Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter 8 Preschool.
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Transcript of Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter 8 Preschool.
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Chapter 8
Preschool
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Preschool
Characteristics Ages 3-6 years Growth slow and steady Improved fine and gross motor skills Autonomous, creative exploration Participation in preschool and nursery
school
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Physical Characteristics of the Preschooler Height and weight Body proportions Muscle and bone development Teeth Sensory development
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Vital Signs
Temperature Pulse Respirations Blood pressure
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Developmental Milestones
Motor development Gross motor skills Fine motor skills Sexual development
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Psychosocial Development
Erikson—Developing initiative Pretending Trying out new roles
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Discipline
Need limits set Learn impulse control Use positive reinforcement Use time out
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Psychosocial Concerns
Jealousy Sibling rivalry Need “special time” with parents Response to divorce Preschool education
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Cognitive Development
Piaget—Preoperational stage continues Reversibility Centration
Magical thinking Longer attentions span
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Moral Development
Kohlberg—Preconventional stage Learn to model adult behaviors
Freud’s development of a superego or conscience
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Communication Language more sophisticated
4-year-old Uses 3-4 word sentences Understands who, what, and where questions
5-year-old Can form sentences with five or more words Vocabulary contains 2000-2400 words
Very talkative Like to talk on the telephone
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Nutrition
Follow the food pyramid Average 1800 calories/day Still like certain familiar foods Need smaller portions than adults Offer healthy snacks Mealtime should be pleasant, family time
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Sleep and Rest
Need 10-12 hours of sleep Some still need a daytime nap Follow a consistent bedtime routine Dreams and nightmares are common
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Play
Cooperative or associative play Sharing and taking turns Need activities to further develop gross motor
skills Fine motor skills improve, more coordination Building confidence Play stimulates imagination Limit television and video games
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Safety
Safety issues Use of proper clothing for play and sleep Use of proper safety restraints in motor vehicles Stranger safety Water safety Poisoning
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Health Promotion
Good health practice Use of health-care services Early diagnosis and treatment Regular immunizations
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Common Preschool Concerns
Thumb sucking Bedwetting Fears
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd EditionJourney Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Chapter Challenge
Explain what Erikson meant by the task of initiative for this stage
Give three good food snacks appropriate for this stage
Describe the safety concerns for preschoolers