Jun Rekimoto, "Time-Machine Computing: A Time-centric Approach for the Information Environment", ACM...

Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto

Time-Machine Computing:Time-Machine Computing:A Time-centric Approach for A Time-centric Approach for the Information Environmentthe Information Environment

Jun RekimotoJun Rekimoto

Interaction LaboratoryInteraction Laboratory

Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.

2Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto

Problems with current Problems with current desktop environmentsdesktop environments Folder HierarchiesFolder Hierarchies

Naming, classification of files/folders are Naming, classification of files/folders are not trivial.not trivial.

Difficult to manage many overlapped Difficult to manage many overlapped windowswindows


Reality is …Reality is …


Problems with current Problems with current desktop environmentsdesktop environments Folder HierarchiesFolder Hierarchies Single Desktop Approach ?Single Desktop Approach ?

Simple, items are always there and visible.Simple, items are always there and visible. Items represent activity status, and act as reminItems represent activity status, and act as remin

dersderse.g., Digital “PostIt” notes on the desktope.g., Digital “PostIt” notes on the desktop

Spatial layout of information Spatial layout of information (Pile [Mander et al. CHI’92] , Group)(Pile [Mander et al. CHI’92] , Group)

Does not scaleDoes not scale


Problems with current Problems with current desktop environmentsdesktop environments

Folder HierarchiesFolder Hierarchies Single Desktop Approach ?Single Desktop Approach ? Time-ordered list Time-ordered list

LifestreamsLifestreams [Freeman et al. 95][Freeman et al. 95] E-Mail List, Web HistoryE-Mail List, Web History Difficult to recall Difficult to recall

activity contextsactivity contexts


Combining the two...Combining the two...

(2D) Computer Screen(2D) Computer Screen TimeTime

3D Activity3D ActivitySpaceSpace

t


Time-Machine ComputingTime-Machine Computing Lifelong ArchiveLifelong Archive

Activities on the desktop are permanently archived.Activities on the desktop are permanently archived.

Folder-less Environment Folder-less Environment All objects All objects （（ DocumentsDocuments 、、 PicturesPictures 、、 PostItPostIt ）） aa

re placed directly on the desktop.re placed directly on the desktop.

Time-TravelingTime-Traveling Restores the state of Restores the state of

the computer based on the computer based on timetime..

t


TimeScape: TimeScape: A time-machine desktop environmentA time-machine desktop environment

Navigation Buttons Time Travel DialSearch Box


DemoDemo


Time Traveling as ...Time Traveling as ... Personal Information OrganizationPersonal Information Organization

Travel to the past for finding old informationTravel to the past for finding old information Travel to the future for making a scheduleTravel to the future for making a schedule Browsing personal activities in various waysBrowsing personal activities in various ways

Specifying time pointsSpecifying time points Direct Direct (go to 1999.1.1)(go to 1999.1.1) Object-Oriented Object-Oriented (go to when I created this file)(go to when I created this file) by Searching by Searching (go to when text (go to when text “kyoto”“kyoto” appears on the de appears on the de

sktop)sktop)


Search as Time TravelSearch as Time Travel Desktop items act as bookmarks Desktop items act as bookmarks

for user’s activityfor user’s activity


Visualization Techniques (1/2)Visualization Techniques (1/2)

Multiple Views and Animated TransitionMultiple Views and Animated Transition Help a user to recognize Space-TimeHelp a user to recognize Space-Time

information structure (2D + Time = 3D) information structure (2D + Time = 3D)


Visualization Techniques (2/2)Visualization Techniques (2/2)

Semi-transparent objectsSemi-transparent objects showing what was thereshowing what was there

Time-fading objectsTime-fading objects represent passing of timerepresent passing of time


Time-Casting:Time-Casting:Inter-Application Communication of timeInter-Application Communication of time By exchanging “time”, application can supBy exchanging “time”, application can sup

port each other.port each other. Web Bookmarks, E-Mail List, TimeScape Web Bookmarks, E-Mail List, TimeScape

Desktop, Photo Browser, etc.Desktop, Photo Browser, etc.

time


Inter-Computer Time-CastingInter-Computer Time-Casting

Digital Whiteboard & Notebook CoDigital Whiteboard & Notebook Compuetrmpuetr

PDA and DeskotopPDA and Deskotop


ImplementationImplementation

Each item on the desktop hasEach item on the desktop has start, end timestart, end time history of operationshistory of operations reference to the real contentsreference to the real contents

Backend File Server managesBackend File Server manages History of modificationsHistory of modifications Timed version can be retrieved by Timed version can be retrieved by

/@1999.11.7/@1999.11.7/My /My Documents/Uist99.docDocuments/Uist99.doc


Application DomainsApplication Domains

Alternative to the current desktop envirAlternative to the current desktop environmentsonments

Small screen computers (PDAs)Small screen computers (PDAs) Home computers, Home computers,

Information appliancesInformation appliances Digital whiteboardsDigital whiteboards


SummarySummary Time-Machine ComputingTime-Machine Computing

A new concept for Personal Information OrganizaA new concept for Personal Information Organizationtion

Life-Long Archival of Information + Time travellingLife-Long Archival of Information + Time travelling Various visualization techniquesVarious visualization techniques

TimeScape:TimeScape: a time-machine desktopa time-machine desktop Time-Casting:Time-Casting: inter application communicatiinter application communicati

on of timeon of time


Future DirectionsFuture Directions

Combining Other Information Combining Other Information Organization TechniquesOrganization Techniques Rooms, Piling, Zooming, Stationary ScrollRooms, Piling, Zooming, Stationary Scroll

Combining Other Physical ContextsCombining Other Physical Contexts LocationLocation Real-world desktops, Bulletin BoardsReal-world desktops, Bulletin Boards

Capturing user’s activitiesCapturing user’s activities History of “Cut-and-Paste”, CommandsHistory of “Cut-and-Paste”, Commands


Related WorkRelated Work

Lifestreams [Freeman & Gelernter Lifestreams [Freeman & Gelernter 93]93]

Forget-me-not [Lamming&Flynn 94]Forget-me-not [Lamming&Flynn 94] Timewarp [Edwards & Mynatt chi9Timewarp [Edwards & Mynatt chi9

7]7] Chimera [Kurlander&Feiner uist92]Chimera [Kurlander&Feiner uist92]


Visualization TechniquesVisualization Techniques

Desktop, Timeline, Calendar viewsDesktop, Timeline, Calendar views Animated TransitionAnimated Transition ZoomingZooming Time-fading ObjectsTime-fading Objects Semi-transparent IconsSemi-transparent Icons


Semitransparent IconsSemitransparent Icons


Timeline ViewTimeline View


Single Desktop ApproachSingle Desktop Approach


BackgroundBackground Folder-based information Folder-based information

organization:organization:


応用（続き応用（続き ))

情報バンク（ファイルサーバー・プロキ情報バンク（ファイルサーバー・プロキシー）シー） XXXX 日のファイル日のファイル /1998.10.10/project/ABC/main.c/1998.10.10/project/ABC/main.c XXXX 日のウェブ日のウェブ http://1998.10.10/www.asahi.comhttp://1998.10.10/www.asahi.com

外部情報とのリンク外部情報とのリンク実世界のイベント実世界のイベント (News, TV programs)(News, TV programs) 利用者状況利用者状況 (( 現在位置現在位置 )) ボイスメモ、デジカメ写真、メールボイスメモ、デジカメ写真、メール

→→ 　記憶（履歴）のオーガナイザー　記憶（履歴）のオーガナイザー

Jun Rekimoto, "Time-Machine Computing: A Time-centric Approach for the Information Environment", ACM...

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