Juan Manuel Gers, PhD - Cecacier - Inicio · SAIFI SAIDI CAIDI ASAI Density (/yr) (min/yr) (min)...
Transcript of Juan Manuel Gers, PhD - Cecacier - Inicio · SAIFI SAIDI CAIDI ASAI Density (/yr) (min/yr) (min)...
Juan Manuel Gers, PhD
San José, Costa Rica
June 29th, 2017
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Fundamentals on Smart Grids
• Integration of Renewables
• Smart Grids around the World
• Smart Grids in LATAM
• Recommendations
WHAT IS THE SMART GRID?
Defining the Smart Grid is in itself tricky business.
Select six stakeholders and you will likely get at least six
definitions.
Definitions of Smart Grid
"is an electrical grid that uses computers and other technology togather and act on information, such as information about thebehaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashionto improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainabilityof the production and distribution of electricity.”.
Smart grid, as defined
by theDepartmentof Energy
SmartGrid
Smart Meters
Smart Generation Smart Feeders
Smart SubstationSmart Transmission
Some advantages:
• Enhance Reliability
• Improve System Efficiency
• Allow the integration of Distributed Energy Resources
• Possibility of two-way communication with customers
• Optimize Asset Utilization and Efficient Operation
• Encourage Energy Demand Management
Smart Grid Fundamentals
Some barriers:
• Costs
• Regulatory Barriers
• Lack of Open Standards
Modernization of the electrical grid
Communication
Architecture
Power System
Architecture
Asset
management
Application
AMI
Application
FLISR
Application
IT
Architecture
… N
Application
Articulation here is required!
Smart Grid Methodology
Integration tool:
Utility components
Distribution Operation
Transm. Operation
Generation Operation
Market Operation
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
… Project N
Time
Smart Grid Fundamentals
Smart Grids/Distribution
Automation Benefits
AMI & Improvereliability
Fault Location, Isolation and System
Restoration
- Metering management
- Reduce outage duration.
- Reduce number of outages.
- Improve quality indices
Improve system efficiency
Volt/Var Control
- Reduce line losses
- Fulfill voltage profile regulation
Effective DG integration
Inverters, numerical protection, SCADA,
and others technology options
- Improve impact from ER
- Improve Power Quality
- Improve Reliability
Advanced asset management
Sensors to determine maintenance program
according to condition-based status
- Reduce maintenance expenses
- Reduce associated failure expenses
- Deferral of replacement
Electrical Components of Smart Grids
• System Average Interruption Frequency Index:
• System Average Interruption Duration Index:
• Customer Average Interruption Duration Index:
• Average Service Availability Index:
yrServedCustomerofNumberTotal
onsInterruptiCustomerofNumberTotalSAIFI /
yrhrServedCustomerofNumberTotal
DurationsonInterruptiCustomerSAIDI /
hronsInterruptiCustomerofNumberTotal
DurationsonInterruptiCustomerCAIDI
puDemandServiceHoursCustomer
tyAvailabiliServiceHoursCustomerASAI
Quality Indices
Excerpts from the CFE 2015 Annual Report
Excerpts from the CFE 2015 Annual Report
Quality Indexes in Some Countries
SAIFI SAIDI CAIDI ASAI Density
(/yr) (min/yr) (min) (pu) (people/mi2)
Urban Systems
Finland 0.8 33 41 0.99994
Sweden 0.5 30 60 0.99994
Denmark 0.3 7 20 0.99999
Italy 2.5 120 48 0.99977
Netherlands 0.3 15 58 0.99997
Rural Systems
Finland 5.0 390 78 0.99926 38.3
Sweden 1.5 180 120 0.99966 51.2
Denmark 1.2 54 45 0.99990 313.7
Italy 5.0 300 60 0.99943 496.9
Netherlands 0.4 34 79 0.99994 975.3
Overall
Norway 2.0 300 150 0.99943 34.6
United States 1.3 120 90 0.99940 73.2
United Kingdom 0.7 67 92 0.99987 653.4
Netherlands 0.4 27 73 0.99995 975.3
Network Management EMS / DMS
Comprehensive
set of
applications
dedicated to MV
network
operations
Generation &
Transmission
Distribution
EMS
DMS
Comprehensive
set of
applications
dedicated to HV
network
operations
Source: Capgemini
EMS/DMS/OMS
Benefits of DMS
Source: ABB
Optimal Topology of Distribution Networks
The optimal topology normally
represents the lowest losses of the system.
To determine the Optimal Topology,
specialized software packages are used,
which assume that all the poles, in particular the double deadends,
are potential open points.
This allows the software to
determine the best boundaries among feeders to reduce the overall losses.
Once the optimal topology is found,
switches, breakers or even re-closers can be installed in some of the open points and some
along the feeders, to allow system
reconfiguration.
EMCALI is an utility that has around 110 feeders at 13.2 kV that register a total loss figure above 15% which requires the
application of several methods among them the
feeder reconfiguration
Case Study
14
13
11
9
7
3
20 21
18
17
16
15
12
4
1
2
6
58
19
10
Case Study
14
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9'
7
3
20 21
18
17
16'
12
4
1'
2
6
58
19
10
1
1615
18'
20'
13' 19'12'
8'
10'
14'
4'
Case Study
If the prototype represents 5% of the overall system, the total savings amount is $ 2,803,200
0.10 $/kWh
kWh Cost
160 kW
Losses saving
Data
160 kW
8760 h0.10
$/kWh $ 140,160
Annual Saving
Cost Savings Illustration
Feeder Reconfiguration
• Feeder reconfiguration consists in themodification of the topology of anetwork through the closing of a tieswitch that links two feeders and theopening of a closed switch so as tomaintain the radial condition of thefeeders.
• Feeder reconfiguration is highly used torestore service automatically to healthsections of feeders when faults happen.This is known as Fault Location,Isolation and Feeder Restoration-FLISR
• The reconfiguration can also be carriedout in order to have a better operationcondition of the network and specificallyto reduce the losses due to the Jouleeffect.
Illustration of FLISR
1F4
12
I II III
2
3
4
9
6 7 10 11
13
14
F5
F1 F3
F2
DD1
DD2
DD6
8
Tie 1 Tie 2
Tie 3
5
DD4
FAULT OPEN CLOSE
F1 2 and 3 T3
F2 13 ---
F3 9 ---
F4 6 and 8 T1 or T2
F5 7 ---
The best sequence operation
sequence of the tie and close
switches is shown in the following
table:
After the system reconfiguration takes
place, the Time Current Characteristic
(TCC) settings have to be modified
It is essential to have the availability
of multiple setting groups.
OMS
Source: MILSOFT UTILITY SOLUTIONS
Envisioned DA and OMS Configuration Model for
Smart Grid
Source: TRC White Paper
Source: Capgemini
Advanced DMS Applications
Smart Grid Maturity Model
Smart Grid Maturity Model – Domains
Strategy, Mgmt & Regulatory
SM
R Vision, planning, governance,
stakeholder collaboration
Organization and Structure
OS
Culture, structure, training,
communications, knowledge mgmt
Grid Operations
GO
Reliability, efficiency, security, safety,
observability, control
Work & Asset Management
WA
M Asset monitoring, tracking &
maintenance, mobile workforce
Technology
TE
CH IT architecture, standards,
infrastructure, integration, tools
Customer
CU
ST
Pricing, customer participation &
experience, advanced services
Value Chain Integration
VC
I Demand & supply management,
leveraging market opportunities
Societal & Environmental
SE
Responsibility, sustainability, critical
infrastructure, efficiency
PIONEERING
Breaking new ground; industry-leading innovation
Optimizing smart grid to benefit entire organization; may
reach beyond organization; increased automation
Investing based on clear strategy, implementing first
projects to enable smart grid (may be compartmentalized)
Taking the first steps, exploring options, conducting
experiments, developing smart grid vision
Default level (status quo)
Integrating smart grid deployments across the
organization, realizing measurably improved performance
Smart Grid Maturity Model – Levels
SGMM at a Glance
5
4
3
2
1
0 SMRStrategy,
Management, &
Regulatory
OSOrganization &
Structure
GOGrid Operations
WAMWork & Asset
Management
TECHTechnology
CUSTCustomer
VCIValue Chain
Integration
SESocietal &
Environmental
8 Domains: Logical groupings of smart grid related characteristics
6 Maturity Levels: Defined sets of characteristics and outcomes
175 Characteristics: Features you would expect to see at each stage of the smart grid journey
1 1
2 2
3
0
2
0
NSEP today
Compass results: maturity profile
Methodology to define the Road map
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6 Step 7 Step 8
Step 9
Utility’s current
status
Vision-Goals
Strategic Roadmap
State-of-
the-Art
Smart Grid
Topics
Utility’s
future
status
Maturity Model
Maturity Model
Evaluation of
current status
Evaluation of
future status
Gap
Analysis
List of
requirements
Selection of
solutions Cost/Benefit
Analysis
Revision of requirements
and solutions
Identified
solutions
List of
Business
Needs
Business
Cases
Use Cases
Detailed user’s
requirements
Technical
specifications
Final Report
Description of user’s
requirements
Development of
user’s requirements
Evaluation of
standards,
technologies and
best practices
Development of technical
specifications
IntelliGrid
Methodology
Integration Challenges
Technical
Physical
•Distributed Generation Integration
•Microgrids Integration
•Short Circuit Current and Protection
•Energy Storage Integration
•Energy Vehicle Integration
System Challenges
•Security of Energy Supply
•Frequency Control
•Voltage Control
Market and Regulatory
Challenges
Challenges – Physical integration
Distributed Generation:
▪ They increase the reliability of the
system since they are generation units
spread around the whole system.
▪ Possibility of having generation at the
user level.
▪ Short circuit levels increase along the
feeders with the DG.
▪ Increase the withstand capabilities of
breakers, sectionalizers, reclosers,
capacitors, etc.
System integration – IEEE Std 1547
IEEE Std 1547™-2003 - IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
• IEEE Std 1547a™-2014 (Amendment to IEEE Std 1547™-2003)
IEEE Std 1547.1™-2005 - IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
• IEEE Std 1547.1a™-2015 (Amendment to IEEE Std 1547.1™-2005)
IEEE Std 1547.2™-2008 - IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547™, IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.3™-2007 - IEEE Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.4™-2011 - IEEE Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.6™-2011 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks
IEEE Std 1547.7™-2013 - IEEE Guide for Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection
P1547.8/D8, Jul 2014 - IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard 1547
System integration – IEEE Std 1547
Smart Grids around the WorldCountry Description
Canada • There is a high potential for growth in this market as Canada needs to invest in its
aging electricity infrastructure.
• Energy policy drivers and regulatory frameworks are in place to help sustain growth
and incentivize utility investment in new applications, including consumer energy
efficiency and demand response programs.
China • A Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) and implemented Phasor Measurement
Units Sensors (PMUS) was built in all the 300 MW and above generators and all 500
kV substations.
• Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company launched the research in 2008 of
intelligent distribution network focused on aspects as such as energy storage and
application and integration of large-scale renewable energy power and DERs
technology, smart metering, real-time data management and visualization technology.
• The Chinese government has developed a large, long-term stimulus plan to invest in
water systems, rural infrastructures and power grids, including a substantial
investment in smart grids.
France • The Integration and Optimization of Distributed Generation, Demand Side
Management and Renewable Energy Resources (PREMIO) was launched in 2008.
• The principal objective of demonstrating an innovate, storage and Demand Response
(DR), open and replicable architecture of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) to optimize the
integration of Distributed Generation (DG), and energy efficiency strategies.
• The electricity distribution operator ERDF is deploying 300 000 smart meters in a pilot
project.
Smart Grids around the World
Country Description
South Korea • The government has launched a USD 65 million pilot plan on Jeju Island in
partnership with the industry, which included the aims of integrating a Smart Grid for
four distribution lines, 6000 households, wind farms.
• In 2006, Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) had determined a center
based large scale direct operation system and an advanced distribution operation
environment.
• Korea has announced plans to implement smart grids nationwide by 2030.
Spain • The government mandated distribution companies to replace existing meters with
new smart meters with no additional cost to the customer.
• The utility Endesa aims to deploy automated meter management to more than 13
million customers on the low voltage network from 2010 to 2015.
United
Kingdom
• There are big opportunities for innovators in the smart grid.
• The regulatory framework in the U.K. is well developed to fund smart grid
deployments.
• The government has the challenge of facilitating investment in the electricity sector
and achieving carbon reduction goals, at the same time that the rising consumer
electricity prices are contained.
• The assessment of future challenges to the electricity market cites the near-term
need for “balancing technologies”, including demand-side response (DSR) platforms
and programs, electricity storage systems, distribution automation technologies,
consumer engagement and energy efficiency programs to support the development
of DSR and achieve customer-oriented objectives of the Energy Bill.
Smart Grids around the World
Country Description
United
States
• The US government gave from 2008 to 2012 funding of over US$100 million for
Smart Grid research projects, because the emergence of the Energy Independence
and Security Act of 2007.
• The law also establishes a matching program to states, utilities and consumers, in
order to build Smart Grid infrastructure and create a Grid Modernization
Commission to assess progress and funded projects and to recommend needed
standards.
• Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) and other funding agencies have initiated 99 Smart Grid Investment
Grants and 41 Smart Grid demonstration Projects.
Renewable Energy Policy Status in Latin America
COUNTRY
Ren
ew
ab
le e
ne
rgy ta
rge
ts
REGULATORY POLICIESFISCAL INCENTIVES
AND PUBLIC FINANCING
Fe
ed
-in
ta
riff
/ p
rem
ium
pa
ym
en
t
Ele
ctr
ic u
tilit
y q
uo
ta
ob
liga
tio
n / R
PS
Net m
ete
rin
g
Bio
fue
ls o
blig
atio
n/
ma
nd
ate
Hea
t o
blig
atio
n/ m
an
da
te
Tra
da
ble
RE
C
Te
nd
eri
ng
Cap
ita
l su
bsid
y, g
ran
t, o
r
reb
ate
Inve
stm
en
t o
r p
rod
uctio
n
tax c
red
its
Red
uctio
ns in
sa
les,
en
erg
y, C
O2
, V
AT
, o
r
oth
er
taxe
s
En
erg
y p
rod
uctio
n
pa
ym
en
t
Pu
blic
in
ve
stm
en
t, lo
an
s,
or
gra
nts
Argentina O O O R O O
Barbados O O N O N O O
Belize O O O
Brazil O O R ON O O O O O
Chile O O O N O O O O O
Colombia O N O O
Costa Rica O R N O N O O O
Dominican Republic O O O N R N
Ecuador O O O O O
El Salvador O O O O O
Guatemala O O O O O O
Guyana O O O O
Haiti O O O O
Honduras O O N O O O O
Jamaica O O O O O O
Mexico O O O O O O
Nicaragua O O O O O
Panama O O O O O
Paraguay O O O O
Peru O O O O O
Trinidad y Tobago O O
Uruguay O O O O O OO - Existing national (could also include state/provincial)
ON - Existing state/provincial (but no national)
R - Revised
N - New
Source: REN21. Annual Reporting on Renewables (2017).
Country Description
Argentina • Energía Argentina S.A. (ENARSA) are implementing for several years actions to
obtain an active monitoring of equipment associated with the transmission system.
• The largest distribution of electricity called EDENOR has implemented a number of
technologies to achieve an intelligent management of the power grid.
Brazil • Smart Grid has become in one of the most important concepts in the Brazilian
energy sector.
• In 2010, many Brazilian utilities started a deep study in Smart Grids, in order to
prepare and manage their investment in new infrastructures, research and
development and the grid modernization.
• Several companies have been focused on Smart Metering.
Chile • Chilean Energy system was one of the first in Latin America that regulated the
participation of Smart Grids and the integration of Renewable Energy Technologies.
• The Chilean government has defined an energy strategy stated in the “Estrategia
Nacional de Energía 2012-2030” published by the Ministerio de Energía on
February 2012, which indicates the development of distributed generation, smart
metering technologies (focusing on Net Metering) and smart grids as a target.
• The company Chilectra has started in 2011 the first project of smart metering in
Santiago.
• Santiago is actually one of the first cities in Latin America supporting the diffusion of
smart grid technologies, which are key to the development of more sustainable
energy systems.
• The Smart City Santiago project consists in providing state of the art technologies.
Opportunities in Latin America
Opportunities in Latin AmericaCountry Description
Colombia • The definition of Smart Grids Vision 2030 Colombia was structured by the Mining-
Energy Planning Unit (UPME) that includes the challenges, the tasks and
requirements that must be carried out.
• There are AMI projects developed by EPSA, Emcali and Electricaribe using the PLC
technology.
• Law 1715 was implemented in 2014, which establishes the legal framework and
instruments for the use of non-conventional energy sources (especially those from
renewable sources).
Costa Rica • The eight biggest distribution local companies applied the Maturity Model of the
Software Engineering Institute.
• The application of the methodology helps to evaluate and diagnose the current
situation of electricity companies, as well as the aspiration for the future and the
development of a roadmap for the implementation of intelligent solutions in electrical
service.
• This was done with the support of the CECACIER and CRUSA.
Mexico • The Smart Grids development in the Mexico incorporates digital technology in each
part of the energy system chain.
• They have facilitated the incorporation of renewable energy to the Mexican energy
matrix.
• The biggest energy company in the country called Federal Electricity Commission
(CFE) is carrying out a project to improve the exchange of data in order to monitor
and control electrical parameters of the power grid by using wireless technology.
• The CFE in conjunction with ELSTER Group have invested in an AMI solution to
install it into their grid.
Costa Rica Case
Costa Rica Case
Costa Rica Case
Mexican Case
Fuente: PRODESEN 2015-2029.
NUEVO MODELO DE LA INDUSTRIA ELÉCTRICA
Mexican Case
Fuente: Elaborado por CENACE con información de ADEME.
ESCENARIO DE LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL SISTEMA ELÉCTRICO NACIONAL CON LA INCORPORACIÓN DEREDES ELÉCTRICAS INTELIGENTES.
Mexican Case
Challenges and recommendation for Latin American
• Smart Grid vision is already started to be considered in many regulatory and
technological aspects in the different countries of Latin America and around
the world.
• After the definition of the Smart Grid Road Map, a suitable policy and
legislative framework can be developed at the different responsibilities level.
• Smart Grids will allow an easy participation of the new technologies, including
all the components associated with distributed generation. Latin American
countries have an interesting opportunity to use non-conventional energy
resources because the good availability in comparisons with other countries.
• Specific cost-benefits scenarios must be analyzed in the various Latin
American situations by the different stakeholders and implemented
considering the potential of policy and regulation adaptation.
• The development of smart grids technologies relies on technology
interoperability, which is achieved through an adequate standardization.