Jump StartJump Start• Turn in LATE Muscle/Foot Model ActivityTurn in LATE Muscle/Foot Model Activity

• Answer the following on a sheet of paper:Answer the following on a sheet of paper:– What type of blood vessel is the spot for oxygen drop What type of blood vessel is the spot for oxygen drop

off and carbon dioxide pick up?off and carbon dioxide pick up?

– What cardiovascular disease is caused by high blood What cardiovascular disease is caused by high blood pressure?pressure?

– True or false: Part of the loop of blood flow is from True or false: Part of the loop of blood flow is from the right atrium to the left atrium and then to the lungsthe right atrium to the left atrium and then to the lungs

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

General InformationGeneral Information

• RespirationRespiration - brings about - brings about exchange of gasesexchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood, the air, and tissuesblood, the air, and tissues

• Cellular respirationCellular respiration – the process that releases – the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen, food molecules in the presence of oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide, and making ATPreleasing carbon dioxide, and making ATP

– The respiratory system brings the oxygen to the The respiratory system brings the oxygen to the cells and carries the carbon dioxide awaycells and carries the carbon dioxide away

Structures of the Respiratory SystemStructures of the Respiratory System

1.1. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi bronchi

– Carry air to and from the lungsCarry air to and from the lungs

A. Nose –A. Nose – Where Oxygen first enters your body. Tiny hairs help filter the air and air is moistened and heated by your nose. Your Nose leads into your Nasal Cavity.

Pharynx Pharynx

• Gathers air from your Nasal and Oral Cavities and passes it to your Trachea.

• Food, water and air can travel through this tube

Larynx

• Also called, “voice box”

• Made of cartilages

• Covered by epiglottis during swallowing– Keeps solids, liquids out of airways

• Supports true vocal cords– Exhaled air vibrates them to make sound

Trachea

• Also called “windpipe”

• Stiffened by C-shaped cartilage rings

• Esophagus stuck to posterior surface– Cartilage missing there– Trachea distorted by balls of food as they

pass down esophagus to stomach

Lungs– Bronchi Tubes- Each tube (one per lung) splits

up into many smaller tubes called Bronchiole, like branches on a tree.

– Bronchiole- Keep splitting up until they reach your Alveoli.

– Composed of millions of tiny air sacs called Composed of millions of tiny air sacs called alveolialveoli which are rich with capillaries which are rich with capillaries

• The The alveolialveoli are where gas exchange occurs are where gas exchange occurs

Structures of the Respiratory SystemStructures of the Respiratory System

3.3. Breathing Breathing – Movement of air Movement of air into & outinto & out of the lungs of the lungs

– Lungs have Lungs have no muscle tissueno muscle tissue

– DiaphragmDiaphragm contracts to form a partial contracts to form a partial vacuumvacuum to pull air into the lungs, the to pull air into the lungs, the diaphragm relaxes to allow chest cavity to diaphragm relaxes to allow chest cavity to become smaller, making air flow outbecome smaller, making air flow out

Diseases of the respiratory systemDiseases of the respiratory system – many – many diseases result from smoking tobaccodiseases result from smoking tobacco

1.1. NicotineNicotine – strong, toxic stimulant drug which – strong, toxic stimulant drug which increases heart rate and blood pressure increases heart rate and blood pressure (leading to cardiovascular disease)(leading to cardiovascular disease)

2.2. Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide – poisonous gas which – poisonous gas which blocks the transport of oxygen and carbon blocks the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blooddioxide in the blood

3.3. TarTar – a carcinogen (causes cancer) – a carcinogen (causes cancer)

4.4. EmphysemaEmphysema – loss of lung tissue – loss of lung tissue elasticityelasticity

ReviewReview

1.1. HomeostasisHomeostasis – the rate of breathing is – the rate of breathing is controlled by the amount of carbon controlled by the amount of carbon dioxide in the blooddioxide in the blood

2.2. The level of The level of carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide in the blood in the blood is monitored by the is monitored by the medulla oblongatamedulla oblongata of of the brainthe brain

ReviewReview

3.3. Increase in carbon dioxide tells the Increase in carbon dioxide tells the medulla to medulla to increase breathing rateincrease breathing rate until until the level decreases the level decreases

4.4. When the medulla senses the decrease When the medulla senses the decrease in carbon dioxide, this feedback to the in carbon dioxide, this feedback to the medulla medulla decreases the breathing ratedecreases the breathing rate