July 2014 Outcrop

OUTCROPNewsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

Volume 63 • No. 7 • July 2014

July 20142Vol. 63, No.7 2

www.rmag.org3OUTCROP

The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is a nonprofit organization whose purposes are to promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical application, to foster scientific research and to encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the RMAG.

The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists910 16th Street • Suite 1214 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303-573-8621

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OUTCROP

President – Matt Silverman [email protected]

President-Elect – Marv Brittenham, [email protected]

1st Vice-President – Michael Dolan [email protected]

2nd Vice-President – Michelle Bishop [email protected]

Secretary – Nick Nelson [email protected]

Treasurer – Reed Johnson [email protected]

Treasurer Elect – Paul Lillis [email protected]

Counselor (2 Year) – Laura L. Wray [email protected]

Counselor (1 Year) – Terri Olson [email protected]

2014 Officers and Board of Directors

Advertising rates apply to either black and white or color ads. Submit color ads in RGB color to be compatible with web format.Borders are recommended for advertisements that comprise less than one half page. Digital files must be PC compatible submitted in png, jpg, tif, pdf or eps formats at a minimum of 300 dpi. If you have any questions, please call the RMAG office at 303-573-8621.

Ad copy, signed contract and payment must be received before advertising insertion. Contact the RMAG office for details.

DEADLINES: ad submissions are the 1st of every month for the following month's publication.

The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists910 16th Street, Suite 1214 • Denver, CO 80202-2997

RMAG Staff Executive Director Carrie Veatch, MA [email protected] & Events Manager Hannah [email protected] Specialist Emily [email protected] Carol Dalton [email protected]

Managing EditorKristine Peterson [email protected]

Associate EditorsHolly Sell [email protected] [email protected] Whitney [email protected] [email protected]/ProductionDebbie Downs [email protected] Noon Luncheon Reservations RMAG Office: 303-573-8621Fax: [email protected] or www.rmag.org

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July 20144Vol. 63, No.7 4

RMAG May Board of Directors MeetingBy Nick Nelson, Secretary ([email protected])

This month’s board meeting was held on May 21st, 2014. The meeting started off on a good note with the financials for the month. So far for the year things are continuing to look good, with several events already behind us the overall numbers we are seeing are typical for this time of year. The income we have now allows the organization to fund the latter half of the year when the overall number of events drops and we need the capital to keep everything going at full speed. Something exciting happened this month, something that has not happened for quite some time. The board moved a significant sum of money into the long-term savings account, this is an account that has helped the organization in leaner times.

The RMAG Golf Tournament was just before the board meeting this month, but the preliminary numbers show that is was a great success again this year. The registrations were sold out and we had a good amount of corporate sponsorship again this year. Regrettably I was not able to attend the golf tournament, but the word on the street is that the event was filled with some incredible golf as well as some geologic shenanigans.

When this issue reaches your eyes we will be just a few weeks from the RMS-AAPG meeting in Denver, and the various committees continue to plan at a feverish

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pace. Booth space was filling up and registrations were increasing by the day. If you have not yet registered at this point, be sure to go to the RMAG website and click on the link to the registration page. The agenda is on the website as well, and I can tell you that I continue to find talks that peak my interest.

Be sure during the convention when you see your favorite board member wandering the convention center to stop and say hello and give them your feedback on any of the events or publications that we put together. Now it is time to finish reading this issue of the Outcrop and get outside and enjoy the wonderful Colorado weather and don’t forget to put on some sunscreen.

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OUTCROP

Volume 63 • No. 7 • July 2014

COVER PHOTOPennsylvanian Honaker Trail Formation

overlying the Paradox Formation (4 members) on the Raplee Anticline, San Juan River, Utah. Photo by Chris Carroll.

Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

Features 7 RMS/AAPG Cracking

The Source Highlights11 2015 AAPG ACE in

Denver16 Lead Story: Toward

an Understanding of Denver's Mountain Front Structure – An "On-the-Rocks" Field Trip Led by Ned Sterne

28 Mineral of the Month: July

association news12 Early Alert-RMAG

Publication: Oil & Gas Fields of Colorado

13 The Outcrop Needs YOU!

14 Save the Date!21 2014 RMAG Dues

Renewal23 RMAG Monthly

Luncheon Sponsor Commitment Form

24 Thank You to 2013 Foundation Donors

26 Submit a Manuscript to The Mountain Geologist

30`Thank you! To all 2014 golf sponsors

34 The Beautiful Vail Valley: A Classroom in Geologic Hazards and Mitigation

35 Connect with RMAG Online!

37 RMAG 2014 Summit Sponsors

Departments 4 RMAG May Board

of Directors Meeting 6 President's Column25 In the Pipeline29 RMAG Luncheon

Programs36 New Members38 Advertisers Index38 Calendar of Events

July 20146Vol. 63, No.7 6

Frequently Asked Questions

President’s ColumnBy Matt Silverman

Enough about Fracking! Let’s do some FAQing. Here are a few questions about RMAG that I have been asked frequently:Q. Why aren’t the Outcrop and The Mountain Geologist published on paper anymore?

A. As our Treasurer, Reed Johnson, described in a previous issue of the Outcrop, the decision was made in 2011 to discontinue printing the Outcrop and The Mountain Geologist in subsequent years due to escalating printing/mailing costs. This was a painful decision, but one that ultimately had to be made for the financial security of the organization. All members were given the option to subscribe to print copies, but response to this was very limited.

The decision to go digital saves RMAG about $70,000 in printing and mailing expenses per year. This amounts to over 10% of our annual budget. (Petroleum Information used to print and mail the Outcrop for us gratis, but they quit doing so many years ago.) If you would like to have a printed version of either publication, please stop by the RMAG office and the staff would be more than happy to print one for you. Q. Why do the Wednesday luncheons cost $30 (or why do the walk-ins cost $10)?

A. The prices are directly related to our cost from the Marriott, and we don’t have other viable choices for a luncheon venue. We actually charge less for the luncheons than our cost. We’ve looked, believe me, and their prices are competitive for an adequate, reliable downtown Denver location. It is also in the best interest of RMAG to continue to hold luncheons at a hotel venue (albeit more expensive), so that we are able to book our larger events such as symposiums. Generally hotels will not book a one day event if you do not have repeat business with them. I know some members are unhappy about the costs, but we lose money on most of the luncheons as it is. Only the best-attended of our luncheons break even or make money. I don’t think a price reduction would be balanced by increased attendance.

Continued on page 8 »


Rocky Mountain Section—AAPG Annual Meeting July 20-22, 2014 in Denver, CO at the Colorado Convention Center

Visit www.aapgrms.org/2014 to register!

The RMS-AAPG Annual Meeting Highlights: Two full days of technical presentations

— Everything You Wanted to Know About Source Rocks I and II

— Advanced Technologies for Visualization and Completion

— New Structural Investigations: Rockies and Beyond

— Stratigraphy of Rocky Mountain Basins and Beyond

— Petrophysical Techniques for Core and Log Analysis

— Reservoir Characterization Blending Conventional and Emerging Technologies

Teacher’s Program at Dinosaur Ridge

All-Convention Luncheon: Robert D. Jarrett, Ph.D., “Colorado’s Extraordinary Flooding in 2013”

Two Core Poster Sessions

Three Short Courses

— Beyond Porosity: Petrophysics for Geologists

— Source Rocks 101

— Heath Core Workshop

A Night at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, July 21st

Four Field Trips

— Unconventional Reservoirs and Stratigraphy of the Southern Denver Basin: Graneros, Green horn, Carlile, and Niobrara Formations

— The Eagle Basin: An Over-mature Hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic Basin Hiding in Plain Sight Amidst the Laramide Rockies

— Student and YP trip: Ancestral Rockies to the Western Interior Seaway: Geology and Petrole-um Implications of the Morrison, CO Area

— Permian Depositional Systems, Cycles, and Petroleum Geology Along the Northern CO Front Range

Social and Networking Events For more information, visit: www.aapgrms.org/2014

July 20148Vol. 63, No.7 8

President's ColumnContinued from page 6

Q. How are we doing on membership?

A. We’re doing well and trying to grow. We have about 1,900 members now. Our records are incomplete but that’s essentially identical to the number 10 years ago, in 2004. We recently formed a Membership Committee, now chaired by Stephanie Gaswirth, which is actively engaged in the Three Rs of membership: Recruitment, Relevance and Retention.Q. How about a printed membership directory?

A. The RMAG website of fers a searchable membership directory that you can update and access free, 24/7. Its functionality is limited now but we are in the process of upgrading it to include lots more demographic, professional and contact information. We have recently added the ability to add the school you attended, degree earned, date of birth, year you joined RMAG and name of your spouse, if applicable. Stay tuned.Q. Are we raising money from sources other than dues?

A. Our biggest sources of income are: 1. Summit Sponsorship2. The 3D Seismic Symposium 3. AAPG meetings in Denver, like the

Rocky Mountain Section meeting later this month (be sure to register at www.aapgrms.org/2014)

4. Membership dues Q. Why doesn’t RMAG offer a lifetime membership option?

A. A few smaller local societies but none of the international groups like AAPG do this. It would require a multiple of the annual dues of about 10x to make this work. We’ve looked into it several times in the past but have steered away for two reasons.

1. As our accountant, Carol Dalton, explained to me, since we use the


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July 201410Vol. 63, No.7 10

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accrual accounting system, one year of the lifetime dues payment would be recorded as revenue and the balance would be carried on the balance sheet as a liability. This would have to be tracked very closely, and every following year we would move one year of dues from the balance sheet to the P&L statement as dues revenue. The extra labor aside, the real problem comes in (ironically) if this is popular and many members purchase a lifetime membership. Then we have an influx of money the first year and for 9 years after we show revenue but we don’t have the cash because we collected it and most likely spent it the first year or two. This could negatively impact cash flow for many years to come. And, of course, after that, lifetime members are paying nothing.

2. Current dues are $41. An informal survey of large employers indicates that most will pay annual dues for their employees, but not $400 multi-year memberships. I think a lot of independents and consultants feel the same way. What do you think?Q. Why didn’t I get a membership renewal notice?

A. Dunno. We sent one by first class mail last year and the year before to everyone who was a member in 2012 or 2013 for whom we had an address. Then we followed up several times by email in 2013 and 2014 to everyone with a lapsed membership but for whom we had an email address. Please check the online membership directory to make sure your contact info is up-to-date, or call the office: 303-573-8621. We want to stay in touch.Q. How do I ask another question?

A. Please email me at [email protected]. I would be very happy to respond.

President's ColumnContinued from page 8

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2015 AAPG ACE in DenverBy John Robinson

AAPG’s Annual Convention and Exhibition (ACE) is coming to Denver May 31 to June 3, 2015, and will be held in conjunction with SEPM at the Colorado Convention Center. This is the big one and we are expecting a huge turnout for technical sessions, field trips, short courses, luncheons and social activities. Denver, as you might expect, is a very popular destination for this meeting.

So far, the organizing committee consists of 54 committee members representing all of the elements that make up the convention. This number does not include additional volunteers who will review abstracts, run short courses, field trips and teacher programs, judge speakers, and shepherd dozens of student volunteers.

We have three outstanding individuals at the top of our organization chart. Jim Emme is the General Vice Chair for the meeting and has responsibility for the Judges, Teacher Program, Guests, Volunteers, Exhibits and Sponsorship. No small task. He is Executive Vice President North America for Endeavour International Corporation. Donna Anderson, who splits her time as a Geological Advisor at EOG Resources in Denver and as a Research Associate Professor at Colorado School of Mines in Golden, is the Technical Program Chair. The Technical Program “drives the meeting” as you might suspect, and Donna is driving the Theme Chairs to deliver the most relevant new research and applied science to attendees. Robert Cluff, President of The Discovery Group Inc. in Denver, is the SEPM Program Chair. SEPM members have historically delivered 40% of the technical program, field trips and short courses to this meeting.

Next month we will provide more information on the content of the meeting Themes (there are 10) and the individuals who are responsible for each theme. In subsequent articles, we will cover, among other topics, Field Trips, Short Courses, Teacher Programs, and more. The Call for Abstracts is now open at AAPG.org. Be the first to submit your paper.

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July 201412Vol. 63, No.7 12


The Outcrop Needs YOU!

Have you attended a great lecture or read an interesting new geology or energy book? Have you attended a class or gone on a field trip that would interest the membership? Have you learned a new technique or found some great public domain software? Share your research so we can grow together. We are looking for articles about the new water laws, basin modeling on the “cheap,” new geologic trails or programs, legislative concerns, new technology.

Please be sure to include a phone number and make sure our emails are white-listed. We have had a few submissions that we wished to run but we could not reach the submitters by email and had no other contact information.

We need articles and photos for the Outcrop!

Send in your article or photo today!

Kristine [email protected]

Please submit your ideas or articles and photos to:

Greg Guyer [email protected]

Holly Sell [email protected]

Cheryl Whitney [email protected]

July 201414Vol. 63, No.7 14

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July 201416Vol. 63, No.7 16

LEAD STORY Toward an Understanding of Denver’s Mountain Front Structure – An "On-the-Rocks" Field Trip Led by Ned SterneBy Connie Knight

Ned Sterne received an overwhelming “two thumbs up” from those RMAG members who participated in the May 24, 2014 “On the Rocks” field trip. Ned did an outstanding job of integrating: past geologic work; subsurface information, including well-log and seismic data; and detailed recent surface investigations. We wholeheartedly thank both Ned and Ron Pritchett for organizing and handling the field-trip logistics for this amazing trip. You both did a great job.

In the words of veteran geologist Duane Moredock: “The trip was possibly the best 'one man leader' field trips that I have ever attended. Ned sure did a great job providing the data and explaining his conclusions with the rocks right in front of you.” In the words of younger geologist Ian Hogan: “The trip was awesome! Are all the On the Rocks trips that good?”

Ned introduced the participants to “classic” and “evolved” triangle fault-zone terminologies. He talked about the kinematic development of evolved triangle zones and demonstrated the significance of recognizing stacked triangle zones in the rock record. An index of the field trip stops is shown as Figure 1. Of particular interest


Stop 2 Turkey Creek

Stop 1 Wooly Mammoth P&R

Stop 5 North Golden

Stop 7 Ralston Buttes - Coal Creek

RMAG On The Rocks Field Trip 5-24-14 Stop Index

Stop Index

Stop 1

Stops 3&4 Mt Zion & CSM

Stop 6 Ralston Reservoir

Figure 1: Index map of the field trip stops. Due to weather concerns, we visited the field trip stops in reverse order (i.e. Stop 7 was our first stop.)


Lead Story

was Ned’s discussion of the Golden Fault System. Over past decades, prominent geologists who have worked on the “Golden Fault,” have produced various divergent interpretations. By reviewing these older interpretations in light of new work, Ned presented his hypothesis that the Golden Fault is actually multiple faults in a stacked triangle-zone fault system. Understanding the components of triangle zones has far reaching oil and gas exploration significance. In fact, Ned was eager to show us some interesting subsurface exploration possibilities.

(Left) Ralston Buttes Stop: Using seismic data, which was procured as part of the Rocky Flats Geologic Characterization efforts, Ned presents a “stacked triangle-zone” interpretation for faulting west of the Rocky Flats facility.

Ned organizing the troops after convening at the Wooly Mammoth parking lot.


All photos by Duane Moredock, Ron Pritchett, and Connie Knight.

July 201418Vol. 63, No.7 18


Lead Story

Ralston Reservoir Stop: Mel Klinger and L.J. Karr showing the discordant bedding dip angles. Mel is depicting steep bedding dips related to back thrusting. L.J. is showing overturned bedding in front of the thrust.

Our leaders Ned Sterne and Ron Pritchett at the Ralston Buttes field trip stop.

Ralston Reservoir Stop: Ned Sterne’s detailed shallow interpretation of the North Ralston section.

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Lead StoryContinued from page 18

North Golden Stop: Tear fault in the Dakota Hogback.

North Golden Stop: Ned Sterne amazing the troops.

Lunch along the north bank of Clear Creek in Golden. Pictured field-trip participants are Ken Scott Phyllis Scott and Jim Price

North Golden Stop: Logan McMillan and Ron Parker solving structural complexities.

Turkey Creek Stop: Upper Dakota Group stratigraphy and “J” Sandstone (including oil saturation) above the Skull Creek Shale.

Turkey Creek Stop: Geologists examining the Turkey Creek oil seep and discussing the interrelationships of stratigraphy, structural geology, and oil occurrence.

Mt. Zion Stop: Group photo of enlightened geologists. North Table Mountain is in the background.


Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, RMAG 910 16th Street Mall, Suite 1214, Denver, CO 80202

(303) 573-8621 phone (303) 628-0546 fax

www.rmag.org [email protected]

2014 RMAG Dues Renewal

Name:____________________________________________________________________________________ Last First Please select one: No change in contact information Please update my contact information: Address: __________________________________________________________________________________ City: ___________________________________ State: ______________ Zip Code: _____________________ Email address: _____________________________________________________________________________

2014 Dues: $41.00 (December 1, 2013 - November 30, 2014)

Other Optional Contributions: RMAG Contribution: $_________

(which supports the calendar of 2014 of RMAG events, including short courses, symposia, social events, monthly luncheons, and more)

RMAG Foundation General Fund Contribution: $_________ (which helps support the following: Norman H. Foster Scholarship, University of Colorado (Bolyard) Scholarship, Colorado School of Mines (CSM) Scholarship, Colorado State University (CSU) Scholarship, Veterans Memorial Scholarship, Stone/Hollberg Graduate Scholarship in Structural Geology, Philip J. McKenna Scholarship, Babcock Scholarship)

Total Contribution Payment: $_________ All contributions are tax deductible under section 501(c)(3) of the IRS.

Please return this form with payment: Payments may be made by check (payable to RMAG) or credit card (please either fill out the enclosed credit card authorization form or go to www.rmag.org to pay online).

Easy steps to update your membership online: 1. Go to RMAG website at www.rmag.org 2. Click on MEMBERSHIP 3. Under MEMBERSHIP, click on Member Log In 4. Under the Member Login box, click where it says “Forgot your information? Click here” 5. Enter your current email address 6. You will then receive an email with your login information

If this is unsuccessful, please contact the RMAG office at (303) 573-8621 or by email at [email protected] for further assistance.

PLEASE NOTE OUR NEW SUITE NUMBER – 910 16TH STREET MALL, SUITE 1214, DENVER, CO 80202

2014 RMAG Dues Renewal

July 201422Vol. 63, No.7 22


RMAG MONTHLY LUNCHEON—Sponsor Commitment Form

Deadline: The 1st of the Prior Month (i.e. June 1st for July Luncheon)

RMAG holds monthly luncheons, typically the first Wednesday of each month. The RMAG luncheon pro-gram provides a professional format for networking, cultivating local/regional activity awareness and expo-sure to emerging exploration and technology.

LUNCHEON SPONSOR - $500 per luncheon Please Note Preferred Month:__________________________________________ Donated funds will go toward the overall cost of the luncheon. Benefits: Company will be recognized in up to 2 emails to the RMAG membership about the luncheon, company logo in PowerPoint presentation looping prior to RMAG monthly luncheon, verbal recognition of company at the luncheon, and company logo on RMAG’s luncheon section of website

LUNCHEON POWERPOINT SPONSOR - $100 per luncheon Please Note Preferred Month:___________________________________________ Company logo in PowerPoint presentation looping prior to RMAG monthly luncheon and company logo on RMAG’s luncheon section of website

CUSTOMIZED LUNCHEON POWERPOINT SLIDE - $125 per luncheon Please Note Preferred Month:___________________________________________ Customized slide in PowerPoint presentation looping prior to RMAG monthly luncheon and company logo on RMAG’s luncheon section of website

Please make checks payable to: RMAG Mail payment and a copy of this form to: RMAG, 910 16th Street Mall, Suite 1214, Denver, CO 80202

OR Pay by credit card VISA, MASTERCARD, AMERICAN EXPRESS, DISCOVER and email this form to [email protected]

Card #: Exp. Date: ______________ _ Security Code: ___________Name on Card (Please Print): _________________________ _______ SPONSOR CONTACT INFORMATION: Contact Name: ___________________________ Company: ________________________________ Email: _________________________________________ Phone #: __________________________

Thank you for suppor�ng the RMAG!

July 201424Vol. 63, No.7 24

THANK YOU TO 2013 FOUNDATION DONORS

The Trustees of the RMAG Foundation wish to thank and acknowledge the generous support of the Foundation’s donors in 2013. Over $53,000 was raised for student scholarships and the general fund which supports geologic endeavors within the Rocky Mountain scientific community at large. The Foundation awarded 7 scholarships in 2013 totaling $17,500 and an additional $17,000 was awarded to these deserving organizations:

AAPG Imperial Barrel Award- Rocky Mtn Section AAPG Student Leadership Conference- Rocky Mtn Section Friends of Dinosaur Ridge- Boys and Girl Scout days Morrison Natural History Museum- Inner City School attendance PTTC Futures in Energy- Rocky Mtn Section Colorado State Science Fair winners Golden Pick Award RMAG Guidebook Mineral sets for Denver Public Schools Colorado Science Teacher of the Year

Thank You all for your continued support!

Abbot, William Bailey, RV Barrett, William Bell, Richard Blajszczak, Richard Bollenbacher, John Bortz, Louis Brittenham, Marvin Broten, Jim Brown, Charles "Elmo" Butler, Arthur Charbonneau, Roger Clifford C Clark Collinson, James Conti, Louis Coskey, Robert Covey, Curtis Crouch, Jane Crouch, Marshall Cygan, Norbert Desmond, Robert & Julia Enterline, Ted Eschner, Terence Estes-Jackson, Jane

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September 3, 2014RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Murray W. Hitzman,

“Induced Seismicity Potential of Energy Technologies.”

September 25, 2014RMAG 2nd Annual Sporting Clay Tournament.

October 1, 2014RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Michael Holmes,

Digital Formation, Inc. “A comparasion of petrophysical analytic sequesnt to describe both conventional and unconventional reservoirs.”

October 22, 2014RMAG Pronghorn/Three Forks Core Workshop.

December 10-12, 2014NAPE Rockies. Colorado Convention Center.

In the Pipeline

If you have any events that you would like to post in this column, please submit via email to the RMAG office at [email protected] for consideration.

»

July 2, 2014RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Christopher Laughery.

“Petroleum Systems Modeling Research: Modeling Physical and Chemical Processes from Basin to Nano-Scale.”

July 20-22, 2014AAPG Annual Meeting-Rocky Mountain Section.

Colorado Convention Center. Denver, CO. Visit www.aapgrms.org.

July 23, 2014Oilfield Christian Fellowship Luncheon. 303-675-

2602.

August 6, 2014RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Ron Broadhead,

“Overview of selected shale plays in New Mexico.”

August 9, 2014RMAG- On the Rocks Field Trip. Topic: Vail Valley

Hazards. Trip Leader: Dr. Vince Matthews.

July 201426Vol. 63, No.7 26

The Mountain Geologist is a quarterly, online, peer-reviewed

journal published by the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

since 1964. Circulation is about 2200. Editors for The Mountain

Geologist welcome manuscripts that focus on or relate to geology

of the U.S. Rocky Mountain region and environs.

When writing a manuscript for The Mountain Geologist, please

refer to the downloadable “Author Style Guide” found under

“Publications – The Mountain Geologist” on the RMAG website:

www.rmag.org It is important to write your manuscript according

to this style guide to mitigate revision time for both authors and

editors. The “Author Style Guide” was last revised in 2014. If

authors have questions, please send inquiries to the Executive

Editor at [email protected] or refer to issues published in 2014.

Index and Back Issues

A bibliography and index is available on the RMAG website

(1964- 2009, see The Mountain Geologist web page, www.rmag.

org). See also, “Cumulative Bibliography and Index to The Mountain

Geologist, 1999-2010” by Michele Bishop, The Mountain Geologist,

July 2011, v. 48, no. 3, p. 59-80.

Back issues of the journal are available on DVD (The Mountain

Geologist 1964-2005 except 1985, v. 22, no. 4; The Mountain

Geologist 2006-2010 with 1985, v. 22, no. 4) available through the

RMAG office, 303-573-8621, or online on the RMAG website. Some

back print issues are available from the RMAG office for $15.

»Submit a Manuscript to


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July 201428Vol. 63, No.7

MINERAL OF THE MONTH: July – TennatiteBy Cheryl Whitney

The sample above was taken from the Longfellow Mine in Ouray Colorado. The mineral now resides at the Colorado School of Mines Mineral Museum. Photo Courtesy of Colorado School of Mines Mineral Museum.

Mineral Name: TennantiteMineral Composition: (Cu12As4S13)Color: iron blackStreak: gray black to iron blackLuster: Metallic Crystal System: IsometricSpecific Gravity: 4.6.5.1Mohs Scale of Harness: 3-4.5Fun fact: Tennantite has complete solid solution with Tetrahedrite, and is so similar in physical and crystal properties that they are impossible to tell apart without chemical analysis. References: Klein, Cornelis, and Cornelius Searle Hurlbut. The 22nd Edition of the Manual of Mineral Science: (after James D. Dana). New York; Toronto: J. Wiley, 2002. ...Next month a newly named mineral: darrellhenryite

Have a mineral you want to see? E-mail [email protected]


RMAG Luncheon Programs

The Marcellus Formation in northeast Pennsylvania produces gas from post mature marine mudrocks. Organic matter reached the metagenetic stage of thermal evolution. Mean vitrinite reflectance increases from 2.5 percent in Bradford County to ~4.5 percent in Sullivan and Wyoming counties, before decreasing to ~3 percent adjacent to the Jack’s Mountain Anticlinorium in Luzerne County. In the most mature Marcellus samples (prehnite-pumpellyte facies), measured kerogen H/C and O/C ratios are 0.4 and 0.06, respectively. Mean illite crystallite thickness is 211 Å and the Kübler Index is 0.428.

The isotope composition of production and mud gases collected from 24 wells in the highest maturity area implies high thermal stress. Production δ13C1 ranges from -28.69 to -24‰. Mud gas δ13C1 ranges from -27.3 to -21.5‰. All gases exhibit carbon isotope reversals with respect to carbon number. δ13C1 approaches, or is heavier than, δ13CKEROGEN. Production gases exhibit hydrogen isotope reversals (methane δ2H > ethane δ2H). δ13CO2 ranges from -19.7 to -10.2‰.

The δ13C and δ2H isotope reversals may be interpreted in one of four ways: (1) mixing of gases from different sources, (2) a combination of mixing, Rayleigh fractionation of C2 and C3, and exchange of methane hydrogen with formation water, (3) water-reforming followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and (4) destruction of C2+ alkanes followed by reforming via gas-phase radical recombination reactions.

Post mature Marcellus prospects are limited by thermal maturity, geologic structure, hydrocarbon residence time, and loss of organic porosity. Gas isotopes help to predict well performance. Productive wells have δ13C1 ≥ δ13CKEROGEN, δ13C2-3 < δ13CKEROGEN, and high δ13C1-3

correlation. Marginal wells have δ13C1 ≥ δ13CKEROGEN, δ13C2-3 < δ13CKEROGEN, and variable δ13C1-3 correlation. Unproductive wells have δ13C1 > δ13CKEROGEN, δ13C2 ≥ δ13CKEROGEN, trace C3+, and poor δ13C1-3 correlation.

Geochemical Characterization of Post Mature Gases from Middle Devonian Marcellus Formation, Northern Appalachian Basin, USA – Insights into Deep Basin Hydrocarbon Generation, Alteration, and Productivity By C. D. Laughrey, Weatherford Laboratories, Golden, CO, July 2nd

The isotope composition of production and mud gases collected from 24 wells in the highest maturity area implies high thermal stress.

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July 201430Vol. 63, No.7 30

Steve Kirkwood

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RMAG Luncheon Programs Continued from page 29

Earthquakes attributable to human activities—“induced seismic events” —have received heightened public attention in the United States over the past several years. Upon request from the U.S. Congress and the Department of Energy, the National Research Council was asked to assemble a committee of experts to examine the scale, scope, and consequences of seismicity induced during fluid injection and withdrawal associated with geothermal energy development, oil and gas development, and carbon capture and storage (CCS). The committee’s report, publicly released in June 2012, indicates that induced seismicity associated with fluid injection or withdrawal is caused in most cases by change in pore fluid pressure and/or change in stress in the subsurface in the presence of faults with specific properties and orientations and a critical state of stress in the rocks. The factor that appears to have the most direct consequence in regard to induced seismicity is the net fluid balance (total balance of fluid introduced into or removed from the subsurface). Energy technology projects that are designed to maintain a balance between the amount of fluid being injected and withdrawn, such as most oil and gas development projects, appear to produce fewer seismic events than projects that do not maintain fluid balance. Major findings from the study include: (1) as presently implemented, the process of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas recovery does not pose a high risk for inducing felt seismic events; (2) injection for disposal of waste water derived from energy technologies does pose some risk for induced seismicity, but very few events have been documented over the past several decades relative to the large number of disposal wells in operation; and (3) CCS, due to the large net volumes of injected fluids suggested for future large-scale carbon storage projects, may have potential for inducing larger seismic events.

Induced Seismicity Potential of Energy TechnologiesBy Murray W. Hitzman, Dept. of Geology & Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, September 3rd

The factor that appears to have the most direct consequence in regard to induced seismicity is the net fluid balance (total balance of fluid introduced into or removed from the subsurface).


Outcrop Deadlinesfor the Outcrop advertising is the 1st of the month, the

deadline for other content is the 5th of the month.

July 201432Vol. 63, No.7 32


Digital Formation has developed a series of petrophysical models to analyze reservoir properties. A demonstration of how the models can be combined into a comprehensive petrophysical reservoir evaluation will be presented.

In addition to standard deterministic petrophysical analysis, the method includes information from:

Rock Physics ModelingCreate pseudo acoustic (both compressional and shear) curves, based on

Gassmann and Kreif geophysical models. The model allows for the estimate of acoustic data where no (or limited) acoustic data exists. From this modeling, mechanical properties including brittle vs. ductile distinction can be made. Reference Holmes, SPWLA 2004, SEG 2005.

Relative Permeability ModelingProcedures are available to estimate profiles of irreducible water saturation,

which can be compared with the actual water saturation. Reference Holmes AAPG 2009. Using the technique of Corey (1954) continuous profiles of relative and effective permeabilities to both wetting and on-wetting phases can be created. Knowing viscosities of reservoir fluids water/oil or gas/water ratios can be determined as continuous curves.

Petrophysical Analysis of Unconventional ReservoirsMethods for examination of the shale intervals independently of the clean

formation are considered in addition to kerogen and total organic carbon

A Comparison of Petrophysical Analytic Sequence to Describe Both Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs.By Michael Holmes, Digital Formation, Inc., October 1st

Continued from page 31

Using the technique of Corey (1954) continuous profiles of relative and effective permeabilities to both wetting and on-wetting phases can be created.

Luncheon will be held at the Marriott City Center at California and 17th St. Please check the event listing in the lobby for the room. Check-in/walk-in registration begins at 11:30 a.m., lunch is served at 12:00 noon, and the talk begins at 12:20 p.m. The luncheon price is $30.00. To listen only to the talk, walk-in price is $10.00. If you make a reservation and do not attend the luncheon, you will be billed for the luncheon. Online registration closes at 4:00 p.m. on the Thursday before the luncheon. Cancellations are not guaranteed after that time.

LUncheon ReseRvAtIons & InfoRMAtIon

Call 303-573-8621, email [email protected],

or register online. Your attendance is welcomed and

encouraged. Bring a guest or new member!


Joseph H. Large President

www.rpmconsultinginc.com1600 Broadway, Suite 1510, Denver, CO 80202

(Office) 303 595 7625 | (Fax) 303 595 7628

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Horizontal Bakken, Mission Canyon, Red River,

Dupero, Three Forks and Ratcliff formations

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(TOC) content of the reservoir which is crucial to the overall assessment of the hydrocarbon potential. Quantitative calculations of free and adsorbed hydrocarbons need to be assessed for a complete analysis. We have developed a technique to identify small to very small volumes of “free shale porosity” not associated with TOC. Reference AAPG 2010, 2011, 2013.

fracture AnalysisThis procedure was developed to

estimate the presence of fractures – both open and healed – from standard open hole logs. Anonymously rapid rates of change are attributed to fractures. If the trend is to higher porosity, open fractures are suggested. Alternatively if the trend is to lower porosity, healed or cemented fractures are indicated. For wells with image logs, we have observed fair to good correlations with imaged identified fractures.

The presentation will show how these various models can be combined with standard analytic procedures to derive a full evaluation of reservoir potential:

Porosity, fluid saturation, shale • volume, permeability

In-place and recoverable • hydrocarbons

Free hydrocarbons in the shale • fraction

TOC and adsorbed hydrocarbons•

Profiles of relative and effective • permeabilities to the fluid phases

Profile of water/hydrocarbon • rations

Brittle vs. ductile distinction• Examples from unconventional oil

and gas reservoirs of North America are presented.


»

July 201434Vol. 63, No.7

What hazards lurk in beautiful Vail Valley? Join us on Saturday, August 9, as Dr. Vince Matthews leads us on a trip to view landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, sinkholes and avalanche hazards as well as some of the mitigation efforts that have been made to reduce risks from these hazards.

Vail Valley is located in the physiographic center of the Southern Rocky Mountains in central Colorado. The town of Vail is a mountainous community nestled between the Gore Range and the Sawatch Ranges. The ground elevation along the field trip route is highest at 10,549 feet on Vail Pass, the elevation at the base of the ski resort is 8,200 feet, and the lowest elevation at the confluence of the Gore Creek and Eagle River is at

The Beautiful Vail Valley: A Classroom in Geologic Hazards and MitigationOn-the-Rocks Field Trip Led by Dr. Vince Matthews, August 9th

Stop 1 and 9. Vail Pass Rest Area

Stop 2. Black Gore Creek

Stop 3. Whiskey Creek Landslide & Avon Sinkholes

Stop 4. Dowds Jct. Landslides

Stop 5. Meadow Mt. Landslide & Minturn Rockfall

Stop 8. Landslides

Stop 6. Debris Fan, Avalanche, & Landslide

Stop 7. Booth Creek Rockfall & Debris Flow

7,727 feet. There will be little walking on the trip. The valley has a variety of geological hazards that

are typical of mountainous terrain. The risk of adverse impacts from landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, and avalanche hazards controls the development within Vail Valley along Gore Creek. The Town of Vail has adopted official geologic hazard maps for planning purposes. Several excellent examples of the consequences of following recommended mitigations, as well as examples of the consequences of ignoring recommended mitigations, will be pointed out on this trip.

The field trip will begin on August 9 at the Vail Pass Rest Area at milepost 190 on I-70. We will begin gathering at 8:30 a.m. and the field trip will begin at 9:00


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a.m. at the rest area where we will discuss the general geology of the area and the challenges of building the highway.

From there we will go to the west end of Avon where we will view the massive Whiskey Creek landslide and talk about evaporite sinkholes in Colorado, stopping at some of the landslide mitigation on the way down from Vail Pass.

Dowds Junction is at the intersection of I-70 and Highway 24 (at exit 171 on I-70) where we will view landslides and rockfalls; these hazards have impacted I-70 and the interchange structures at Dowds Junction since the highway was constructed in the late 1960s. A huge landslide mass and rockfall near Dowds Junction threaten the town of Minturn.

From there we will backtrack to East Vail where avalanche paths that outlet onto alluvial fans are a significant hazard on the south side of I-70 and a sizeable landslide north of the road continually cause problems on I-70. Our next stop will at Booth Creek where erosion of steep cliffs capped by glacial till have caused rockfalls that have damaged several homes. We will get a good display of the effects of mitigation where utilized and the contrasting effects of ignoring the hazard.

Our last stop is to observe cantilevering mitigation for landslides that was instituted during construction of the Interstate. And we will also discuss hazards and mitigation in East Vail.

We will carpool from the Vail Pass rest area and return there at the end of the trip, hopefully more aware of Mother Nature’s power. Bring a lunch, water and sunscreen. Sign up at rmag.org under Events, On the Rocks Field Trips. Cost of the trip is $10 for professionals; free for students and educators.

The Beautiful Vail Valley

»

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July 201436Vol. 63, No.7

New MembersWelcome to New RMAG Members...

Lorraine Baline is a Geological Specialist at EOG Resources, Inc.

Eric Barton lives in Golden CO.

Adr ian Ber r y works a t Anadarko Petroleum.

Magell Candelaria works at Range Resources Corporation.

Andrew Charbonneau is a Vice President at Decollement Consulting.

Dan Charbonneau works at Decollement Consulting.

Robert Dickerson works at S.M. Stoller Corporation.

Charles Doe is a Geologist at Steve Doe, Independent Geologist.

Ernest Espinosa lives in Aurora CO.

Natal ie Givens works at Denbur y Resources.

Clint Hipke is a Senior Geologist at Energy Corporation of America.

Kathryn Johnson lives in Hill City SD.

Peter Kondrat is a Senior Geologist at DJ Simmons.

Karl Languirand is an Environmental Services Manager at Materials Testing & Inspection.

Charlie Moog works at University of Colorado Boulder.

Eric Nelson is a Senior Geologist at Forest Oil Corp.

Alba Perez works at Hess Corporation.

Christopher Ross is a Geophysicist at Cross Quantitative Interpretation, LP.

Andre Scheinwald lives in Denver CO.

Brandon Sejera works at Decollement.

Stephen Solokis is a VP US Operation at Tesla Exploration.

David Tabet lives in Salt Lake City, UT.

Buck Unsderfer lives in Denver, CO. »

www.rmag.org37OUTCROP www.rmag.org37OUTCROP

July 201438Vol. 63, No.7 38

July 2014 anuary 1 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

Advertisers IndexAAPG .............................................. 22

Bowler Petrophysics ......................27

Bradsby Group ............................... 25

Breckenridge Geophysical ............17

Canadian Discovery ...................... 11

Columbine Logging ....................... 19

Daub & Associates ....................... 36

Decollement Consulting, Inc ..........8

The Discovery Group, Inc. ..............36

Dolan Integration Group ................19

Donovan Brothers Inc. ................29

Fluid Inclusion Technologies .....27

Geosteering .................................28

Great Western Oil & Gas ............33

Gustavson, John B.......................27

Horizontal Solutions Intl. ............11

Karo, James C. .............................. 6

Lario Oil & Gas Company ............19

MJ Systems .................................18

Mazzullo Energy Corp. ................14

Newfield Exploration .................. 14

Noble Energy ............................... 27

RBC Wealth Management ......... 35

RPM Geologic, LLC ..................... 33

Stoner Engineering, LLC ............... 9

Summit Mudlogging Services ...... 4

Weatherford Laboratories .......... 15

Weber Law Firm, LLC .................... 6

Whitehead, Neil H. ...................... 14

WPX Energy ................................. 10

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

RMAG Luncheon Speaker:

Christopher Laughery

Oilfield Christian

Fellowship Luncheon

INDEPENDENCE DAY

AAPG Annual Meeting-Rocky Mountain Section

July 20-22

July 2014 Outcrop

Documents

Transcript of July 2014 Outcrop