June 2, 2006 1 Multiple Mice for Computers in Education in Developing Countries Udai Singh Pawar...
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June 2, 2006 1 Multiple Mice for Multiple Mice for Computers in Education in Computers in Education in Developing Countries Developing Countries Udai Singh Pawar Udai Singh Pawar Microsoft Research India Microsoft Research India Talk at Univ. of Washington June Talk at Univ. of Washington June 2nd, 2006 2nd, 2006
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Transcript of June 2, 2006 1 Multiple Mice for Computers in Education in Developing Countries Udai Singh Pawar...
June 2, 2006 1
Multiple Mice for Multiple Mice for Computers in Education in Computers in Education in
Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries
Udai Singh PawarUdai Singh Pawar
Microsoft Research IndiaMicrosoft Research India
Talk at Univ. of Washington June 2nd, 2006Talk at Univ. of Washington June 2nd, 2006
June 2, 2006 2
Computers in Rural Computers in Rural EducationEducation
What are the most What are the most pressing needs in a pressing needs in a rural school?rural school?
Do computers have a Do computers have a place in a rural place in a rural school? school?
How can we How can we maximize the value maximize the value of existing PCs in of existing PCs in schools? schools?
June 2, 2006 3
Ethnography in Rural Ethnography in Rural SchoolsSchools
Numerous urban and rural Numerous urban and rural schoolsschools Short site visits, ran workshopsShort site visits, ran workshops
Summer 2005: 18 rural schools Summer 2005: 18 rural schools with PCs in four states with PCs in four states (Karnataka, Pondicherry, (Karnataka, Pondicherry, Maharashtra, and Orissa) – Maharashtra, and Orissa) – (Pal (Pal et al., WWW 2006)et al., WWW 2006) Over 100 interviews with Over 100 interviews with
students, parents, teachers, students, parents, teachers, administrators.administrators.
Most others in research group Most others in research group have also visited a variety of have also visited a variety of schools, and other ICT/kiosk schools, and other ICT/kiosk projects.projects.
June 2, 2006 4
June 2, 2006 5
The problem with Shared The problem with Shared ComputersComputers
Current software Current software designed for one userdesigned for one user
Only one, of N children, Only one, of N children, can use the mousecan use the mouse
This is generally the This is generally the dominant childdominant child
Learning benefits accrue Learning benefits accrue primarily to that childprimarily to that child
Other (N-1) children vying Other (N-1) children vying for control, are low on for control, are low on engagementengagement
June 2, 2006 6
Our Solution: Multi-Mouse!Our Solution: Multi-Mouse!
June 2, 2006 7
VideoVideo
June 2, 2006 8
June 2, 2006 9
Related WorkRelated Work
Some interest in late 90’s (Single Display Some interest in late 90’s (Single Display Groupware termed by Groupware termed by Stewart et al, 1998Stewart et al, 1998) )
Inkpen and others – First study, 1995 – Inkpen and others – First study, 1995 – puzzle-solving, toggling between two puzzle-solving, toggling between two mice. Gender effectsmice. Gender effects
Bricker – Collaborative activities – color Bricker – Collaborative activities – color matchermatcher
Bederson and Stewart – Painting and Bederson and Stewart – Painting and storytellingstorytelling
Greenberg and others – UI concepts, Greenberg and others – UI concepts, tabletops, large shared displays, etc. tabletops, large shared displays, etc.
June 2, 2006 10
Technical IssuesTechnical Issues
By default, Windows supports multiple mice By default, Windows supports multiple mice but not multiple cursorsbut not multiple cursors
Implicit assumption that no-one will use Implicit assumption that no-one will use multiple mice so no ID for mouse eventsmultiple mice so no ID for mouse events
RawInput API in WindowsXP retains ID in user RawInput API in WindowsXP retains ID in user mode. All software solution, no hardware – just mode. All software solution, no hardware – just USB portsUSB ports
Initially used SDG Toolkit (Initially used SDG Toolkit (Tse & Greenberg, Tse & Greenberg, 20022002) – now working with our own toolkit – ) – now working with our own toolkit – Multimouse SDKMultimouse SDK
No problems with lag – tested upto 15 usersNo problems with lag – tested upto 15 users
June 2, 2006 11
NGO-run after school center – Urban slum in NGO-run after school center – Urban slum in BangaloreBangalore
June 2, 2006 12
Testing with StudentsTesting with Students
Three preliminary field trials (5-12 year olds, N=23)Three preliminary field trials (5-12 year olds, N=23) 20min of single mouse with alphabet game 20min of single mouse with alphabet game 20min 20min
of multiple mouse with alphabet game of multiple mouse with alphabet game 20min of 20min of multiple mouse and tile game multiple mouse and tile game Free play Free play Brief Brief interviewinterview
Questions: Questions:
Can children understand and use the multiple-mouse Can children understand and use the multiple-mouse paradigm when the number of mice is as many as five? paradigm when the number of mice is as many as five?
How do children interact with each other with respect to How do children interact with each other with respect to multiple mice? How do they share or not share? multiple mice? How do they share or not share?
Does the multiple mouse paradigm increase interest and Does the multiple mouse paradigm increase interest and engagement? engagement?
June 2, 2006 13
Using a Single MouseUsing a Single Mouse Even with a dominant child, all children Even with a dominant child, all children
engageengage Engagement decreases with time for Engagement decreases with time for
children without a mousechildren without a mouse Gender differences in sharing patternsGender differences in sharing patterns Children want to control the mouseChildren want to control the mouse
June 2, 2006 14
Using Multiple MiceUsing Multiple Mice Children understand the idea immediatelyChildren understand the idea immediately Not confused by multiple cursors on Not confused by multiple cursors on
screenscreen Children with mice remain engaged Children with mice remain engaged
throughoutthroughout Overall engagement increases, even for Overall engagement increases, even for
children without a mousechildren without a mouse
June 2, 2006 15
Other ObservationsOther Observations
Interview responses: Dominantly positiveInterview responses: Dominantly positive
Can be considerable Can be considerable difference in difference in game-playing game-playing competencecompetence
Age varianceAge variance Joint decision-making about what game Joint decision-making about what game to play next was chaotic to play next was chaotic
June 2, 2006 16
Ongoing and Future workOngoing and Future work
Developing an SDK for content developersDeveloping an SDK for content developers Tracking performance, and adjusting pace Tracking performance, and adjusting pace
accordinglyaccordingly UI features – joint decision-making mechanismsUI features – joint decision-making mechanisms
Developing pedagogically sound usage Developing pedagogically sound usage scenariosscenarios Competitive Competitive Video Games Video Games Individualistic Individualistic Shared screen space Shared screen space Collaborative Collaborative Shared tasks Shared tasks
Comprehensive testingComprehensive testing Deployment Deployment
June 2, 2006 17
““Development” IssuesDevelopment” Issues To studentsTo students
More chances to get involved – More fun!!More chances to get involved – More fun!! Better LearningBetter Learning
To content developersTo content developers Engaging content – video game modelEngaging content – video game model Technologically straight-forwardTechnologically straight-forward Scope for innovation in learning activitiesScope for innovation in learning activities
To teachersTo teachers Helps in “babysitting” the childrenHelps in “babysitting” the children
To the government/school headsTo the government/school heads Economics - $5 a mouseEconomics - $5 a mouse Simple and easy to setup technically Simple and easy to setup technically Instantly multiply the value of Instantly multiply the value of existingexisting PCs in schools PCs in schools
June 2, 2006 19
Field TrialsField Trials Three preliminary trialsThree preliminary trials
Single Laptop, USB HubSingle Laptop, USB Hub 20min of single mouse with alphabet 20min of single mouse with alphabet
game; 20min of multiple mouse with game; 20min of multiple mouse with alphabet game; 20min of multiple mouse alphabet game; 20min of multiple mouse and tile game; Free play; Brief interviewand tile game; Free play; Brief interview
Setting Description N Age
A NGO Community-centers in urban slums
Basic proficiency in using a mouse, due to some past usage
7 8-12 yrs
B 10 8-11 yrs (girls only)
C Residential School – rural Regular PC users. Normally 1:1 ratio
6 5-7 yrs
June 2, 2006 20
