JOVIAL PLANETS Outer Solar system

Outer system

Jupiter

Jupiters Facts

Mythology – Roman god Jupiter 5th planet from the sun Largest planet in our solar system Gas Giant Oblate Spheriod shape – Bulge in the

middle! Has at least 63 moons!

Jupiters Facts

Mythology – Roman god Jupiter 5th planet from the sun Largest planet in our solar system Gas Giant Oblate Spheriod shape – Bulge in the

middle! Has at least 63 moons!

Jupiter’s Statistics Orbital Period – 4331. 5 days Size = 121 Earths Gravity – 24 m/s Surface Temp – 165 K (more than 200 C

below 0)

Jupiter’s Atmosphere Atmospheric Data comes from Galileo

Probe that crashed into the atmosphere of Jupiter

Atmosphere divided into distinct bands

Atmosphere

Layers of Jupiter Draw and Label the diagram of Jupiter on your notes Mostly Hydrogen (88 percent) and helium (12 %)

Magnetosphere

14 times as strong as earths

Aurora Three bright dots

are magnetic flux tubes that connect to Ion, Ganymede and Europa

Aurora

Jupiter’s Red Spot Longest Lasting Storm in history

(Discovered in the 1600) Rotates counterclockwise every 6 days Slowly fading

Jupiter’s Red Eye

Jupiters ring System

Jupiter’s ring system Jupiters rings are very difficult to see. Jupiter's rings were first found by the

Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979 Three main sections comprise Jupiter's

ring system. Halo ring -The innermost, cloud-like Main Ring -is quite narrow and thin. Gossamer Ring-wispy, nearly transparent

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter

Jupiter’s Shepherd Moons Metis Thebe Adrastea Amalthea

INNER MOONS!

Jupiters 4 galilean Satellites Io Europa Callisto Ganymede

BASIC FACTS = discovered by Galileo in 1610

He spotted the four large moons and realized that they were orbiting Jupiter, Not EARTH!!!

Io

Images of Io Image

Io http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXeIll

6YYQs Has a large iron Core (may be molten) SO2 Atmosphere (Thin) Closest to jupiter 4th largest moon Most volcanically active body in the solar

sustem 400 active volcanoes blue./white spots are volcanoes erupting

Europa

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEtf5lh3SEw

Europa is an Icy satellite

Below Europa’s frozen exterior of ice, there is liquid water

Vast sea could hold microorganisms

Heat generated by planet flexing, keeps water liquid

Water? Life?

Europa

europa

Ganymede Largest Moon in

the solar system Has a

magnetosphere http://www.youtube

.com/watch?v=64oBWEsMq2Y

Sounds http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PPEwGJy6PI

Callisto 2nd largest moon

of jupiter Tidally locked Thin CO2

Atmospere Subsurface ocean Could be a

“human” base for research

Saturn

Saturn’s Facts

Mythology – names after roman god Saturnus (Saturday!).

6th planet from the sun 2nd largest planet in the solar system Gas Giant Oblate Spheriod Less dense then water!

Saturn’s Statistics Orbital Period – 10759 days (29.5 years) Size = Gravity= Surface Temp –

Saturn’s Atmosphere

Atmosphere 93.2 % molecular hydrogen, 6.7 %helium Faint atmosphere bands (lighter than

jupiter) Cloud patterns observed by voyager

(hexagonal)

Saturn’s Great White spotGiant storm hat happens every 30 years

(once a saturian year)Will be another one in 2020

Surface Has a planetary magnetic field, strength

in between earth and jupiter Wind speeds of 1800 km/h

Layers of Saturn Draw and Label the diagram of on your

notes Small core of rock and ice surrounded by a

thick layer of metallic hydrogen and a gaseous outer layer

Saturn’s ring System

Saturns’s ring system

First discovered by Galileo in 1610 Rings consist mostly of ice with small

amounts of debris and dust Theories:

Roche - Rings were once a moon of saturn that was ripped apart by tidal forces

Secondary – Rings are left over from original nebular material from which saturn formed

Saturns’s ring system - FEATURES Features:

Cassini division Enckle Gap Possess own atmosphere of molecular O2

different from saturn

Roche Limit

Moons 61 moons 52 with names 6 unconfirmed moons

Jupiter’s Shepherd Moons Metis Thebe Adrastea Amalthea

INNER MOONS!

Saturn’s Moons Io Europa Callisto Ganymede

Titan

Images of Io Image

Titan Only moon in the solar system to have

its own atmosphere atmosphere is impenetrable to visible

waves 2nd largest moon in the solar system Resembles early earth

Atmosphere of nitrogen and methane

Surface – False Color Cassini

Missions Voyager

Arrived: 1980 Studies: close fly by of Titon, Achieves: images of rings

Missions Cassini

Arrived: 2004 Studies: saturn orbit insertion, flyby of

titan. lightning Huygen Insertion – Huygens descended

onto the surface of Titan on January 14, 2005,

Missions – Cassini Orbit

Uranus!

Uranus’s Facts

Mythology – Named after the greek god of the sky

7th planet from the sun 3nd largest planet in the solar system Ice Giant Tilted sideways (north and south lay

where other planets have their equators)

Uranus’s Statistics Orbital Period – 84 years Rotational Period = 17 hours 14 minutes Tilt – Rolling ball (not top) Low internal heat

Uranus’s Atmosphere

Atmosphere Coldest Atomosphere in the solar system Belt -Zone Circulation

Belt – Dark colored band Zone – Light colored band Belts and zones flow in opposite directions Storms

occur in between belts Heat produced in the center feeds the storms

Uranus’s ring system - FEATURES Made out of rock particles Thirteen narrow rings

Roche Limit: where are the rings?

Moons 27 moons Named from the works of Shakespeare

and Alexander Pope Largest moon –Titania (less than half the

size of the moon) Visited by Voyager 2

Saturn’s Moons Io Europa Callisto Ganymede

Roche limit If moons are to

close: The gravity of

planet will break them up (maybe becoming rings)

If moons are too far away: They will not be

held in orbit

Roche Limit (Notes) Distance within 2.5 radii of the center of

a planet Moons cannot form/moons are torn apart RINGS ARE FOUND INSIDE THE ROCHE

LIMIT MOONS ARE FOUND OUTSIDE THE

ROCHE LIMIT

Roche Limit

Missions to the outer solar system

Pioneer 10 and 11 Voyager 1 and 2 Galileo (Jupiter) Cassini (Saturn)

Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Ganymede, Io, europa, Callisto, Titan,

tritan, titania

Neptune!

Neptune Facts

Mythology – Named after the roman god of the sea

8th planet from the sun 17 times the mass of the earth Ice Giant

Neptune Statistics Orbital Period – 164 years Rotational period – 16.11 hours

Neptune’s Great Dark Spot Strongest sustained winds win the solar

system 2100 km per hour

Neptune’s ring system - FEATURES Made out of rock particles Very fragmented Very Faint

Moons 13 moons Triton:

moves in the opposite direction of its planets

Most likely used to be a dwarf planet Spiraling inward (will eventually be torn

apart)