Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005 Plan for Today’s Class View rest of video: “The...
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Transcript of Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005 Plan for Today’s Class View rest of video: “The...
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Plan for Today’s Class
View rest of video: “The Hearth,” part of Out of the Past video series
Take short 5 minute break
Return for short lecture on “The Archaeology of Gender”
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
REMEMBER!!
Critical Book Reviews are due
IN CLASS
Thursday, May 19, 2005
See Appendix 1 for Guidelines
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Unit 7 Quiz
Available from Tuesday 3 pm to Friday midnight
You must take 7 out of 9 quizzes to pass this class
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Unit 7: Social Relations and Identities
Lecture 2
The Archaeology of Gender
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Social Status
“Rights, duties, privileges, powers, liabilities and immunities” that accrue to an individual based on some culturally-defined set of criteria.
Criteria: age, gender, kinship, occupation, class, race, ethnicity, place of residency, etc.
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Sex and Gender
Sex: biological differences between males and females
Gender: culturally constructed social categories that reference male/female difference in various and complex ways
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
The Archaeology of Gender
Largely by-product of Post-Processual Critique of the 1980s and 1990s
Two Approaches:Critical Theory: stories about past actively
reinforce or contest social conditions in the present.
Marxist: analyzes changing roles of men and women in society and relative value of the products of their labor (control and power).
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Critical Theory Example:
Women in Society: invisible, ignored, delegated to domestic tasks.
Women in Archaeology: invisible, ignored, delegated to “domestic tasks.”
Women in Prehistory: invisible, ignored, delegated to domestic tasks.
Joan Gero (1985) “Socio-Politics and the Woman-at-Home Ideology.”
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Marxist Analysis Example (1)
Cathy Lynne Costin (2002) “Cloth Production and Gender Relations in the Inka Empire.”
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Women in Andean Society: principle producers of social “wealth” in the form of textiles
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Wari women’s control over products of their own labor and their participation in the political arena changed as result of Inka conquest.
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Marxist Analysis Example (2)
“The Shifting Role of Women and Women’s Labor on the Late Prehistoric-Protohistoric Southern High Plains”Paper presented at 5th World Archaeological
Congress in June, 2003 and recently published (April 2005) in volume on “Gender and Hide Production.”
Reappraisal from “gendered perspective” of material analyzed for dissertation in 1980s
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Late Prehistoric to Protohistoric Transition on the
Southern High Plains:Demise of mixed farming-hunting-
gathering economies.Spread of specialized bison hunting and
processing economies.Expansion in the scope and intensity of
inter-regional interaction and trade.
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Potential Causes of Change
Deteriorating climatic conditions.
Expansion of southern bison herds.
Demographic pressure and economic competition from migrating Athapaskan groups.
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Reasons for Increasing Trade
Exchange of basic food stuffs--bison meat for corn--means of “buffering” shortages due to drought
Creates mutualistic relationships between H-G and farmers
Ambitious males took advantage of social disruption to enhance individual wealth, power, and prestige
Bison Hides: form of social capital; exchanged as part of competitive status-building activities
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Ceremonial vs. Individual Trade
Arena of men. Exotic and high-value
manufactured goods. Elaborate rituals and
competitive displays. Fictive adoptions and
exogamous marriages.
Arena of women. Domestic and
subsistence goods, plus personal items.
Products of their own labor.
Little pomp or ceremony.
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Increasing Hide Production and the Shifting Role of Women’s Labor
Women’s roles shift from domestic food producers to commodity hide producers.Hides used by men in competitive status-building activities.Women no longer control products of their own labor.
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Shifting Role and Status of WomenExpectations of Model:
Intensification of bison processing and production of bison by-products.
Decreasing access by women to exotic raw materials and finished products.
Presence of non-local women on Protohistoric Southern High Plains sites.
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Evidence for Intensive Bison Processing and Hide Production
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Women’s Access to Exotic Materials: Obsidian
PP ESCR BVK MBFT0
2
4
6
8
10
12
MontgomeryFCCGarnsey SprBridwellGarzaLott
Formal Tools Made From NM Obsidian
Tool Types
No. of Tools
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Women’s Access to Exotic Materials: Imported Jewelry and Personal Ornaments
Dentalium Olivella Oliva Turquoise Euro Glass0
10
20
30
40
MontgomeryFCCBridwellLottHeadstreamLonghorn
Exotic Personal Ornaments (Beads and Pendants)
Exotic Material
Number
Judith Habicht-Mauche, UCSC, Spring 2005
Summary
Protohistoric Southern High Plains economies focused on hunting, processing, and exchange of bison products.
Shift in women’s labor from subsistence production to commodity production.
Women have less control over products of their own labor.
Women’s labor converted into men’s status through competitive exchanges of dressed hides.