JUSTICEA VALUE OF QURAN

ذي إ يت اء إ و ان و اإلح�س بال�ع د�ل �ر �مي أ� الل"ه ن"

ن�ك ر �ال�م و اء ح�ش ال�ف ع ن ي ن�ه ى و ب ى ر� �ال�ق ون �ت ذ ك"ر ل ع ل"ك�م� ي عظ�ك�م� ال�ب غ�ي و

Allah commands justice, the doing of good(acts of kindness) , and giving (due rights) to the kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds(immoral sins), and injustice (or forbidden deeds done openly) and rebellion(tyrannical aggression): He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.

Al-Qur'an, 016.090 (An-Nahl [The Bee])

IMPORTANCE OF JUSTICE

Just (Al-Adil) Dispenser of Justice. (Al-Muqsit)

Two of the attributes of Allah are closely linked to justice

9م7 ;ك =ج7ر?م=ن ي و=ال 7ق?س7ط? ?ال ب ه=د=اء= ش9 ;ه? ?ل ل ق=و;ام?ين= 9وا 9ون ك 9وا آم=ن ;ذ?ين= ال Zه=ا ي= أ =ا ي

?ن; إ ;ه= الل ;ق9وا و=ات ;ق7و=ى ?لت ل ب9 =ق7ر= أ ه9و= 9وا اع7د?ل 9وا =ع7د?ل ت =ال أ ع=ل=ى e ق=و7م =آن9 ن ش=9ون= =ع7م=ل ت ?م=ا ب iير? ب خ= ;ه= الل

O ye who believe! stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allah. For Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do.

Al-Qur'an, 005.008 (Al-Maeda)

COMMANDMENT TO DO JUSTICE

=ان 7م?يز= و=ال =اب= ?ت 7ك ال م=ع=ه9م9 =ا 7ن ل 7ز= =ن و=أ =ات? tن =ي 7ب ?ال ب =ا =ن ل س9 ر9 =ا 7ن ل س= ر7= أ =ق=د7 ل

7ق?س7ط? ?ال ب ;اس9 الن =ق9وم= ?ي ل We sent aforetime our messengers with

Clear Signs and sent down with them the Book and the Balance (of Right and Wrong), that men may stand forth in justice;

Al-Qur'an, 057.025 (Al-Hadid)

One of the goals of messengers of Allah

“There are seven categories of people whom God will shelter under His shade on the Day when there will be no shade except His.  [One is] the just leader.”(Saheeh Muslim)

“O My slaves, I have forbidden injustice for Myself and forbade it also for you.  So avoid being unjust to one another.” (Saheeh Muslim)

Hadith on Justice

7 Principles of Justice(by Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Musa al Shatibi d 1388 AC/790 AH)

Haqq al din- respect for religion Haqq al nafs-respect the human person Haqq al mal- right of private property. Haqq al hurriyah- respect of self

determination( khilafa, shura, ijma, judiciary.)

Haqq al kirama- respect for human dignity including religious freedom and gender equality.

Principles of Justice Haqq al Ilm- respect for knowledge. It

requires freedom of thought, press, assembly.

Justice is at the core of Islam. This paradigm of human responsibilities is being revived.

Such principles of justice do exist in all world religions in lesser degree.

He says, discussing the relationship between two words justice (al-'Adl), and distributive justice (al-Qist), "Justice is the basis of all human relations and a foundation of Islamic rule.”

Quoted in Ibn Humayd, Nadr al-Na'im, 8:3153

Imam al-Qurtubi

Social Justice facilitates amicable relations between people,

engenders obedience to the Divine Law, and brings about the prosperity of countries. It is the basis of a thriving economy, strong families, and stable government Nothing devastates the land nor corrupts the

mind as quickly as tyranny. Quoted in Ibn Humayd, Nadr al-Na'im, 7:2793.

Imam Al-Mawardi

Justice has signs and portents. As for its signs, they are shyness, generosity, humility, and gentleness. As for its portents, they are embodied in mercy.

He has [likewise] made for every affair a gate, and He has made that gate accessible by providing a key. The gate of justice is a deep consideration of consequences, and its key is concern for Akhirah. (Nadr An Na’im,7:2811)

Khalifa Omar Ibn Khattab (R)

Justice denotes placing things in their rightful place. 

It also means giving others equal treatment. 

Justice is a moral virtue and an attribute of human personality

it creates a state of equilibrium in the distribution of rights and duties

MEANING OF JUSTICE

1-The absolute freedom of conscience, means the psychological liberation from submissiveness and worship of anyone but Allah because only Allah is Who can benefit and harm

دfا ش ر و ال ا jر ض ل ك�م� �لك م� أ ال إنnي ل� �ق

Say: "It is not in my power to cause you harm, or to bring you to right conduct.“ (Jinn,72:21)

3 Foundations of Social Justice

=ق= ل و=خ= eد=ة و=اح? eف7س= ن م?ن7 9م7 =ق=ك ل خ= ;ذ?ي ال 9م9 ;ك ب ر= ;ق9وا ات ;اس9 الن Zه=ا ي= أ =ا ي

;ذ?ي ال ;ه= الل ;ق9وا و=ات اء� ?س= و=ن ا ?ير� =ث ك ر?ج=اال 7ه9م=ا م?ن =ث; و=ب ه=ا و7ج= ز= 7ه=ا م?ن�ا ق?يب ر= 9م7 7ك =ي ع=ل =ان= ك ;ه= الل ?ن; إ ام= ح= و=األر7 ?ه? ب 9ون= اء=ل =س= ت

O mankind! reverence your Guardian-Lord, who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, His mate, and from them twain scattered (like seeds) countless men and women;- reverence Allah, through whom ye demand your mutual (rights), and (reverence) the wombs (That bore you): for Allah ever watches over you.(4:1)

2-The complete human equality

Means individuals' commitment towards each other to take care of the society and its needs.

The social symbiosis does not mean moral sympathy and affection only, but also positive concrete action such as extending helpful hand to the needy through paying zakat and sadaqat.

3- The firm social symbiosis,

1- Distributive or Social Justice- Extending inherent rights [to their possessors] equitably

2- Commutative or Judicial Justice- To rule based on that contained in the Book of God and the tradition (Sunnah) of His Messenger  and refraining from ruling based on empty opinion.

2 Categories of Justice

Justice must transcend considerations of race, religion, color, and creed

Muslims are commanded to be just to their friends and foes alike

They ought to be just at all levels

Equality in Justice

ع=ل=ى =و7 و=ل ;ه? ?ل ل ه=د=اء= ش9 7ق?س7ط? ?ال ب ق=و;ام?ين= 9وا 9ون ك 9وا آم=ن ;ذ?ين= ال Zه=ا ي= أ =ا ي

?ه?م=ا ب و7ل=ى= أ ;ه9 ف=الل ا ف=ق?ير� و7

= أ �ا ?ي غ=ن 9ن7 =ك ي ?ن7 إ ?ين= ب و=األق7ر= 7ن? ?د=ي 7و=ال ال و?= أ 9م7 ك 7ف9س? =ن أ

?م=ا ب =ان= ك ;ه= الل ?ن; ف=إ 9ع7ر?ض9وا ت و7= أ 7و9وا =ل ت ?ن7 و=إ 9وا =ع7د?ل ت =ن7 أ 7ه=و=ى ال ?ع9وا ;ب =ت ت ف=ال

ا ?ير� ب خ= =ع7م=ل9ون= ت O ye who believe! stand out firmly for justice, as

witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be (against) rich or poor: for Allah can best protect both. Follow not the lusts (of your hearts), lest ye swerve, and if ye distort (justice) or decline to do justice, verily Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do. (Nisa 4:135)

Justice for all

و=ال 7ق?س7ط? ?ال ب ه=د=اء= ش9 ;ه? ?ل ل ق=و;ام?ين= 9وا 9ون ك 9وا آم=ن ;ذ?ين= ال Zه=ا ي= أ =ا ي

ب9 =ق7ر= أ ه9و= 9وا اع7د?ل 9وا =ع7د?ل ت =ال أ ع=ل=ى e ق=و7م =آن9 ن ش= 9م7 ;ك =ج7ر?م=ن ي=ع7م=ل9ون= ت ?م=ا ب iير? ب خ= ;ه= الل ?ن; إ ;ه= الل ;ق9وا و=ات ;ق7و=ى ?لت ل

O ye who believe! stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allah. For Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do. (Maida,5:8)

Do justice whether you like someone or not

7م= و=ل الدtين? ف?ي 9م7 9وك ?ل 9ق=ات ي =م7 ل ;ذ?ين= ال ع=ن? ;ه9 الل 9م9 7ه=اك =ن ي ال;ه= الل ?ن; إ 7ه?م7 =ي ?ل إ 9ق7س?ط9وا و=ت وه9م7 Zر= =ب ت =ن7 أ 9م7 =ار?ك د?ي م?ن7 9م7 9خ7ر?ج9وك ي

7م9ق7س?ط?ين= ال Z9ح?ب ي Allah forbids you not, with regard to those

who fight you not for (your) Faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loves those who are just.(Mumtahina,60:8)

Be just to non Muslims

Z9ح?ب ي ;ه= الل ?ن; إ 7ق?س7ط? ?ال ب =ه9م7 7ن =ي ب 9م7 ف=اح7ك =م7ت= ح=ك ?ن7 و=إ7م9ق7س?ط?ين= ال

If thou judge, judge in equity between them. For Allah loves those who judge in equity.

Maida,5:42

9م9 . =ك 7ن =ي ب ألع7د?ل= ت9 9م?ر7 و=أ eاب= ?ت ك م?ن7 ;ه9 الل ل= 7ز= =ن أ ?م=ا ب 7ت9 آم=ن و=ق9ل7 "I believe in the Book which Allah has sent

down; and I am commanded to judge justly between you. (Shura,42:15)

Justice, an obligation

=و=ه9و ?ه? ?م=ات =ل ?ك ل =دtل= م9ب ال و=ع=د7ال ص?د7ق�ا tك= ب ر= ?م=ة9 =ل ك =م;ت7 و=ت?يم9 7ع=ل ال م?يع9 الس;

The word of thy Lord doth find its fulfillment in truth and in justice: None can change His words: for He is the one who hears and knows all.

(Al-Anaam,6:115)

Justice, an inherent right of all human beings

9ون= =ع7م=ل ت ?م=ا ب iير? ب خ= ;ه= الل ?ن; إ ;ه= الل ;ق9وا و=ات ;ق7و=ى ?لت ل ب9 =ق7ر= أ ه9و= 9وا اع7د?ل Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allah. For Allah

is well-acquainted with all that ye do. (Maida,5:8)

?ه? ب 9م7 و=ص;اك 9م7 ?ك ذ=ل و7ف9وا= أ ;ه? الل ?ع=ه7د? و=ب =ى ب ق9ر7 ذ=ا =ان= ك =و7 و=ل 9وا ف=اع7د?ل 9م7 7ت ق9ل ?ذ=ا و=إ

ون= ;ر9 =ذ=ك ت 9م7 ;ك =ع=ل ل whenever ye speak, speak justly, even if a near

relative is concerned; and fulfil the covenant of Allah: thus doth He command you, that ye may remember

(Anaam,6:152)

Justice is a personal virtue and standard of moral excellence

Osama (R) tried to intercede for the lady, who belonged to a high-class family, in order to prevent the punishment for her theft. Prophet

(SAW) said, "What destroyed the nations preceding you, was that if a noble amongst them stole, they would forgive him, and if a poor person amongst them stole, they would inflict Allah's Legal punishment on him. By Allah, if Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad stole, I would cut off her hand." (Al-Bukhari)

Some examples of Justice in Islam

Khalifah Ali (R) had his shield stolen by a Christian. He filed the case against him. In the court of Qadi Shureh (The Judge) he had to stand next to the accused. He was asked to present evidence. He did not have any. Judgment was given against him. That Christian was so impressed with this system of justice that he confessed the theft, returned the shield and became Muslim. Ali (R) gave him the shield as a gift.

Ali(R) case against a thief

Abu Darda (R) decided to forsake his wife, used to fast every day and stood in Salah all night. When his adopted brother Salman Farsi (R) observed this he told him,” "Your Lord has a right on you, your soul has a right on you, and your family has a right on you; so you should give the rights of all those who have a right on you." Abu Ad-Darda(R) came to the Prophet and narrated the whole story. The Prophet said: "Salman has spoken the truth."

Al-Bukhari

Justice to oneself

it prohibits injustice strictly Injustice toward oneself or toward others, The strong people’s injustice toward the

weak, The rich people’s injustice toward the poor Rulers’ injustice toward the people they

rule..

Zulm or Injustice is prohibited

Prophet told Mu’az ibn Jabal: “Be afraid of the curse of an oppressed person as there is no screen between his invocation and Allah” (Al-Bukhari).

The Prophet also said: “Three men whose supplications are never rejected (by Allah) are: The fasting person until he breaks his fast, the just ruler and the one who is oppressed, whose prayer is taken to heavens and heavens’ doors are opened for it and Allah says to it: I swear with My honor I will uphold you (the supplication) even after a while” (At-Tirmidhi

Prophet’s (SAW) warning about injustice

The Prophet Muhammad said: People, beware of injustice, for injustice shall be darkness on the Day of Judgment.

Prophet said: On the Day of Judgment, rights will be given to those to whom they are due (and wrongs will be redressed).

More ahadith on Zulm

Individuals- we should do justice to ourselves by fulfilling the rights of our body and souls.

Family- We must deal with our spouses, children and rest of the family with justice

Society- We must deal with our neighbors, customers and all human beings and even animals with justice

Position of authority- Principles of justice should be our guide in all matters

Practicing justice in our lives