JRC Soil Securing soil knowledge...Soil Module, and subsequent value-added assessments. 3. Support...
Transcript of JRC Soil Securing soil knowledge...Soil Module, and subsequent value-added assessments. 3. Support...
JRC Soil
Securing soil knowledge for sustainability, food security climate change
and natural capital
• Policy relevance of soil increasing.
• Soil is increasingly recognized as a public good that provides life critical services and resilience to both natural and man-made systems. Soil is a limited natural resource, unequally divided between nations and people.
• Poor waste control, inappropriate land management and poor governance leads to human-induced soil degradation and loss of soil functions. Indirect (cross border) soil use and climate change exacerbate pressures.
• Soil degradation is a key driver of poverty, hunger, conflict, land grabbing, mass migration and desertification – highly evident in
SDGs.
Strategic direction
• Integrated assessments/scenarios of soil functions and contribution to natural capital (indicators and monitoring). Biological condition of soil.
• Increased emphasis on soil in key societal challenges (e.g. climate change, sustainable agriculture, nutrient management, human health, development, etc.).
• Soil cornerstone of global actions and EU development agenda (UN, Africa, Asia).
• Value of soil (natural capital accounting).
Strategic direction
Defining soil condition
• key regulators of numerous ecosystem processes and numerous benefits to society
• ecosystem services
• better quality of human life
• supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services
What does soil biodiversity do?
Sequester carbon
Greenhouse gasses regulation
Support food, fibre, biofuel production
Control of nutrient cycles
Biodegrade pesticides
Control plant pests
Build soil organic matter
Contribute to biodiversity
Reduce soil erosion
Fix nitrogen
Support plants via mutualism
Breakdown wastes Make compost
Cultural and educational value
Build soil structure
Soil Functions and Ecosystem Services
Life-critical, Multi-functional, ResilienceUnder pressure
Competition for land Degradation processes
Why soil? Rationale
1. Support EU policies addressing soil (ENV, AGRI, CLIMA, ESTAT, SANTE, EEA, EFSA) through the continued development of knowledge base (inventories, policy relevant indicators, best practices) on soil functions and pressures acting on them.
2. Support Commission services through the planning and coordination of LUCAS Soil Module, and subsequent value-added assessments.
3. Support the Global Soil Partnership, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS), the European Soil Partnership and soil-related aspects of international agreements to which the EU is a party (SGD, UN Rio+).
4. Support the development of knowledge base in the domain of soil through participation in H2020 research projects – until 2020 (?)
5. To maintain and develop the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) as the primary knowledge hub for soils for the EU and further afield.
Key Objectives
VERIFY
[C5]
Observation-based system for
monitoring and verification of
greenhouse gases
(soil carbon)
WP5840 CIRCASA
Coordination of international
research cooperation on soil C sequestration in
agriculture
(soil carbon sequestration)
WP 899 SOIL-NACA
Securing SOIL as NAturalCapital
EN
V
WP 5037 S4CC
Soil for climate change
CLIM
A
WP 5044 AGSOL
Soil: the foundation of agriculture
AG
RI
Natural Capital Project
WP3706 SOILCARE
Soil care for profitable and
sustainable crop production
(agriculture and soil ecosystem services)
H2020
LUCAS SOIL Survey 2018
Administrative Arrangement ESTAT
Cross Delegation AGRI, CLIMA, ENV & JRC
Soil Thematic Strategy, soil functions & threats indicators, Global Soil Partnership-ITPS, EEA, LUCAS Coordination, soil biodiversity, FAO, IPBES, UNCCD, SDG
2030 Climate & Energy framework, Paris Agreement, Soil Thematic Strategy, '4 pour mille', SDG, carbon sequestration
CAP, Soil Thematic Strategy, Erosion indicators, condition of agricultural soils
WP2204 LANDMARK
Land management assessment,
research, knowledge base
(soil functions assessment)
WP2214 iSQAPER
Interactive Soil Quality Assessment in Europe and China for Agriculture and
Environment
(soil functions assessment)
EU-China/Asia Soil Pollution
FPI / AA?
End of waste criteria for manure
AA ENV
B5 & D2
European Soil
Partnership
AA EMV
Overview: 2019
BIO4A
Biofuel for aviation on
degraded land in MED
LUCAS Africa
Sustainable intensification
in Africa
LANDSUPPORT
Development of Integrated Web-Based Land Decision Support
System Aiming Towards the
Implementation of Policies for Agriculture
Natural Capital Project aiming to brings together JRC activities on
• Soil (environmental focus)• Forest• Ecosystem services• Water (monitoring of pollutants)• Invasive alien species• Natural capital accounting
Natural capital assess stocks of natural assets which include geology, soil, air, water and all living things, from which ecosystem services make human life possible.
Contribute to projects on agriculture, climate mitigation bioeconomy
Support to development of Land/Soil Mission in Horizon Europe
2019-2020
ESTAT: Agro-Environmental
DG AGRI
ESTAT: Regional stats
ENV-ESTAT: EUROPE 2020
European Parliament -Greens
UNEP
EEA
Soil indicators &
policy supportModus operandai
IA scenarios & Impact indicators
++Climate change: adaptation and mitigation• Increased soil C storage
++Sustainable management of natural resources• Prevent soil erosion• Reduce rate of soil sealing• Improve soil quality
Support to CAP Reform
Improve knowledge on soil condition
LUCAS SOIL
LUCAS Framework
LUCAS Cu in Topsoils
Review of Fertiliser Directive
LUCAS 2009/2012 LUCAS 2015 LUCAS 2018
22,000 samples from 27 EU MS* 1,000 m limit
Physical and chemical parametersCoarse fragmentsParticle-size distributionOrganic carbonN, P, KCarbonatespHCation exchange capacity
Multispectral spectroscopy
Heavy metals
*MT & CY by JRC only
22,325 samples from 28 EU MS 1,122 samples in Balkan countries and
Switzerland
Samples taken at altitudes above 1,000 m
Physical and chemical parameters (2009/2012)
Multispectral spectroscopy
New parametersElectrical conductivity (all samples)Clay mineralogy (400 samples)
26,000 samples from 28 EU MS
Physical and chemical parameters (2009/2012, 2015)
New parametersBulk density (9,000 points)Biodiversity (1,000 points)
Thickness organic horizon(Histosols)
Erosion (all points)
Partial repeat heavy metalsPesticides and antibioticsPlastics…
LUCAS Soil: Evolution
Workshop and Task Force Soil Monitoring
2021?: Baseline for CAP/LULUCF & national involvement
ESTAT / SDG
EU SDG indicator set
• Soil erosion SDG2 and 15
• Soil organic carbon SDG 13 & 15 (2 & 14?)LUCAS 2009 v 2015 (v 2018….)
Draft soil erosion indicator
IRS CC
sink
source
CO2
Net GHG
N2O
RYEGRASS
Climate change mitigation : Scenario Analysis
• Integrated crop residue retention and lower soil disturbance management (IRS)
• Introduction of N- fixing cover crops incorporated before the successive main crop (CC) ‘green manure’
• Introduction of no N-fixing cover crops (RYEGRASS)
Lugato et al., Nature Climate Change February 2018
RCP4.5 - HadGEM2
Understand the impact of climate change on soil erosion
• Direct impact on productivity and soil respiration
Cumulative C budget (Tg C yr-1) over the period 2016-2100, in the accelerated (AE) and current (CE) soil erosion scenarios
• Variation in rainfall erosivity
No erosion = -1.8 Tg C yr-1
Lugato et al., 2018
• Novel approach to quantify effect of climate change on soil
• Publication in Science
Integrated assessments
LANDMARK• Development of a functional land management tool for the
dynamic assessment of the supply of soil functions in response to land-use and management across EU
• MAES-SOIL Report• MAES Report• Soil in EU Biodiversity TS
DEMAND SCENARIOS
• Demand Vs Capacity: 6+ scenariosCarbon sequestration, increased resilience, greening of agricultural policy, manure management, land use change, …
• Excess demand: Demand exceeds maximum capacity – soils unable to provide function: policy failure, land degradation, …
• Demand exceeds optimum capacity: soils unable to deliver consistently
• Demand and supply balanced at optimum capacity: ideal level
• Excess capacity: resources underutilised Available capacity
Demand
Available capacity
Demand
Available capacity
Available capacity
Demand
Soil-based ecosystem services
EIONET NRC Soil Ad-hoc Expert Group – retirement of APP
• Revision of the Land and Soil Indicator LSI003: Progress in the remediation of contaminated sites
• RemTech Europe - European Conference on remediation markets and technologies
China/SE AsiaJRC/CRAES Workshop on soil pollution (Beijing, February 2018)
Pesticides, antibiotics, plastics…
Metals – background / sources / trends
Diffuse pollution – challenge / exposure
Health – SDG3?
Contamination
Land degradation
Raising awareness / outreach
Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas
35,000 downloads
4,400,000 views
Nat Geo tweet to 12,000,000
>1,000 sold
Increased scientific knowledge base
EDD, Soil Atlas of Asia, ESOF 2018…
2017 Scientific excellence Award
Nature
23/06/2017
Examples
Implementation of European Soil Partnership
• Secretariat
• Chair Pillar 2 Working Group
• Study on sustainable soil management
• Summer school (with INRA) on sustainable soil management (Dijon)
• Support to data harmonisation
• European soil data catalogue
• Development of SOTER soil database in Danube
• Soil Atlas Europe (2nd edition)
ESP
• CAP Reform • Development of indicator framework• Support to MS Strategic Plans• Knowledge hub on soil and agriculture
• EU Joint Programme• MS asked to build soil knowledge base and information (c 40M euro + parallel funding)
strong emphasis on links to LUCAS Soil and ESDAC
• End of waste criteria for processed manure Contribution to circular
economy• Comparison with mineral products / efficiency• Impacts on N-cycle (Nitrates Vulnerable Zones) & SOC• Human and environmental ‘health’ implications (veterinary products, metals,
sweeteners,…)
Agriculture
Global framework
a) Support to implementation of Global Soil Partnership • Chair of Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS)• Secretariat of European Soil Partnership (ESP)• Chair of, and contributors to, GSP & ESP Working Groups
b) Input to Council resolution to support UNEP Soil Pollution• Contribution to EU/MS draft objectives and elements for resolution on soil pollution• Nominated co-contact (with ENV)
c) UNCCD • JRC contact point for CST• Policy support, Presentation & Side Event at COP13, China
d) UNFCCC• COP24, Poland• 4/1000
e) Partners and contributors to Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative• UN CBD• Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas - Chinese and Spanish versions
f) Africa • JRC Report• AGRI-LUCAS
g) Soil Atlas of Asia (with FAO & GSP)
Reassess approach soil indicators
Simple questions (e.g. compaction, salinization…)
LUCAS/MAES shows policy interest in ‘non-standard’ soil aspects• pesticides• plastics• biodiversity• soil-related ecosystem services• (diffuse) soil pollution and health
Assess trends (and significance)
Quantify soil degradation – land management drivers
Make better use of Copernicus products?
Application of big data tools
NRC challenges?
“Essentially, all life depends upon the soil ... There can be no life without soil and no soil without life; they have evolved together.” -
Charles Kellogg, 1938
Thank you for your attention
The word Homo, the genus that comprises the species Homo sapiens, is derived from the Latin humus, meaning
of the soil.