Jump Start• Which State was the first to secede from the Union just Which State was the first to secede from the Union just

before the Civil War?before the Civil War?

• What actions did the Confederacy take right after the first What actions did the Confederacy take right after the first ‘wave’ of states seceded?‘wave’ of states seceded?

• The Civil War has been called by many names:The Civil War has been called by many names:

War of Southern RebellionWar of Southern Rebellion

War of Northern AggressionWar of Northern Aggression

War for Southern IndependenceWar for Southern Independence

Second American RevolutionSecond American Revolution

Why do you think so and whose names would each be? Why do you think so and whose names would each be?

The Civil WarThe Civil War First Shots First Shots 18611861

Problems at Ft. Sumter

• So. consolidates their new country after Lincoln gets elected. Seven states had seceded.

• South takes possession of Federal property in their states - forts, land, banks, etc…

• Order Ft. Sumter to surrender to Confederacy, but Major Anderson resists & advises Lincoln.

• Lincoln sends food, but not ammo & SC attacks!

Why did the Confederacy fire at Why did the Confederacy fire at Fort Sumter in April, 1861?Fort Sumter in April, 1861?

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

• Limited WarLimited War to suppress insurrection & bring to suppress insurrection & bring the South back to the Unionthe South back to the Union

• Naval Blockade of Southern ports & rivers to Naval Blockade of Southern ports & rivers to surround and suffocate (surround and suffocate (Anaconda SnakeAnaconda Snake))

• Soldiers would support Northern gunboats Soldiers would support Northern gunboats along Mississippi River.along Mississippi River.

• Capture the Rebel Capital - RichmondCapture the Rebel Capital - Richmond

North’s Strategic ProblemsNorth’s Strategic Problems

• ““Anaconda” took time building & waitingAnaconda” took time building & waiting

• No. had to win…So. had No. had to win…So. had onlyonly not to lose. not to lose. Revolutionary War parallelsRevolutionary War parallels

• Big territory to watch over – lots of holes that Big territory to watch over – lots of holes that supplies could slip through.supplies could slip through.

• Keep ‘Keep ‘border’ states in the Union – CRITICAL TO WINborder’ states in the Union – CRITICAL TO WIN

Which States are ‘Border’ Which States are ‘Border’ States?States?

Which States are ‘Border’ StatesWhich States are ‘Border’ States

So. Strategic ProblemsSo. Strategic Problems

• ““Fire-eaters”Fire-eaters” want a victory and attacks want a victory and attacks

• States don’t all agree on how war should be States don’t all agree on how war should be fought.fought.

• Keep troops home to defend their states Keep troops home to defend their states Articles of Confederation parallelsArticles of Confederation parallels

• Big territory to defend – scattered forcesBig territory to defend – scattered forces

Strategic Army DeploymentsStrategic Army Deployments

1861

• North – Along the Potomac River - must defend Washington

– Federal Arsenals & along key rivers

• South – Key rail lines – must defend the few that it had.

– Around Richmond, CSA’s new capital

Results of Bull RunResults of Bull Run

• Northern caution about invading Virginia.Northern caution about invading Virginia.• Renews efforts to prepare for war. Renews efforts to prepare for war. • Authorizes 1 million new recruits.Authorizes 1 million new recruits.• Makes McClellan Commander of Army of the Potomac.Makes McClellan Commander of Army of the Potomac.

• Southern confidence explodesSouthern confidence explodes• Reassured many that they had won the warReassured many that they had won the war• Protected the South against an invasion for many Protected the South against an invasion for many

months – uncertainty that No. could winmonths – uncertainty that No. could win

1862 – Rivers & the West1862 – Rivers & the West

• Ulysses S Grant headed Army of the WestUlysses S Grant headed Army of the West

• Wins 2 battles in Tennessee using river gunboats Wins 2 battles in Tennessee using river gunboats and aggressive attack tactics.and aggressive attack tactics.

• At Battle of Shiloh Creek – Grant turns loss into winAt Battle of Shiloh Creek – Grant turns loss into win

• Forces Rebel Army from Forces Rebel Army from ‘Border States’‘Border States’

• Gives Gives “Anaconda” “Anaconda” a chance succeed – control the a chance succeed – control the MississippiMississippi

Forts Henry & Donelson, TNForts Henry & Donelson, TN

Ironclad ShipsIronclad ShipsGrant & Farragut used “ironclads” on rivers to help win in the WestGrant & Farragut used “ironclads” on rivers to help win in the West

New Weapons of WarNew Weapons of War

President Lincoln looks on as a new machine gun is test fired, late 1861.President Lincoln looks on as a new machine gun is test fired, late 1861.

Shiloh Creek, TNShiloh Creek, TN

Immense CasualtiesImmense Casualties

• Another Union Win in the West

• 20,000 killed and wounded (both sides)

• Almost double that of Bull Run (Manassas)

• Convinced both sides of a long war.

• Launched country into TOTAL WAR.

Threatening the CapitalsThreatening the Capitals

• “Anaconda” Anaconda” Part III called for capturing Richmond, but Part III called for capturing Richmond, but McClellan kept finding reasons to avoid attacking.McClellan kept finding reasons to avoid attacking.

• Finally meets Lee’s army outside Richmond in Finally meets Lee’s army outside Richmond in “Seven Days” Battles“Seven Days” Battles..

• Lee continuously outmaneuvers McClellan & he Lee continuously outmaneuvers McClellan & he retreats abandoning the siege of Richmond.retreats abandoning the siege of Richmond.

• Gets lucky & finds Rebel orders – engages at Gets lucky & finds Rebel orders – engages at Antietam Antietam and win a big victory.and win a big victory.