHoro KOMMyHHCTa, KpenKoro 6o;ib-'

meBHK3, jiJin KOToporo HHTepecbi napTHH h ee

Ae;io npeßbiuie Bcero.

III

rioBbimeHHe CBoero nojiHTHqecKoro ypOBHH, 03J

HaKOMjieHHe c nporpaMMon, ycTaBOM h t 3kthkoA napTHH — ato oAira CTopoHa jiejia. KaHAHAaTCKHil

c t 3>k, KaK CKa3aHo b ycTaBe, AOJi^eH TaK>Ke oßec*

neqHTb napTHÄHofi opraHH3auHH npoeepKy auhhöix

KmecTe Kandudara. B pe3yjibTaTe npeßbiBaHHH

TOBapHina b KanAHflaTax napTHftHan opraHH3aiiHH A0JIÄH3 yCTaHOBHTb— MOJKeT JIH OH ßblTb qjieHOM

napTHH, noK33a;i jih oh na Ae;ie, b jkh3hh, qTO

AOCTOHH .BbicoKoro 3B3HHH qjieHa napTHH, H B CO«

OTBeTCTBHH C 3THM peillHTb BOnpOC 0 npHeMe K3HJ AHAaTa b qjie»bi napTHH. BeAb KOMMyiwcT no*1

3Ha§rcH npejKAe Bcero no TOMiy, KaK oh aeficTByeT npaKTHqecKH, KaK oh yqacTByeT b ocymecTB/ieHH«

33Aaq, ctohihhx nepeA napTHefl.

JlHqiibie KaqecTBa KawAHAaTa, KaK h qjieHa nap-’ thh, b HacTonmee BpeMH npoBepHioTca npe>KA6

14

Bcero Ha tom, Ka« oh BbinojiHHeT cboh BoeHnuft

ÄOJir, wacK0JibK0 ßeccTpauiHO ÖopeTCH c BparoM Ha

(fjpOHTe, HaCKOJIbKO CaMOOTBep»(eHHO TpyÄHTCH B

Tbmy h noMoraeT napTHH h napoAy 3aßoeBaTb

nc>6eay HaA HeMeuKO-âmHCTCKHMs« 3axBaTqHKaMH.

Eo;iee BhicoKoro MepHJia äjih ouchkh KOMMyHHCTa

ceft*iac neT h ne mojkct ßbiTb.

Bciofly, rê 6 bi hh HaxoAHJicn xanAHAaT, — Ha^pOHTe HJIH B TblJiy ,— OH npH3B3H ßblTb OJIHIjeTBO*

peHHeM AHCUHnJIHHbl, CTOÖKOCTH H 0 praHH30BaHH0- CTK. Bo BCHKOe AeJIO OH AOJIJKeH BHOCHTb ÄyX Bbl* CCKOft C03HaTejIbHOCTH, ÖOJIbllieBHCTCKOll HaCTOflHH« BOCTH H 6e33aBeTHOfi rOTOBHOCTH OTA3Tb BCe cH.ibi, a ecjiH noTpeßyeTCH, to h x<H3Hb, ajih Ae.ia napTHH.

napTHH TpeöyeT ot KancAoro CBoero qjieHa, ot

Ka>KAOfo, KTO CTpeMHTCH ÖblTb HJieHOM1 napTHH,

aBanrapAHofi, nepeAOBOfl pojrn b ßopböe 3a Bbinötf-

KCHIie BOeHHblX, X03HHCTBeHHbIX H nOJIHTHêCKHX

sjxav.

Mio 3HaiHT ÖbiTb b aßanrapAe Ha (JjpOHTe?

HHCTpyKUHH KOMMyHHCTHHeCKTIM OpraHH&lUHHM»lacrefi AeücTByiomefi apM'HH, H3AaHwaH b 1919 roAy,

b caMbift pa3rap rpa>KAaHCKOH BofiHbi, Tpeöoßajia

o r KajKAoro KOMMyHHCTa:

«rioKa3bmaTb npHMep 6e33aBeTHoö xpaßpocTH h CTOHKOCTH B ÖOK), TepneHbH, BbIHOCJIHBOCTH KO

BCeM TpyAHOCTHM H JfHUieHHHM ÖOeBOfl OßCTaHOBKH.

B cjiyqae Bbi30Ba AoßpopojibueB Ha onacubie npeA*

npHHTHH— pa3BeAKa B HenpHHTeJlbCKOM TblJiy, co*

daBAeHHe yAapHofl rpyniibi h t. a.— npeAâraTb ceÖH na cawbie onacHbie nopyêHHH».

O lieHb HpKO H Bbipa3HTeJIbHO OnpeAeJIH/I MeCTO

KOMMyHHCTa Ha (J>pOHTe BejIHKOH OTeMeCTBeHHOÜ BOHHbi M . H . KaAHHHH: «BeccTpaunie b 6opb6e 3a

15

Ae.no HapoAa, acao JleHHHa— CTajiHHa — sto nep-

Befiuiee KaqecTBO KOMMyHHCTa. Ecjih oh BouieJi b

napTHio, ecjiH nBJineTCH ee hjichom,— oh AOJiJKen

3HaTb, m o e.wy npHfleTCH ÖbiTb b caMbix peuiaioiunx

MecTax CMepTeJibHoft cxßarKH, öopoTbca 6e3 ycTa-

flh, ynopHo, caM00TBep>KeHH0, He m aAH CBoefi

JKH3HH BO HM5I noße^bl» l.

TaK h AeßcTByiOT cefiqac ßojibiueBHKH — qjieHbi

h KamAHAaTbi KOMMyHHCTHiqecKOH napTHH— Ha cj)poH-

Tax OTeqecTBeHHoft BofiHbi npoTHB nm iepoBCKHx

3axBaT^HK0B. nepeAOBan pojib kommyiihctob Ha

(J)pOHTe np0HBJIH€TCH BO bcSm: B jiHmnoft xpaßpo*

CTH, CaMOOTBepjKeHHOCTH, B TOTOBHOCTH nOJKepT-

BOBaTb CBOefi >KH3HbK) P&AH IIOÖeAbi, B AOÖpOBOJIb-

hom Bbi30Be Ha BbinojiHeHHe caMbix onacHbix no-

pyqeHHfl.

B 6ohx npn npopbiBe ßjioKaAbi JleiiHHrpaAa Ha-

CTynjieHHio poTbi MewaA oroHb BpaHtecKoro A30Ta.

KpacHoapMeeu kommyhhct Moaoauob, b3 hb cyMKV

c rpaHaraMiH, nonoji3 k A30Ty. Ho rpaHaTbi He no-

m o t a h , h BpaHcecKHÖ rcyAeMeT nonpe>KHeMy npn-

>KHMaA 6ohu,ob k 3eM;ie. TorAa Moaoauob pubkom

6p0CHJiCH BinepeA h -cbohm TejipiÄ 3 aKpbiA aMÖpa-

3ypy A3ora. BAOXHOBAeHHbie nÖÄBHroM TOBapHma,

ßofiubi poTbi HeyAepjKHMbiM üiTbiKOBbiM yAapoM

o n p o K H H y A H Bpara, saxBamnH ero ßaTapeio h npoA OA^aAH HacTynAeHHe.

TaKHMH repoHMecKHMH noABiHraMH bohhob-kom-

MynHCTOB noAHa- AeTonHCb OTeqecTBeHHOH BOHHbi.

noaTOMy HenpepeKaeM aBTopHTeT KOMMyHHCTa b

KpaCHOfi ApM'HH, nOSTOMy cothh h TbICH*iH bohhob

nepeA 6ocm noAaioT 3aHBJieHHH c npocböoft npn-

HHTb HX B pHAbl napTHH JleHHHa— CTaJMIHa.

1 Kümihuh, 0 napTHÜHo-MaccoBOH paöoie, rocnoJiiiT-

H3AaT, 1943, CTp. 16.

16

C p a3y >«e n ocê BepojiOMHoro nanaaeHHH th t - ' jiepoßueB Ha Hamy c rp a n y napTHH n o ip eö o B a jia o t

KOMMyHHCTOB h napTHftnbix pyKOBOÄHTejiefi JIHHHO B0 3 rjiaBHTb CBnmeHHyio HapoAHyio ö o p b ö y b Tbi/iy HeMeUKHX BOÄCK, BflOXHOBJIHTb npeflaHHblX COBeT* cKoft BJiacTH Jiioiieft jih^hmm npHMiepoM, cM ejiocTb io H CaMOOTBep>KeHHOCTbIO.

H BO Bpa>KeCKOM TblJiy, B COBeTCKHX paHOHax, •

BpeMeHHO 33XB>3qeHH!bIX riHTJiepOBCKHMH pa3Ö0ÄHH-

KaMH, KOMMyHHCTbi, BbinojiHHH CBofi ÄOJir nepea Ha*

Poaom, yxoAHjiH b no^nojibe, co3flaBa^H napTH3aH-

; c.KHe OTpHAbi hi BejiH repoHêcKyio 6opb6y C HeM-

UaMH.

JlHqHbie KaqecTBa Kan^HflaTa, KaK h Jiioöoro

KOMMyHHCTa, npoBepnioTCH b cOBeTCKOMi Tbijiy, Ha

jiioÖo m yâcTKe, r\a,e o h paöoTaeT, npejKße Bcero

Ha ero OTHOLLieHHH K CBOHM npOH3BOÄCTBeH!HbIM H

cjiy>KeÖHbiM o6 h33hhocthm. napTHH Bcerfla TpeÖo-

BaJia h TpeßyeT ot cbohx qjieHOB nepeôiBoft, Be- Äym eö pojiH Ha np0H3B0ÄCTBe. E m e b pemeHHHX

IX cês/ia P K n ( 6 ) Mbi HaxoAHM TaKoe yKa3aHHe

Ha OÖH3aHHOCTH KOMMyHHCTa*.«KOMMyHHCTbl B COCTaBe (âßpH^HO-SaBOÄCKHX

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