Journalists’ multiskilling in the digital age
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Transcript of Journalists’ multiskilling in the digital age
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MAURICE VERGEERR A D B O U D U N I V E R S I T Y N I J M E G E N
T H E N E T H E R L A N D S
ALEXANDER PLEIJTERU N I V E R S I T Y O F G R O N I N G E N
T H E N E T H E R L A N D S
LIESBETH HERMANSR A D B O U D U N I V E R S I T Y N I J M E G E N
T H E N E T H E R L A N D S
JOURNALISTS’ MULTISKILLING IN THE DIGITAL AGE
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Changes in the field
Drastic changes in media industriesincreased media outputDigitizationthe InternetMergers
Factors important for media industry changes:technological innovationseconomic pressuresProfessionalizationStriving for increased quality
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From convergence to multi-skilling
Single mode news organizations transformed to multi-media organizations
Converged news organizations affects journalism practice (Avilés & Carvajal, 2008) Different and more skills Production for several platforms simultaneously Production speed increases
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Economic necessity
Declining number of newspaper subscriptions“News is for free”
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Consequences for journalists’ daily activities More production With less journalists At a much quicker rate
Journalist transform from a specialist to generalist
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Still…
Empirical evidence is lacking Little research on multi-skilling Hardly any longitudinal research
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Research Questions
What type of activities do journalists carry out?
To what degree have these activities increased or decreased over time, in general and specifically for different media types?
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Data and measurements
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Data
Drawn from the membership database of the Dutch Journalism Association (NVJ).
2006 (N=643) and 2010 (N=1016)identical measurement instruments in both
years
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Measurements
activities and media platforms, a matrix with one dimension all types of
media platforms listed and the other dimension the media activities listed.
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Media platforms
Broadcasting Public service broadcastingCommercial broadcastingRegional public service broadcastingLocal broadcasting
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Media platforms
NewspaperNational newspapersFree dailiesRegional newspapersNondaily newspapersFree door-to-door newspapers
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Media platforms
MagazinesNews magazinesSpecial interest magazinesProfessional magazinesCorporate magazinesMagazines for associations
The WebJournalism websites and weblogs (unrelated
to media that are traditionally offline)
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Activities
writingeditingreportingcoordinatephoto´s/videopresentingmaintain website
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Findings
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Most performed activities
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2006 2010
writingeditingreportcoordinatephoto´spresentmaintain website
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Number of activities performed
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2
2,5
3
3,5
4
2006 2010
# ac
tiviti
es NewspaperBroadcastingMagazinesThe Web
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What activities have in- or decreased by media type
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0
5
10
15
20
newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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0
5
10
15
20
newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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5
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newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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-20
-15
-10
-5
0
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newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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-5
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newspaper broadcasting magazines the Web
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Conclusion
Journalists perform multiple activities. About three to four activities
Writing, editing and reportingIn four years time there is been little change
overallBut,Considerable changes within different media
typesMulti-skilling is mostly performed on the web, but
less in other mediaAnd even slightly decreasing for traditional media
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Editing, presenting and reporting has decreased across media types
Writing and recording videos and photographing has increased for selected media
Maintaining a website has increased across all media
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Future research
What specific combinations of activities do journalists perform?
To what extent is this related to personal and professional background (age, gender, professional education)?