August, 2009

Nicholas P. Restifo, M.D.Curriculum Vitae

Personal: Born 1960, USA. Married (Maria J. Ionata). Two children.

Address: CRC Room 3-5762, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Ph (301) 496-4904,

Education: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (1983-1987) Doctor of Medicine Degree, May 1987

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (1979-1983)Bachelor of Arts Degree with Honors, May 1983

Chronology of Employment:

2001- Principal Investigator (Full, Independent Scientific Tenure), NCI

1997-2001 Principal Investigator, Tenure-Track, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD

1992-1997 Senior Investigator, National Cancer Institute

1989-1992 National Cancer Institute Biotechnology Fellow, Tumor Immunology Section,National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Steven A. Rosenberg, MD, PhD

1988-1989 Research Fellow, Laboratory of Murray F. Brennan, MDMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY

1988-1989 Staff Physician, Riker's Island Prison, NY, NY

1987-1988 Surgical Intern, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

1984-1985 Research Assistant, New York University School of Medicine, NY, NY

1982-1983 Research Assistant, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD

MD Licensure: New York State: July, 1988, Maryland State: October, 1989

Academic Appointment:

1999- Adjunct Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC

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Research Preceptor, Howard Hughes Medical Institute2004-2005: Anjana Ranganathan, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine2002-2004: Christopher Klebanoff, Emory University School of Medicine2001-2002: Navrose Grewal, University of California at Los Angeles1998-2000: Marc Theoret, Pennsylvania State Univ School of Medicine1996-1998: Dale Chappell, Dartmouth University School of Medicine1994-1995: Jay B Rao, Duke University School of Medicine1993-1994: Michael Wang, Rochester University School of Medicine1992-1993: Barbara J McCabe, Duke University School of Medicine

Activities: Member, NIH Biological Resources Branch (BRB) Oversight Committee (2001-2005) Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI

Member, Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC I) (1996-2000; 2002-2006) Editorial: Consulting Editor, Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005- )

Editor, Journal of Immunotherapy (2000- ) Assistant Editor, Journal of Immunotherapy (1996-1999)Associate Editor, Journal of Immunology (1995-2000)

Honors and Awards:BA with Honors, Johns Hopkins University (1983)New York University School of Medicine Award for Study of Medicine Abroad (Israel, 1987)NIH Technology Transfer Award, 1995NIH Loan Repayment Scholarship, 1996-1998Preceptor for Howard Hughes Research Award Winners:

Christopher Klebanoff (2002), Marc Theoret (2000), Dale Chappell (1998), Jay B Rao (1995), Barbara J McCabe (1993)

Mentor for the International Society for Biologic Therapy Presidential AwardSteven Finkelstein (2003) and Luca Gattinoni (2004)

Winner, Federal Technology Transfer Act Award, 1998, 2001, 2004Winner, Best Paper of the Year by an Intramural Investigator, Cytokine Interest Group,

NIH, 2006Primary Organizer “Basic Aspects of Tumor Immunology” Keystone Symposia,

Keystone, Colorado, 2003Primary Organizer “Basic Aspects of Tumor Immunology II” Keystone Symposia,

Keystone, Colorado, 2005Plenary Address, FOCIS, San Diego, 2007Primary Organizer “The Potent New Anti-Tumor Immunotherapies” Keystone Symposia,

Banff, Canada, 2007Opening Keynote Address, Aspen Symposium on Neuroimmunology, 2007Opening Keynote Address, The Netherlands Association of Immunologists, 2007Plenary Address, International Society for Biological Therapy, 2008Clontech Award for Translational Immunology, 2009

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Patents:

1. Immunogenic chimeras comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence peptide and at least one other peptide, and their uses in vaccines and disease treatments(2005) Restifo, Nicholas P. Rosenberg, Steven A, Bennick, Jack R, Bacik, Igor, Yewdell, Jonathan WExpansion and continuation of previous patent. Patent record available from the Japanese Patent Officehttp://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=JP2005341969&F=0

2. Heterologous boosting immunizations(2005) Chamberlain, Ronald S., Irvine, Kari R., Rosenberg, Steven A., Restifo, Nicholas P. Patent record available from the US Patent Officehttp://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=0&p=1&f=S&l=50&d=PG01&Query=20050100558

3. Recombinant influenza viruses expressing tumor-associated antigens as antitumor agents(2004) Palesi, Peter, Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo, Restifo, Nicholas P. Patent record available from the US Patent Officehttp://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=0&p=1&f=S&l=50&d=PG01&Query=20040253273

4. Enhanced immune response by introduction of cytokine gene and costimulatory molecule B7 gene in a recombinant virus expressing system (1997) ROSENBERG, Steven A., RESTIFO, Nicholas P., MOSS, Bernard Patent record available from the European Patent Office http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP0789774&F=0

5. Heterologous boosting immunizations (2001) Chamberlain, Ronald S., Irvine, Kari R., Rosenberg, Steven A., Restifo, Nicholas P. http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=0&p=1&f=S&l=50&d=PG01&Query=20010036928

6. Recombinant influenza viruses expressing tumor-associated antigens as antitumor agents(1998) GARCIA-SASTRE, Adolfo, PALESE, Peter, ROSENBERG, Steven A., RESTIFO, Nicholas P.http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9848834&F=0

7. Enhancement of dna immunization through the use of cytokines (1998) IRVINE, Kari R., ROSENBERG, Steven A., RESTIFO, Nicholas P. http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9808947&F=0

8. Immunogenic chimeras comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence peptides and at least one other peptide, and their uses in vaccines and disease treatments(1996) RESTIFO, Nicholas P., ROSENBERG, Steven A., BENNINK, Jack R., BACIK, Igor, YEWDELL, Jonathan W. http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP0689551&F=0

9. Heterologous boosting immunizations (1997) CHAMBERLAIN, Ronald S., IRVINE, Kari R., ROSENBERG, Steven A., RESTIFO, Nicholas P. http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9739771&F=0

10. Enhanced immune response by introduction of cytokine gene and/or costimulatory molecule b7 gene in a recombinant virus expressing system (1996) ROSENBERG, Steven A., RESTIFO, Nicholas P., MOSS, Bernard. http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9611279&F=0

11. Immunogenic chimeras comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence peptides and at least one other peptide, and their uses in vaccines and disease treatments(1994) RESTIFO, Nicholas P., ROSENBERG, Steven A., BENNINK, Jack R., BACIK, Igor, YEWDELL, Jonathan W. http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9421680&F=0

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Journal Articles

1. NP Restifo and D Lewis. Three case reports of a single homicidal adolescent. Am J Psychiatry, 142(3): 388, 1985.

2. D Lewis, E Moy, LD Jackson, R Aaronson, NP Restifo, S Serra and S Simos. Biopsychosocial characteristics of children who later murder: a prospective study. Am. J Psychiatry, 142(10): 1161-67, 1985.

3. P Pisters, NP Restifo, E Cersosimo and MF Brennan. The effects of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia and amino acid infusion on regional and whole body glucose disposal in man. Metabolism, 40(1): 59-65, 1991.

4. AL Asher, JJ Mulé, A Kasid, NP Restifo, JC Salo, CM Reichert, G Jaffe, B Fendly, M Kriegler and SA Rosenberg. Murine tumor cells transduced with the gene for tumor necrosis factor-: Evidence for paracrine immune effects of tumor necrosis factor against tumors. J Immunol, 146(9): 3227-34, 1991.

5. NP Restifo, F Esquivel, AL Asher, H Stötter, RJ Barth, JR Bennink, JJ Mulé, JW Yewdell and SA Rosenberg. Defective presentation of endogenous antigens by a murine sarcoma: Implications for the failure of an anti-tumor immune response. J Immunol, 147(4): 1453-59, 1991.

6. NP Restifo, PJ Spiess, SE Karp, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. A nonimmunogenic sarcoma transduced with the cDNA for mIFN- elicits CD8+ T cells against the wild-type tumor: Correlation with antigen presentation capability. J Exp Med, 175(6): 1423-32, 1992.

7. SE Karp, P Hwu, A Farber, NP Restifo, M Kriegler, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. In vivo activity of TNF- mutants: Secretory but not membrane bound TNF- mediates the regression of retrovirally transduced murine tumor. J Immunol, 149(6): 2076-81, 1992.

8. SE Karp, A Farber, JC Salo, P Hwu, G Jaffe, AL Asher, E Shiloni, NP Restifo, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. Cytokine secretion by genetically modified non immunogenic murine fibrosarcoma: Tumor inhibition by IL-2 but not TNF-. J Immunol, 150(3): 896-908, 1993.

9. NP Restifo, F Esquivel, Y Kawakami, JW Yewdell, JJ Mulé, SA Rosenberg and JR Bennink. Identification of human cancers deficient in antigen processing. J Exp Med, 177(2): 265-272, 1993.

10. Y Kawakami, MI Nishimura, NP Restifo, SL Topalian, BH O'Neil, J Shilyansky, JR Yannelli and SA Rosenberg. T cell recognition of human melanoma antigens. J Immunotherapy, 14(2): 88-93, 1993.

11. BH O'Neil, Y Kawakami, NP Restifo, JR Bennink, JW Yewdell and SA Rosenberg. Detection of shared human melanoma T cell antigens by providing HLA molecules by vaccinia virus. J Immunol, 151(3): 1410-18, 1993.

12. Restifo NP, Kawakami Y, Marincola F, Shamamian P, Taggarse A, Esquivel F, Rosenberg SA. Molecular mechanisms used by tumors to escape immune recognition: immunogenetherapy and the cell biology of major histocompatibility comp class I. J Immunother, 14(3):182-90, 1993.

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13. E Shiloni, SE Karp, MC Custer, J Shilyansky, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and JJ Mulé. Retroviral transduction of interferon- cDNA into a non-immunogenic MHC class I deficient murine fibrosarcoma: Generation of T cells capable of treating established parental metastatic tumor. Cancer Immunol and Immunotherapy, 37(5): 286-92, 1993.

14. NP Restifo, BR Minev, AS Taggarse, BJ McFarland, M Wang and KR Irvine. Enhancing the recognition of tumor associated antigens. Folia Biologica (Prague), 40(1-2):74-88, 1994.

15. B Fisk, CG Ioannides, S Aggarwal, JT Wharton, CA O'Brian, N Restifo, BS Glisson. Enhanced expression of HLA-A,B,C and inducibility of TAP-1, TAP-2, and HLA-A,B,C by interferon- in a multidrug-resistant small cell lung cancer line. Lymphokine Cytokine Res, 13(2):125-31, 1994.

16. FM Marincola, S Ettinghausen, PA Cohen, LB Cheshire, NP Restifo, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. Treatment of established lung metastases with tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes derived from a poorly immunogenic tumor engineered to secrete human TNF-. J Immunol, 152(7):3500-13, 1994.

17. CM Lawson, JR Bennink, NP Restifo, JW Yewdell and BR Murphy. Primary pulmonary cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by immunization with a vaccinia recombinant expressing influenza A virus nucleoprotein peptide do not protect mice against challenge. J Virol, 68(6):3505-11, 1994.

18. FM Marincola, P Shamamian, TB Simonis, A Abati, J Hackett, T O'Dea, P Fetsch, J Yannelli, NP Restifo, JJ Mulé, and SA Rosenberg. Locus-specific analysis of human leukocyte antigen class I expression in melanoma cell lines. J Immunother, 16:13-23, 1994.

19. B Minev, BJ McFarland, PJ Spiess, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Insertion signal sequence fused to a minimal peptide elicits specific CD8+ T cell responses and prolongs survival of thymoma-bearing mice. Cancer Res, 54(15): 4155-61, 1994.

20. P Shamamian, M Mancini, Y Kawakami, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and SL Topalian. Recognition of neuroectodermal tumors by melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: evidence for antigen sharing by tumors derived from the neural crest. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 39(2):73-83, 1994.

21. MG Sanda, NP Restifo, JC Walsh, Y Kawakami, WG Nelson, DM Pardoll and JW Simons. Molecular characterization of defective antigen processing in human prostate cancer. J Nat Can Inst, 87(4):280-85, 1995.

22. BJ McCabe, KR Irvine, MI Nishimura, JC Yang, PJ Spiess, EP Shulman, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Minimal determinant expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus elicits therapeutic antitumor cytolytic T lymphocyte responses. Cancer Res, 55(8):1741-47, 1995.

23. MK Jakobsen, NP Restifo, PA Cohen, FM Marincola, LB Cheshire, WM Linehan, SA Rosenberg and RB Alexander. Defective MHC class I expression in a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma cell line. J Immunother, 17(4):222-28, 1995.

24. NP Restifo, I Bacik, KR Irvine, JW Yewdell, BJ McCabe, RW Anderson, LC Eisenlohr, SA Rosenberg and JR Bennink. Antigen processing in vivo and the elicitation of primary CTL responses. J Immunol, 154(9):4414-22, 1995.

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25. KR Irvine, BJ McCabe, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Synthetic oligonucleotide expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus elicits therapeutic cytolytic T lymphocytes. J Immunol, 154(9):4651-57, 1995.

26. M Wang, V Bronte, PW Chen, L Gritz, D Panicali, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Active immunotherapy of cancer with a non-replicating recombinant fowlpox virus encoding a model tumor-associated antigen. J Immunol, 154(9):4685-92, 1995.

27. V Bronte, K Tsung, JB Rao, PW Chen, M Wang, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. IL-2 enhances the function of recombinant poxvirus-based vaccines in the treatment of established pulmonary metastases. J Immunol, 154(10):5282-92, 1995.

28. L Rivoltini, KC Barracchini, V Viggiano, Y Kawakami, A Smith, A Mixon, NP Restifo, SL Topalian, TB Simonis, SA Rosenberg and FM Marincola. Quantitative correlation between HLA class I allele expression and recognition of melanoma cells by antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cancer Res, 55:3149-57, 1995.

29. M Wang, PW Chen, V Bronte, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Anti-tumor Activity of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes elicited with recombinant and synthetic forms of a model tumor antigen. J Immunother, 18(3):139-46, 1995.

30. FM Marincola, P Shamamian, L Rivoltini, M Salgaller, J Cormier, NP Restifo, TB Simonis, D Venzon, DE White and DR Parkinson. HLA associations in the antitumor response against malignant melanoma. J Immunother, 18(4):242-52, 1995.

31. KR Irvine and NP Restifo. The next wave of recombinant and synthetic anti-cancer vaccines. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 6(6):337-47, 1995.

32. P Chen, M Wang, V Bronte, Y Zhai, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Therapeutic anti-tumor response after immunization with a recombinant adenovirus encoding a model tumor-associated antigen. J Immunol, 156(1): 224-31, 1996.

33. KR Irvine, JB Rao, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Cytokine enhancement of DNA immunization leads to effective treatment of established pulmonary metastases. J Immunol, 156(1):238-45, 1996.

34. B Moss, M Carroll, L Wyatt, J Bennink, V Hirsch, S Goldstein, WR Elkins, T Fuerst, J Lifson, M Piatak, NP Restifo, W Overwijk, R Chamberlain, SA Rosenberg and G Sutter. Host range restricted, non-replicating vaccinia virus vectors as vaccine candidates. Adv Exp Med Biol, 397:7-13, 1996.

35. NP Restifo. Commentary: Recombinant anti-cancer vaccines. The Cancer Journal from Scientific American, 2(1):16-18, 1996.

36. NP Restifo, FM Marincola, Y Kawakami, J Taubenberger, JR Yannelli and SA Rosenberg. Loss of functional 2-microglobulin in metastatic melanomas from five patients receiving immunotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst, 88(2):100-8, 1996.

37. J Rao, RS Chamberlain, V Bronte, MW Carroll, KR Irvine, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Interleukin-12 is an effective adjuvant to recombinant vaccinia virus based tumor vaccines: Enhancement by simultaneous B7-1 expression. J Immunol, 156(9):3357-65, 1996.

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38. RS Chamberlain, MW Carroll, V Bronte, S Warren, M Nishimura, JC Yang, B Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Costimulation enhances the active immunotherapy effect of recombinant anti-cancer vaccines. Cancer Res, 56:2832-36, 1996.

39. NP Restifo. The new vaccines: Building viruses capable of eliciting anti-tumor immunity. Current Opinion in Immunol, 8(5): 658-63, 1996.

40. JN Cormier, ML Salgaller, T Prevette, KC Barracchini, L Rivoltini, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and FM Marincola. Enhancement of cellular immunity in melanoma patients immunized with a MART-1 melanoma antigen peptide. The Cancer Journal from Scientific American, 3(1):37-44, 1997.

41. Y Zhai, JC Yang, P Spiess, MI Nishimura, WW Overwijk, B Roberts, NP Restifo and SA Rosenberg. Cloning and characterization of the genes encoding the murine homologues of the human melanoma antigens MART-1 and gp100. J Immunotherapy, 20(1): 15-25, 1997.

42. MW Carroll, WW Overwijk, RS Chamberlain, SA Rosenberg, B Moss and NP Restifo. Highly attenuated modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as an effective recombinant vector: a murine tumor model. Vaccine, 15(4):387-94, 1997.

43. KR Irvine, RS Chamberlain, EP Shulman, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Route of administration and the efficacy of recombinant vaccinia, fowlpox and adenoviruses. J Natl Cancer Inst, 89(5):390-92, 1997.

44. V Bronte, MW Carroll, TJ Goletz, M Wang, WW Overwijk, F Marincola, SA Rosenberg, B Moss and NP Restifo. Antigen expression by dendritic cells correlates with the therapeutic effectiveness of a model recombinant poxvirus tumor vaccine, Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), 94(7): 3183-88 1997.

[See Commentary, MA Liu “The immunologist's grail: Vaccines that generate cellular immunity” Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), 94; 10496-98, 1997.]

45. WW Overwijk, DR Surman, K Tsung and NP Restifo. Identification of a Kb-restricted CTL epitope of -galactosidase: Potential use in the development of immunization protocols for "self" antigens. Immunomethods, 12:117-23, 1997.

46. CJ Kim, T Prevette, J Cormier, W Overwijk, M Roden, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and FM Marincola. Dendritic cells infected with poxviruses encoding MART-1/Melan A sensitize T lymphocytes in vitro. J Immunother, 20(4):276-86, 1997.

47. KR Irvine , RS Chamberlain, EP Shulman, DR Surman, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Enhancing the efficacy of recombinant anti-cancer vaccines with prime/boost regimens that employ two different vectors. J Natl Cancer Inst, 89(21):1595-1601, 1997.

48. A Porgador, O Mandeloboim, NP Restifo and JL Strominger. Natural killer cells kill autologous 2-microglobulin-deficient melanoma cells: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94:13140-45, 1997.

49. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, DJ Schwartzentruber, P Hwu, F Marincola, SL Topalian, NP Restifo, ME Dudley, SL Schwarz, PJ Spiess, JR Wunderlich, MR Parkhurst, Y Kawakami, CA Seipp, J Einhorn and DE White. Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic tumor associated peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Nat Med, 4(3): 321-28,1998.

[See Commentary, JM Timmerman and R Levy, “Melanoma vaccines: Prim and proper presentation.” Nat Med, 4(3): 269-70,1998.]

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50. WW Overwijk, A Tsung, KR Irvine, MR Parkhurst, TJ Goletz, K Tsung, MW Carroll, C Liu, B Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. gp100/pmel 17 is a murine tumor rejection antigen: Induction of “self”-reactive, tumoricidal T cells using high-affinity, altered peptide ligand. J Exp. Med, 188(2): 277-86, 1998.

51. DR Surman, KR Irvine, EP Shulman, TM Allweis, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Generation of polyclonal rabbit antisera to mouse melanoma associated antigens using gene gun immunization. J Immunol Methods, 214(1-2): 51-62,1998.

52. NP Restifo, DR Surman, H Zheng, P Palese, SA Rosenberg and A Garcia-Sastre. Transfectant Influenza A viruses are effective recombinant immunogens in the treatment of experimental cancer. Virology, 249(1):89-97, 1998.

53. A Porgador, KR Irvine, A Iwasaki, BH Barber, NP Restifo and RN Germain. Predominant role for directly transfected dendritic cells in antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells after gene gun immunization. J Exp Med, 188(6):1075-82, 1998.

54. NP Restifo. Cancer Vaccines ‘98: A Reductionistic Approach. Molecular Medicine Today, 4(8): 327, 1998.

55. D Chappell and NP Restifo. T cell - tumor cell: A fatal interaction? Cancer Immunol and Immunotherapy, 47(2): 65-71, 1998.

56. S Gurunathan, KR Irvine, C-Y Wu, JI Cohen, E Thomas, C Prussin, NP Restifo and RA Seder. CD40 Ligand/Trimer DNA enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses and induces protective immunity to infectious and tumor challenge. J Immunol, 161(9):4563-71, 1998.

57. V Bronte, M Wang, WW Overwijk, DR Surman, F Pericle, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Apoptotic death of CD8+ T lymphocytes after immunization: Induction of a suppressive population of Mac-1+/Gr-1+ cells. J Immunol, 161(10):5313-20, 1998.

58. MW Carroll, WW Overwijk, DR Surman, K Tsung, B Moss and NP Restifo. Construction and characterization of a triple-recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a model tumor antigen, B7-1 and Interleukin-12. J National Cancer Institute, 90(24):1881-7, 1998.

59. Rosenberg SA, Zhai Y, Yang JC, Schwartzentruber DJ, Hwu P, Marincola FM, Topalian SL, Restifo NP, Seipp CA, Einhorn JH, Roberts B, White DE. Immunizing patients with metastatic melanoma using recombinant adenovirus encoding MART-1 or gp100 melanoma antigens. J Natl Cancer Inst, 90(24):1894-1900, 1998

60. D Chappell, TZ Zaks, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Melanoma cells do not express Fas (Apo-1/CD95) ligand. Cancer Res, 59(1):59-62, 1999.

61. NP Restifo and SA Rosenberg. Developing recombinant and synthetic vaccines for the treatment of melanoma. (Edited by Edison Liu). Current Opinion in Oncology, 11(1):50-7, 1999.

62. YC Xie, C Hwang, WW Overwijk, Z Zeng, MH Eng, JJ Mulé, M Imperiale, NP Restifo and MG Sanda. Induction of tumor antigen-specific immunity in vivo by a novel vaccinia vector encoding safety-modified SV40-T antigen. J National Cancer Institute, 91(2):169-75, 1999. 1999.

[See Comments, “Simian Virus 40 and human cancer”, JNCI, 91(2): 101, 1999.]

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63. JN Cormier, M Panelli, JA Hackett, MP Bettinotti, A Mixon, J Wunderlich, LL Parker, NP Restifo, S Ferrone and FM Marincola. Natural variation of the expression of HLA and endogenous antigen modulates CTL recognition in an in vitro melanoma model. Int J of Cancer, 80:781-90, 1999.

64. WW Overwijk, DS Lee, DR Surman, KR Irvine, CE Touloukian, C-C Chan, MW Carroll, B Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a “self” antigen induces autoimmune vitiligo and tumor cell destruction in mice: Requirement for CD4+ T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), 96(6):2982-87, 1999.

[see also PNAS Cover Photograph featuring this paper and Commentary “Inducing autoimmune disease to treat cancer” by DM Pardoll, 96(10): 5340-5342, 1999.]

65. TZ Zaks, D Chappell, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Fas-mediated suicide of tumor-reactive T cells following activation by specific tumor: Selective rescue by caspase inhibition. J Immunol, 162(6): 3273-3279, 1999.

66. V Bronte, D Chappell, E Apolloni, A Cabrelle, M Wang, P Hwu and NP Restifo. Unopposed production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by tumors inhibits CD8+ T cell responses by dysregulating antigen-presenting cell maturation. J Immunol, 162(10): 5728-5737, 1999.

67. KR Irvine, MR Parkhurst, EP Shulman, JP Tupesis, M Custer, CE Touloukian, PF Robbins, A Gomez-Yafal, P Greenhalgh, R Sutmuller, R Offringa, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Recombinant virus vaccination against self antigens using "anchor-fixed" immunogens. Cancer Res, 59(11): 2536-2540, 1999.

68. H Ying, TZ Zaks, R-F Wang, KR Irvine, U Kammula, FM Marincola, WW Leitner and NP Restifo. Cancer therapy using a self-replicating RNA vaccine. Nat Med, 5(7): 823-827, 1999.

69. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, DJ Schwartzentruber, P Hwu, FM Marincola, SL Topalian, NP Restifo, M Sznol, SL Schwarz, PJ Spiess, JR Wunderlich, CA Seipp, JH Einhorn, L Rogers- Freezer, and DE White. Impact of cytokine administration on the generation of antitumor reactivity in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving a peptide vaccine. J Immunol, 163(3): 1690-1695, 1999.

70. F Terenzi, MJ deVeer, H Ying, NP Restifo, BRG Williams and RH Silverman. The antiviral enzymes PKR and RNase L suppress gene expression from viral and non-viral based vectors. Nucleic Acids Res, 27(22): 4369-4375, 1999.

71. H Kaufman, JB Rao, KR Irvine, V Bronte, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Interleukin-10 enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of a recombinant poxvirus-based vaccine in an experimental murine tumor model. J Immunotherapy, 22(6): 489-496, 1999.

72. Leitner WW, Ying H, Restifo NP. DNA and RNA-based vaccines: principles, progress and prospects. Vaccine, 18(9-10):765-77, 1999.

73. DR Surman, ME Dudley, WW Overwijk, and NP Restifo. Cutting Edge: CD4+ T cell control of CD8+ T cell reactivity to an immunogenic model tumor antigen. J Immunol: Cutting Edge, 164(2): 562-565, 2000.

74. WW Leitner, H Ying, DA Driver, TW Dubensky, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Enhancement of tumor-specific immune response with plasmid DNA replicon vectors. Cancer Res, 60(1): 51-55, 2000.

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75. V Bronte, E Apolloni, R Ronca, P Zamboni, WW Overwijk, DR Surman, NP Restifo and P Zanovello. Genetic vaccination with “self” Tyrosinase-Related Protein 2 causes melanoma eradication but not vitiligo. Cancer Res, 60(2): 253-258, 2000.

76. NP Restifo, H Ying, L Hwang, WW Leitner. The Promise of Nucleic Acid Vaccines. Gene Therapy, 7(2): 89-92, 2000.

77. WW Overwijk, MR Theoret and NP Restifo. The future of interleukin-2: Enhancing therapeutic anticancer vaccines. Cancer Journal from Sci Amer, 6: 76-80, 2000.

78. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, PF Robbins, YF Li, SL Topalian, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Identification of a DRB1*0401-restricted epitope for gp100 using DR4-IE transgenic mice. J Immunol, 164(7): 3535-3542, 2000.

79. TA Colella, TNJ Bullock, LB Russell, DW Mullins, WW Overwijk, CJ Luckey, RA Pierce, NP Restifo and VH Engelhard. Self-tolerance to the murine homologue of a tyrosinase-derived melanoma antigen: implications for immunotherapy. J Exp Med, 191(7): 1221-1232, 2000.

80. AL Feldman, NP Restifo, HR Alexander, DL Bartlett, P Hwu, P Seth, SK Libutti. Antiangiogenic gene therapy of cancer using systemic administration of an adenoviral vector carrying the endostatin gene. Cancer Res, 60(6): 1503-1506, 2000.

81. R Xiang, HN Lode, T-H Chao, JM Ruehlmann, CS Dolman, F Rodriguez, JL Whitton, WW Overwijk, NP Restifo and RA Reisfeld. An autologous oral DNA vaccine protects against murine melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), 97(10): 5792-5497, 2000.

82. NP Restifo. Not so fas: Re-evaluating the mechanisms of immune priviledge and tumor escape. Nat Med, 6(5): 493-495, 2000.

83. LG Charles, YC Xie, NP Restifo, B Roessler, MG Sanda. Antitumor efficacy of tumor- antigen- encoding recombinant poxvirus immunization in Dunning rat prostate cancer: implications for clinical genetic vaccine development. World J Urol, 18(2):136-42, 2000.

84. G Zeng, CE Touloukian, X Wang, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and RF Wang. Identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes from NY-ESO-1 presented by HLA-DR molecules. J Immunol, 165(2): 1153-1159, 2000.

85. K Lee, WW Overwijk, M O’Toole, H Swiniarski, NP Restifo, AS Dorner, SF Wolf, K Sturmhoefel. Dose-dependent and schedule-dependent effects of IL-12 on antigen-specific CD8 responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 20(6): 589-96, 2000.

86. NP Restifo. Building better vaccines: How apoptotic cell death can induce inflammation and activate innate and adaptive immunity. Current Opinion in Immunology, 12(5): 597-603, 2000.

87. V Bronte, E Apolloni, A Cabrelle, R Ronca, P Serafini, P Zamboni, NP Restifo and P Zanovello. Identification of a CD11b + / Gr-1 + / CD31 + myeloid progenitor capable of activating or suppressing CD8+

T cells. Blood, 96(12): 3838-3846, 2000.

88. WW Overwijk, NP Restifo. Autoimmunity and the immunotherapy of cancer: targeting the “self” to destroy the “other”. Crit Rev Immunol, 20(6):433-50, 2000.

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89. NP Restifo. Countering the 'counterattack' hypothesis. Nat Med, 7(3): 259-260, 2001.

90. WW Overwijk and NP Restifo. Creating therapeutic cancer vaccines: notes from the battlefield.Trends In Immunol, (Formerly Immunology Today), 22(1): 5-7, 2001.

91. NP Restifo. Vaccines to die for. Nat Biotechnol, 19(6):527-8, 2001.

92. WW Overwijk and NP Restifo. B16 as a mouse model for human melanoma. In Current Protocols in Immunology. Ed. Ada Kruisbeek, 2001.

93. NP Restifo. Hierarchy, tolerance, and dominance in the antitumor T-cell response. J Immunother, 24(3):193-4, 2001.

94. A van Elsas, RP Sutmuller, AA Hurwitz, J Ziskin, J Villasenor, JP Medema,. WW Overwijk, NP Restifo, CJ Melief, R Offringa and JP Allison. Elucidating the autoimmune and antitumor effector mechanisms of a treatment based on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade in combination with a B16 melanoma vaccine: comparison of prophylaxis and therapy. J Exp Med, 194(4), 481-90, 2001.

95. MH Kershaw, C Hsu, W Mondesire, LL Parker, G Wang, WW Overwijk, R Lapointe, JC Yang,R-F Wang, NP Restifo and P Hwu, Immunization against endogenous retroviral tumor-associatedantigens. Cancer Res 61, 7920-7924, 2001.

96. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, PF Robbins, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Mining the melanosome for tumor vaccine targets: P.polypeptide is a novel tumor associated antigen. Ca Res, 61(22):8100-8104, 2001.

97. A Perez-Diez, E Wang, NP Restifo, P Matzinger and FM Marincola. Immunization and the induction of the anti-tumor T cells. J Immunol, 168(1):338-47, 2001.

98. JF Toso, VJ Gill, FG Witebsky, P Hwu, FM Marincola, NP Restifo, DJ Scharztzentruber, RM Sherry, SL Topalian, JC Yang and SA Rosenberg. Phase I study of the intravenous administration of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol, 20(1):142-152, 2002.

99. NP Restifo, PA Antony, SE Finkelstein, WW Leitner, DR Surman, MR Theoret, CE Touloukian. Assumptions of the tumor escape hypothesis. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 12(1):81-86, 2002.

100. PA Antony and NP Restifo. Do CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells hinder tumor immunotherapy? J Immunother, 25(3):202-6, 2002.

101. HY Wang, T Fu, G Wang, G Zeng, DM Perry-Lalley, JC Yang, NP Restifo, P Hwu, RF Wang.Induction of CD4(+) T cell-dependent antitumor immunity by TAT-mediated tumor antigen delivery into dendritic cells. J Clin Invest, Jun;109(11):1463-70, 2002

102. E Wang, LD Miller, GA Ohnmacht, S Mocellin, A Perez-Diez, D Petersen, Y Zhao, R Simon, JI Powell, E Asaki, HR Alexander, PH Duray, M Herlyn, NP Restifo, ET Liu, SA Rosenberg, FM Marincola FM. Prospective molecular profiling of melanoma metastases suggests classifiers of immune responsiveness. Cancer Res, Jul 1;62(13):3581-3586, 2002.

103. Z Yu and NP Restifo. Cancer vaccines: Progress reveals new complexities. J Clin Invest, 110(3): 289-294, 2002.

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104. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, PF Robbins, Y Li, X Kang, R Lapointe, P Hwu, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Expression of a “self-” antigen by tumor cells in vivo enhances human tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T cell function. Cancer Res, 62(18):5144-7, 2002.

105. ME Dudley, JR Wunderlich, PF Robbins, JC Yang, P Hwu, DJ Schwartzentruber, SL Topalian, RM Sherry, NP Restifo, AM Hubicki, MR Robinson, M Raffeld, P Duray, CA Seipp, LJ Rogers-Freezer, KE Morton, SA Mavroukakis, DE White and SA Rosenberg. Cancer regression and autoimmunity following clonal repopulation with anti-tumor lymphocytes and non-myeloablative conditiong. Science, 298(5594): 850-854, 2002.

106. JM Sloan, MH Kershaw, CE Touloukian, R Lapointe, PF Robbins, NP Restifo, and P Hwu. MHC class I and class II presentation of tumor antigen in retrovirally and adenovirally transduced dendritic cells. Cancer Gene Therapy, 9(11):946-50, 2002.

107. YC Neeley, KT McDonagh, WW Overwijk, NP Restifo and MG Sanda. Antigen-specific tumor vaccine efficacy in vivo against prostate cancer with low class I MHC requires competent class II MHC.Prostate, 53(3):183-91, 2002.

108. HT Khong and NP Restifo. Natural selection of tumor variants in the generation of "tumor escape" phenotypes. Nat Immunol, 3(11):999-1005, 2002.

109. WW Leitner, LN Hwang, M deVeer, A Zhou, RH Silverman, BR Williams, TW Dubensky, H Ying and NP Restifo. Alphavirus-based DNA vaccine breaks immunological tolerance by activating innate antiviral pathways. Nat Med, 9(1):33-9, 2003.

110. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, RE Schnur, PF Robbins, Y Li, S Southwood, A Sette, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Normal tissue depresses while tumor tissue enhances human T cell responses in vivo to a novel self/tumor antigen, OA1. J Immunol, 170(3):1579-85, 2003.

111. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, RM Sherry, P Hwu, SL Topalian, DJ Schwartzentruber, NP Restifo, LR Haworth, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE Morton, SA Mavroukakis and DE White. Inability to immunize patients with metastatic melanoma using plasmid DNA encoding the gp100 melanoma-melanocyte antigen. Hum Gene Ther, 14:709-714, 2003.

112. GQ Phan, JC Yang, RM Sherry, P Hwu, SL Topalian, DJ Schwartzentruber, NP Restifo, LR Haworth, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE Morton, SA Mavroukakis, PH Duray, SM Steinberg, JP Allison, TA Davis, SA Rosenberg. Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100(14):8372-8377, 2003.

113. WW Leitner, NP Restifo. DNA vaccines and apoptosis: to kill or not to kill? J Clin Invest, 112(1):22-4, 2003. 114. GQ Phan, CE Touloukian, JC Yang, NP Restifo, RM Sherry, P Hwu, SL Topalian, DJ Schwartzentruber, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE Morton, SA Mavroukakis, DE White, SA Rosenberg. Immunization of patients with metastatic melanoma using both class I- and class II-restricted peptides from melanoma-associated antigens. J Immunother, 26(4):349-56, 2003.

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115. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, DJ Schwartzentruber, P Hwu, SL Topalian, RM Sherry, NP Restifo, JR Wunderlich, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE Morton, SA Mavroukakis, DE White and SM Steinberg. Recominant fowlpox viruses encoding the anchor-modified gp100 melanoma antigen can generate antitumor immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. Clinical Cancer Res, 9(8): 2973-80, 2003.

116. WW Overwijk, MR Theoret, SE Finkelstein, DR Surman, LA de Jong, FA Vyth-Dreese, TA Dellemijn, PA Antony, PJ Spiess, DC Palmer, DM Heimann, CA Klebanoff, Z Yu, L Hwang, L Feigenbaum, AM Kruisbeek, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Induction of tumor regression and autoimmunity by reversing the functionally tolerant state of self-reactive CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med, 198 (4): 569-580, 2003.

117. RA Morgan, ME Dudley, YYL Yu, Z Zheng, PF Robbins, MR Theoret, JR Wunderlich, MS Hughes, NP Restifo and SA Rosenberg. High efficiency TCR gene transfer into primary human lymphocytes affords avid recognition of melanoma tumor antigen glycoprotein 100 and does not alter the recognition of autologous melanoma antigens. J Immunol, 171:3287-3295, 2003.

118. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, PF Robbins, JR Wunderlich, P Hwu, RM Sherry, DJ Schwartzentruber, SL Topalian, NP Restifo, A Filie, R Chang and ME Dudley. Cell transfer therapy for cancer: Lessons from sequential treatments of a patient with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother, 26(5):385-393, 2003.

119. T Murakami, AR Cardones, SE Finkelstein, NP Restifo, BA Klaunberg, FO Nestle, SS Castillo, PA Dennis, and ST Hwang. Immune evasion by murine melanoma mediated through CC chemokine receptor-10. J Exp Med, 198(9):1337-47, 2003.

120. CA Klebanoff, SE Finkelstein, DR Surman, MK Lichtman, L Gattinoni, MR Theoret, N Grewal, PJ Spiess, PA Antony, DC Palmer, Y Tagaya, SA Rosenberg, TA Waldmann, NP Restifo. IL-15 enhances the in vivo antitumor activity of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(7):1969-74, 2004.

121. WW Leitner, LN Hwang, ES Bergmann-Leitner, SE Finkelstein, S Frank and NP Restifo. Apoptosis is essential for the increased efficacy of alphaviral replicase-based DNA vaccines. Vaccine, 22(11-12):1537-44, 2004.

122. SE Finkelstein, DM Heimann, CA Klebanoff, PA Antony, L Gattinoni, CS Hinrichs, LN Hwang, DC Palmer, PJ Spiess, DR Surman, C Wrzesiniski, Z Yu, SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo. Bedside to bench and back again: how animal models are guiding the development of new immunotherapies for cancer. J Leukoc Biol, 76(2):333-7, 2004. 123. Z Yu, MR Theoret, CE Touloukian, DR Surman, TK Baxter, BM Baker and NP Restifo. Metastable peptide/MHC complexes impair in vivo induction of tumor/self-specific T cell responses. J Clin Invest, 114(4):551-9, 2004

124. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, NP Restifo. Cancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines. Nat Med, 10(9):909-15, 2004

See Also: SA Rosenberg, JC Yang and NP Restifo. Reply to "Cancer vaccines: pessimism in check".Nat Med, 2004 Dec;10(12):1279-80.

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125. Y Lou, G Wang, G Lizee, GJ Kim, SE Finkelstein, C Feng, NP Restifo and P Hwu. Dendritic cells strongly boost the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred T cells in vivo. Cancer Res, 15;64(18):6783-90, 2004.

126. DC Palmer, S Balasubramaniam, K Hanada, C Wrzesinski, Z Yu, S Farid, MR Theoret, LN Hwang, CA Klebanoff, L Gattinoni, AL Goldstein, JC Yang and NP Restifo. Vaccine-stimulated, adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells traffic indiscriminately and ubiquitously while mediating specific tumor destruction. J Immunol, 173(12):7209-16, 2004

127. NP Restifo and SA Rosenberg. Use of standard criteria for assessment of cancer vaccines.Lancet Oncol, 6(1):3-4, 2005

128. R Zeng, R Spolski, SE Finkelstein, S Oh, PE Kovanen, CS Hinrichs, CA Pise-Masion, MF Radonovich, JN Brady, NP Restifo, JA Berzofsky and WJ Leonard. Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function. J Exp Med,.201(1):139-48, 2005

129. CC Chang, M Campoli, NP Restifo, X Wang, S Ferrone. Immune Selection of Hot-Spot {beta}2-Microglobulin Gene Mutations, HLA-A2 Allospecificity Loss, and Antigen-Processing Machinery Component Down-Regulation in Melanoma Cells Derived from Recurrent Metastases following Immunotherapy. J Immunol,174(3):1462-1471, 2005

130. CA Klebanoff, HT Khong, PA Antony, DC Palmer, and NP Restifo. Sinks, Suppressors and Antigen Presenters: How lymphodepletion enhances T cell mediated tumor therapy. Trends in Immunology, 26(2): 111-7, 2005.

131. PA Antony and NP Restifo. CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells, immunotherapy of cancer, and interleukin-2. J Immunother, 28(2):120-8, 2005.

132. PA Antony, CA Piccirillo, A Akpinarli, SE Finkelstein, PJ Speiss, DR Surman, DC Palmer, CC Chan, CA Klebanoff, WW Overwijk, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. CD8+ T cell immunity against a tumor/self-antigen is augmented by CD4+ T helper cells and hindered by naturally occurring T regulatory cells. J Immunol, 174(5): 2591-601, 2005.

133. J Charo, SE Finkelstein, N Grewal, NP Restifo, PF Robbins and SA Rosenberg. Bcl-2 over-expression results in prolonged survival of human tumor specific T cells and leads to enhanced adoptive immunotherapy. Cancer Res, 65(5): 2001-8, 2005.

134. C Wrzesinski and NP Restifo. Less is more: lymphodepletion followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplant augments adoptive T-cell-based anti-tumor immunotherapy. Cur Opin in Immunol, 17(2): 195-201, 2005.

135. ME Dudley, JR Wunderlich, JC Yang, RM Sherry, SL Topalian, NP Restifo, RE Royal, U Kammula, DE White, SA Mavroukakis, LJ Rogers, GJ Gracia, SA Jones, DP Mangiameli, MM Pelletier, J Gea-Banacloche, MR Robinson, DM Berman, AC Filie, A Abati and Steven A. Rosenberg. Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol, 23(10): 2346-57, 2005.

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136. OY Borbulevych, TK Baxter, Z Yu, NP Restifo and BM Baker. Increased immunogenicity of an anchor-modified tumor-associated antigen is due to the enhanced stablility of the peptide/MHC complex: implications for vaccine design. J Immunol, 174(8): 4812-20, 2005.

137. L Gattinoni, CA Klebanoff, DC Palmer, C Wrzesinski, K Kerstann, Z Yu, SE Finkelstein, MR Theoret, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Acquisition of full effector function in vitro paradoxically impairs the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest, 115(6):1616-26, 2005.

138. CA Klebanoff, L Gattinoni, P Torabi-Parizi, K Kerstann, AR Cardones, SE Finkselstein, DC Palmer, PA Antony, ST Hwang, SA Rosenberg, TA Waldmann and NP Restifo. Central memory tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells confer superior anti-tumor immunity compared to effector memory T cells. Proc Natl of Sci (USA), 102(27):9571-6, 2005.

139. P Attia, GQ Phan, AV Maker, MR Robinson, MM Quezado, JC Yang, RM Sherry, SL Topalian, US Kammula, RE Royal, NP Restifo, LR Haworth, C Levy, SA Mavroukakis, G Nichol, MJ Yellin, SA Rosenberg. Autoimmunity correlates with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. J Clin Oncol., 23(25):6043-53, 2005.

140. Y Zhao, Z Zheng, CJ Cohen, L Gattinoni, DC Palmer, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg, RA Morgan. High-Efficiency Transfection of Primary Human and Mouse T Lymphocytes Using RNA Electroporation. Mol Ther. Sep 1; [Epub ahead of print], 2005

141. L Gattinoni, SE Finkelstein, CA Klebanoff, PA Antony, DC Palmer, PJ Spiess, LN Hwang,Z Yu, C Wrzesinski, DM Heimann, CD Surh, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Removal of homeostatic cytokine sinks by lymphodepletion enhances autoimmunity and the effectiveness of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med, 202(7):907-12, 2005.

142. CS Hinrichs, DC Palmer, SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo. Glucocorticoids do not inhibit anti-tumor activity of activated CD8+ T cells. J of Immunotherapy, 28(6):517-24, 2005.

143. SA Rosenberg, RM Sherry, KE Morton, WJ Scharfman, JC Yang, SL Topalian, RE Royal, U Kammula, NP Restifo, MS Hughes, D Schwarzentruber, DM Berman, SL Schwarz, LT Ngo, SA Mavroukakis, DE White and SM Steinberg. Tumor Progression Can Occur despite the Induction of Very High Levels of Self/Tumor Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Patients with Melanoma. J Immunol, 75(9):6169-76, 2005.

144. LX Wang, R Li, G Yang, M Lim, A O’Hara, Y Chu, BA Fox, NP Restifo, WJ Urba and HM Hu.Interleukin-7-dependent expansion and persistence of melanoma-specific T cells in lymphodepleted mice lead to tumor regression and editing. Cancer Res, 65(22): 10569-77, 2005.

145. ZS Guo, JA Hong, KR Irvine, GA Chen, PJ Spiess, Y Liu, G Zeng, JR Wunderlich, DM Nguyen, NP Restifo, DS Schrump. De novo induction of a cancer/testis antigen by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine augments adoptive immunotherapy in a murine tumor model. Cancer Res, 66(2):1105-13, 2006.

146. LN Hwang, Z Yu, DC Palmer, NP Restifo. The in vivo expansion rate of properly stimulated transferred CD8+ T cells exceeds that of an aggressively growing mouse tumor. Cancer Res, 66(2):1132-8, 2006.

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147. R Schiavo, D Baatar, P Olkhanud, FE Indig, N Restifo, D Taub, A Biragyn. Chemokine receptor targeting efficiently directs antigens to MHC class I pathways and elicits antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Blood, [Epub ahead of print], 2006.

148. SA Rosenberg, RM Sherry, KE Morton, JC Yang, SL Topalian, RE Royal, US Kammula, NP Restifo, MS Hughes, SL Schwarz, LT Ngo, SA Mavroukakis, DE White. Altered CD8+ T-cell responses when immunizing with multiepitope peptide vaccines. J Immunother, 29(2):224-31, 2006.

149. CS Hinrichs, L Gattinoni and NP Restifo. Programming CD8(+) T cells for effective immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006 Jun;18(3):363-70. Epub 2006 Apr 17.

150. Overwijk WW, de Visser KE, Tirion FH, de Jong LA, Pols TW, van der Velden YU, van den Boorn JG, Keller AM, Buurman WA, Theoret MR, Blom B, Restifo NP, Kruisbeek AM, Kastelein RA, Haanen JB. Immunological and antitumor effects of IL-23 as a cancer vaccine adjuvant. J Immunol. 2006 May 1;176(9):5213-22.

151. Antony PA, Paulos CM, Ahmadzadeh M, Akpinarli A, Palmer DC, Sato N, Kaiser A, Heinrichs C, Klebanoff CA, Tagaya Y, Restifo NP. Interleukin-2-dependent mechanisms of tolerance and immunity in vivo. J Immunol. 2006 May 1;176(9):5255-66.

152. Gattinoni L, Powell DJ Jr, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer: building on success. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006 May;6(5):383-93. .

153. Lindsey KR, Gritz L, Sherry R, Abati A, Fetsch PA, Goldfeder LC, Gonzales MI, Zinnack KA, Rogers-Freezer L, Haworth L, Mavroukakis SA, White DE, Steinberg SM, Restifo NP, Panicali DL, Rosenberg SA, Topalian SL.Evaluation of prime/boost regimens using recombinant poxvirus/tyrosinase vaccines for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Apr 15;12(8):2526-37.

154. Cohen AD, Diab A, Perales MA, Wolchok JD, Rizzuto G, Merghoub T, Huggins D, Liu C, Turk MJ, Restifo NP, Sakaguchi S, Houghton AN. Agonist anti-GITR antibody enhances vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell responses and tumor immunity. Cancer Res. 2006 May 1;66(9):4904-12.

155. Leitner WW, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Hwang LN, Restifo NP. Type I Interferons are essential for the efficacy of replicase-based DNA vaccines. Vaccine. 2006 Jun 12;24(24):5110-8. Epub 2006 May 6.

156. Donohue KB, Grant JM, Tewalt EF, Palmer DC, Theoret MR, Restifo NP, Norbury CC. Cross-priming utilizes antigen not available to the direct presentation pathway. Immunology. 2006 Sep;119(1):63-73. Epub 2006 June 8.

157. Klebanoff CA, Gattinoni L and Restifo NP. CD8+ T-cell memory in tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Immunol Rev. 2006 Jun;211:214-24.

158. Gattinoni L, Ranganathan A, Surman DR, Palmer DC, Antony PA, Theoret MR, Heimann DM, Rosenberg SA and Restifo NP. CTLA-4 dysregulation of self/tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell function is CD4+ T cell-dependent. Blood. 2006 Aug 1.

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159. Morgan RA, Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Hughes MS, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Royal RE, Topalian SL,Kammula US, Restifo NP, Zheng Z, Nahvi A, de Vries CR, Rogers-Freezer LJ, Mavroukakis SA, and Rosenberg SA. Cancer Regression in Patients After Transfer of Genetically Engineered Lymphocytes. Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):126-9. Epub 2006 Aug 31.

160. Lee CH, Kakinuma T, Wang J, Zhang H, Palmer DC, Restifo NP and Hwang ST. Sensitization of B16 tumor cells with a CXCR4 antagonist increases the efficacy of immunotherapy for established lung metastases. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Oct;5(10):2592-9.

161. P Muranski, A Boni, C Wrzesinski, DE Citrin, SA Rosenberg, R Childs and NP Restifo. Increased intensity lymphodepletion and adoptive immunotherapy: How far can we go? Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2006 Dec;3(12):668-81.

162. C Wrzesinski, CM Paulos, L Gattinoni, DC Palmer, A Kaiser, Z Yu, SA Rosenberg and Nicholas P. Restifo. Hematopoietic stem cells promote the expansion and function of adoptively transferred anti-tumor CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest. 2007 Feb;117(2):492-501.

163. Y Zhao, MR Parkhurst, Z Zheng, CJ Cohen, JP Riley, L Gattinoni, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg, Morgan RA. Extrathymic generation of tumor-specific T cells from genetically engineered human hematopoietic stem cells via Notch signaling. Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 15;67(6):2425-9.

164. CM Paulos, C Wrzesinki, A Kaiser, CS Hinrichs, M Chieppa, L Cassard, DC Palmer, A Boni, P Muranski, Z Yu, L Gattinoni, PA Antony, SA Rosenberg, and NP Restifo. Microbial translocation augments the function of adoptively transferred self/tumor-specific CD8+ T cells via TLR4 signaling.J Clin Invest. 2007 Aug;117(8):2197-204.

165. OY Borbulevych, TK Baxter, DJ Powell, Jr., LA Johnson, NP Restifo, and BM Baker. Structures of MART-126/27-35 peptide/HLA-A2 complexes reveal broad T cell cross-reactivity in the absence of structural homology. J Mol Biol. 2007 Oct 5;372(5):1123-36. Epub 2007 Jul 26

166. CM Paulos, A Kaiser, C Wrzesinski, CS Hinrichs, L Cassard, A Boni, P Muranski, L Sanchez-Perez, DC Palmer, Z Yu, PA Antony, L Gattinoni, SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Sep 15; 13 (18 Pt 1): 5280-9.

167. JD Abad, C Wrzesinski, WW Overwijk, MA DeWitte, A Jorritsma, C Hsu, L Gattinoni, CJ Cohen, CM Paulos, DC Palmer, JB Haanen, TN Schumacher, SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo and RA Morgan. T cell receptor gene therapy of established tumors in a murine melanoma model. J Immunotherapy. 2008 Jan;31(1):1-6.

168. B Bolinger, P Krebs, Y Tian, D Engeler, E Scandella, S Miller, DC Palmer, NP Restifo, P-A Clavien and Burkhard Ludewig. Immunological ignorance of vascular endothelial cells expressing minor histocompatibility antigen. Blood. May 1;111(9):4588-95. Epub 2008 Jan 14.

169. CS Hinrichs, R Spolski, CM Paulos, L Gattinoni, KW Kerstann, DC Palmer, CA Klebanoff, SA Rosenberg, WJ Leonard and NP Restifo. IL-2 and IL-21 confer opposing differentiation programs to CD8+ T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Blood. 2008 Jun 1;111(11):5326-33. Epub 2008 Feb 14.

170. P Muranski, A Boni, PA Antony, L Cassard, KR Irvine, A Kaiser, CM Paulos, DC Palmer, CE Touloukian, K Ptak, L Gattinoni, C Wrzesinski, C Hinrichs, K Kerstann, C-C Chan and NP RestifoTumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma. Blood. 2008 Jul

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15;112(2):362-73. Epub 2008 Mar 19.

171. SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo, JC Yang, RA Morgan and ME Dudley. Adoptive Cell Transfer: A Clinical Path to Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Apr;8(4):299-308.

172. WW Overwijk and NP Restifo. B16 as a mouse model for human melanoma. Curr Protoc Immunol. 2001 May;Chapter 20:Unit 20.1.

173. S Yang, CJ Cohen, PD Peng, Y Zhao, L Cassard, Z Yu, Z Zheng, S Jones, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg, and RA Morgan. Development of optimal bicistronic lentiviral vectors facilitates high-level TCR gene expression and robust tumor cell recognition. Gene Ther. May 22, 2008. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 18496571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

174. DC Palmer, C-C Chan, L Gattinoni, C Wrzesinski, CM Paulos, CS Hinrichs, DJ Powell Jr, CA Klebanoff, SE Finkelstein, RN Fariss, Z Yu, RB Nussenblatt, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Effective tumor treatment targeting a melanoma/melanocyte-associated antigen triggers severe ocular autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jun 10;105(23):8061-6. Epub 2008 Jun 3.

175. S Ahn, G Lee, SJ Yang, D Lee, S Lee, HS Shin, MC Kim, KN Lee, DC Palmer, MR Theoret, EJ Jenkinson, G Anderson, NP Restifo and MG Kim. TSCOT Thymic epithelial cell-mediated sensitive CD4 tolerance by direct presentation. August 1, 2008. PLoS Biol 6(8): e191. doi:10. 1371/journal.pbio.0060191

176. FO Smith, SG Downey, JA Klapper, JC Yang, RM Sherry, RE Royal, Udai S. Kammula, MS Hughes, NP Restifo, CL Levy, DE White, SM Steinberg, and SA Rosenberg. Treatment of metastatic melanoma using Interleukin-2 alone or in conjunction with vaccines. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14 5610-5618.

177. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang and NP Restifo. Cancer immunotherapy. N Engl J Med, 359(10):1072. 2008

178. A Boni, P Muranski, L Cassard, C Wrzesinski, CM Paulos, DC Palmer, L Gattinoni, CS Hinrichs, C-C Chan, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Adoptive transfer of allogeneic tumor-specific T cells mediates effective regression of large tumors across major histocompatibility barriers. Blood, Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print], 2008.

179. ME Dudley, JC Yang, R Sherry, MS Hughes, R Royal, U Kammula, PF Robbins, J Huang, DE Citrin, SF Leitman, J Wunderlich, NP Restifo, A Thomasian, SG Downey, FO Smith, J Klapper, K Morton, C Laurencot, DE White and SA Rosenberg. Adoptive cell therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: evaluation of intensive myeloablative chemoradiation preparative regimens. J Clin Oncol, 2008 Nov 10;26(32):5233-9. Epub 2008 Sep 22.

180. V Robila, M Ostankovitch, ML Altrich-Vanlith, AC Theos, S Drover, MS Marks, NP Restifo, Engelhard VH. MHC class II presentation of gp100 epitopes in melanoma cells requires the function of conventional endosomes and is influenced by melanosomes. J Immunol. 2008 Dec 1;181(11):7843-52.

181. P Muranski and NP Restifo. Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using CD4+ T cells. Curr Opin Immunol, In Press, 2009, Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19285848

182. TN Schumacher and NP Restifo. Adoptive T cell therapy of cancer. Curr Opin Immunol. 2009 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19328668

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183. S Yeh, NK Karne, SP Kerkar SP, CK Heller, DC Palmer LA Johnson, Z Li, RJ Bishop, WT Wong, RM Sherry, JC Yang, ME Dudley, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and RB Nussenblatt. Ocular and systemic autoimmunity after successful tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte immunotherapy for recurrent, metastatic melanoma. Ophthalmology. 2009 May;116(5):981-989.e1. PMID: 19410956

184. LA Johnson, R Morgan, M Dudley, L Cassard, J Yang, M Hughes, U Kammula, R Royal, R Sherry, J Wunderlich, R Lee, Y Zhao, A Cogdill, N Restifo, F Smith, S Schwarz, R Bishop, J Kim, C Brewer, J Davis, A Mathur, R Ripley, D Nathan, C Laurencot, and SA Rosenberg. High affinity T cell receptor gene therapy breaks tolerance and elicits autoimmunity and cancer regression. 2009. Blood. 2009 May 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19451549

185. CS Hinrichs, A Kaiser, CM Paulos, L Cassard, L Sanchez-Perez, B Heemskerk, C Wrzesinski, ZA Borman, P Muranski and NP Restifo. Type 17 CD8+ T cells display enhanced anti-tumor immunity, Blood, 2009, May 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19471017

186. EF Tewalt, JM Grant, EL Granger, DC Palmer, ND Heuss, DS Gregerson, NP Restifo and CC Norbury. Viral sequestration of antigen subverts cross presentation to CD8+ T cells. PLoS Pathog. 2009 May;5(5):e1000457. PMID: 19478869.

187. L Gattinoni, X-S Zhong, DC Palmer, Y JI, CS Hinrichs, Z Yu, C Wrzesinski, A Boni, L Cassard, L Church, CM Paulos, P Muranski and NP Restifo. Wnt signaling arrests effector T cell differentiation and generates CD8+ memory stem cells. Nat Med. 15, 808 – 813, 2009. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19525962, 2009

[See News and Views: Tumor immunotherapy: making an immortal army - pp731 - 732Brent H. Koehn & Stephen P. Schoenberger. Nat Med. doi:10.1038/nm0709-731

188. CA Klebanoff, Z Yu, LN Hwang, DC Palmer, L Gattinoni, and NP Restifo. Programming tumor-reactive effector memory CD8+ T cells in vitro obviates the requirement for in vivo vaccination. Blood. 2009 Jun 26. [Epub ahead of print], PMID: 19561320 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher].

189. AG Brandmaier, WW Leitner, SP Ha1, J Sidney, NP Restifo, and CE. Touloukian. High avidity autoreactive CD4+ T cells cross-prime host CTL, overcome Tregs and mediate tumor destruction. J Immunother Sep;32(7):677-88, 2009

190. P Muranski and NP Restifo. Does IL-17 cause T cells to grow? Blood, Jul 9;114(2):231-2, 2009.

191. C Wrzesinski, CM Paulos, A Kaiser, DC Palmer, L Gattinoni, Z Yu, SA Rosenberg, and NP Restifo. Adoptive T cell therapy requires high intensity lymphodepleting regimens for optimal tumor treatment. J Immunother In Press, 2009.

192. CS Hinrichs, Z Borman, L Cassard, L Gattinoni, R Spolski, Z Yu, L Sanchez-Perez, P Muranski, SJ Kern, C Logun, DC Palmer, Y Ji, R Reger, WJ Leonard, RL Danner, SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo. Adoptively transferred effector cells derived from naïve rather than central memory CD8+ T cellsmediate superior antitumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), In Press 2009.

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Book Chapters and Miscellaneous

1. NP Restifo. Antigen processing and presentation: An update. Biologic Therapy of Cancer Updates. eds. VT DeVita, S Hellman and SA Rosenberg. JB Lippincott Co. Publishers. Philadelphia, PA. 2(2): 1-10, 1992.

2. NP Restifo, PJ Spiess, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. Gene-modification corrects an antigen presentation defect in a nonimmunogenic sarcoma and elicits CD8+ T cells reactive against the wild-type tumor: Implications for the immunotherapy of cancer. J Immunotherapy. 11(2): 140, 1992.

3. JW Yewdell, R Anderson, JH Cox, LC Eisenlohr, F Esquivel, C Lapham, NP Restifo and JR Bennink. The multiple uses of viruses for studying antigen processing. Seminars in Virology. 4(2): 109-16, 1993.

4. NP Restifo. Antigen presentation by IFN- releasing tumor cells. Cytokine Induced Tumor Immunogenicity. Eds., G Forni, R Foá, A Santoni and L Frati. Academic Press, London, 22:307-28, 1994.

5. NP Restifo. Vaccines against virally induced cancers. FEBS Letters, 377(2):281, 1995.

6. R Chamberlain, M Carroll, V Bronte, P Spiess, P Hwu, S Warren, B Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and/or B7-2 and a model tumor antigen mediates tumor regression and prolongs survival. Surg Forum. 46:483-485, 1995.

7. NP Restifo and J Wunderlich. Principles of tumor immunity: Biology of cellular immune responses. Biologic Therapy of Cancer. V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 3-37, 1995.

8. P Chen, M Wang, V Bronte, Y Zhai, KR Irvine, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Treatment of established murine tumor metastases by immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding a model tumor-associated antigen. Surg Forum. 46:459-62, 1995.

9. NP Restifo and M Wang. Antigen processing and presentation. Tumor Immunology: Immunotherapy and Cancer Vaccines. Edited by A.G. Dalgleish and M.J. Browning. Cancer, Clinical Science in Practice. Cambridge University Press, 39-68, 1996

10. NP Restifo and J Wunderlich. Essentials of modern oncologic science: Essentials of immunology. Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology (5th Edition). V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 47-75, 1997.

11. NP Restifo and M Sznol. Newer approaches in cancer treatment: Cancer vaccines. Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology (5th Edition). V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 3023-43, 1997.

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12. RS Chamberlain, KR Irvine and NP Restifo. The use of recombinant poxviruses as a paradigm for the development of anti-cancer vaccines. Molecular Approaches to Tumor Immunotherapy. World Scientific Press, London, Y. Liu, Ed.. pp 236-300, 1998.

13. A Porgador, JR Dorfman, L Corral, JL Strominger, O Mandelboim, NP Restifo. Tumor variability and sensitivity to T and NK cells: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Jap J Cancer Res., Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 48: 105-115, 1999.

14. NP Restifo. Cancer Vaccines: Basic Principles: General concepts and preclinical studies. Principles and Practice of the Biologic Therapy of Cancer. S.A. Rosenberg, Ed., JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, 571-584, 2000.

15. NP Restifo. Flu: The story of the great influenza pandemic of 1918 and the search for the virus that caused it. By Gina Kolata. Book Review. Nat Med, 6(1): 12-13, 2000.

16. WW Overwijk and NP Restifo. Peptide vaccines for the treatment of melanoma, In Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. Ed. WM Kast, Landes Bioscience, (Georgetown, TX), 190-199, 2000.

17. MW Carroll and Nicholas P Restifo. Poxviruses as vectors for cancer immunotherapy. In Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy, Ed. PL Stern, PCL Beverly and MW Carroll. Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge UK), 47-61, 2000.

18. NP Restifo and J Wunderlich. Essentials of modern oncologic science: Essentials of immunology. Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology (6th Edition). V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 43-73, 2001.

19. NP Restifo, M Sznol and WW Overwijk. Newer approaches in cancer treatment: Therapeutic cancer vaccines. Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology (6th Edition). V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 3195-3217, 2001.

20. WW Leitner, NP Restifo. RNA vaccines. Encyclopedia Of Molecular Medicine. (John Wiley & Sons). 2843, 2001.

21. NP Restifo and JR Wunderlich. Cancer Immunology. Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology (7th Edition). V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 139-161, 2005.

22. NP Restifo and JJ Lewis. Therapeutic Vaccines. Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology (7th Edition). V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 2846-56, 2005.

23. NP Restifo. Cancer Immunology. Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology (8th Edition). V.T. DeVita, S. Lawrence, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pages 139-161, 2008.

24. NP Restifo, PF Robbins and Steven A. Rosenberg. Tumor Immunology. Fundamental Immunology (7th

Edition). W.E. Paul, Ed. Lippincott, Philadelphia, In Press, 2008.

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