July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas...
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July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 1
Climate mitigation and adaptation in land management
Presentation as part of the ERES Conference 2013
Vienna, July 5th 2013
Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür
Structure
Definition – climate mitigation and climatical adaptation in land management
Connection – climate change and land management
Climate mitigation and climate adaptation in Frankfurt
Analysis of legally binding land-use plans in Frankfurt
Conclusion
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 2
Definition – climate mitigation and climate adaptation in land management
Climate mitigation: Prevention of further anthropogenic climate changes by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preserving or creating carbon sinks
Climate adaptation: Protection of society against climate impacts and reduction of vulnerability
Both fields of action have great synergies but also include potential conflicting uses that require a proactive and coordinated approach In spatial planning a fundamental conflict results out of competing guiding
principles of the compact city and the perforated city Qualified inner development as a possible solution
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 3
Connection – climate change and land management
Land management and climate relate closely to each other and determine themselves by Distribution of structural use Structure of settlement areas and structural details
In Germany fundamental decisions are regulated on the local level by zone development plans Preparatory land-use plan Legally binding land-use plan
Only by linking informal concepts and climate goals to zone development planning, these concepts acquire a spatial commitment for everyone
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 4
Connection – climate change and land management
1986 1987 1998 2001 2004 2007 20110
1020304050607080
Environmental and climate-related regulations in zone development planning
Number of enviromental regulationsNumber of explicit climate-related regulations
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 5
Climate mitigation and climate adaptation in Frankfurt
Frankfurt is the fifth largest city in germany with a population of 700,000 inhabitants
Thus the population density of Frankfurt ranks low in comparison with other German cities
In Frankfurt, a significant climate change can be detected Mean annual air temperature has
increased Number of summer days has increased Number of hot days has nearly doubled
Picture by: Roland Meinecke
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 6
Climate mitigation and climate adaptation in Frankfurt
Frankfurt is active in a variety of ways in order to combat climate change and it is considered a pioneer in in municipal climate protection Establishment of the Energy Unit (1989) Co-founding and joining the Climate Alliance (1990) Promotion of low energy buildings (1995) Passive house construction as normal case (2006) Energy and Climate Action Plan (2008) Expansion of district heating from power-heat coupling (2009) Climate adaptation strategy (2011)
Efforts to combat climate change are strongly driven by efficiency and have a clear focus on saving energy
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 7
Climate mitigation and climate adaptation in Frankfurt
Adaptation to climate change plays a minor role in Frankfurt
The establishment of the Green Belt Constitution (1991) was an important step
The Spoke and Rays Plan has got a clear focus on climate and is supposed to expand the greenbelt and bring green areas into the city
According to the Urban Development Initiative, in 2030 both the residential location in terms of inner development as well as open spaces should be strengthened Source: Projektbüro Friedrich von Borries
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 8
Analysis of legally binding land-use plans in Frankfurt
Analysis of legally binding land-use plans in Frankfurt 1990-2013 It is striking that only 143 plans were brought to the force of law in this period During the same period, Stuttgart and Munich have adopted over 400 legally
binding land-use plans
Distinction between explicit and implicit motivation patterns
Considered fields of action in legally binding land-use plans Energy Building structure and building configuration Open spaces and green areas Local greening Floods and torrential rain Traffic
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 9
Analysis of legally binding land-use plans in Frankfurt
Loca
l gre
ening
Floods
and
torre
ntial
rain
Buildin
g st
ruct
ure
Traffi
c
Open
spac
es
Energ
y
Misc
ellan
eous
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Climate-relevant fields of action in legally binding land-use plans
absolute
percentaged
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 10
Analysis of legally binding land-use plans in Frankfurt
Building struc-ture
Local greening Energy Open spaces Floods and tor-rential rain
Traffic Miscellaneous0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Climate-relevant fields of action in legally binding land-use plans (explicit)
absolute (explicite)
percentaged (explicit)
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 11
Analysis of legally binding land-use plans in Frankfurt
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 12
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
1
2
3
4
5
6
average climate-relevant fields per plan trendline average climate-relevant fields per plan (explicit)
trendline (explicit)
Year
clim
ate
-re
leva
nt
field
s o
f a
ctio
n p
er
pla
n
Analysis of legally binding land-use plans in Frankfurt
Climate protection in general (included since 2004 in the building law code) is only used sporadically as a reference from 2010
In the majority of the cases, climate-related measures are coupled with other concerns and can be seen as a positive side effect
There is no stringent approach noticeable towards the density of development and the needs of climate
Climate concerns are being exploited
On the local planning level, the projects generally act only slightly on the (urban) climate or are going to be compensated by smaller measures
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 13
Conclusion
More courageous use of legally binding land-use plans in conjunction with urban planning contracts
Generally applicable standards in legally binding land-use plans across the city may ensure a minimum quality
Concepts for qualitative inner development are necessary
Precise spatial clarification of measures (Spoke and Rays Plan)
Monitoring of determinations in legally binding land-use plans must be carried out (retention of green structures)
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 14
July 5th, 2013 | ERES Conference 2013 Vienna | Christoph Stankiewicz, Hans-Joachim Linke, Andreas Pfnür | 15
Thank you for your interest.
Christoph Stankiewicz – [email protected] Joachim Linke – [email protected]
Technische Universität DarmstadtInstitut für GeodäsieFachgebiet Landmanagement
Petersenstr. 13 | D-64287 Darmstadt | Germany
Fon +49 (0)6151 16-4566 Fax +49 (0)6151 16-4082
Web www.geodesy.tu-darmstadt.de/landmanagement/
Andreas Pfnür – [email protected]
Technische Universität DarmstadtFachbereich Rechts- und WirtschaftswissenschaftenFachgebiet Immobilienwirtschaft & Bau-BWL
Hochschulstraße 1, D-64289 Darmstadt | Germany
Fon + 49 (0)6151 16 37 17Fax + 49 (0)6151 16 44 17
Web www.immobilien-forschung.de
www.wissensordnung.tu-darmstadt.dewww.immobilien-forschung.de www.geodesy.tu-darmstadt.de/landmanagement/