Journal TopicJournal Topic

Essential Essential Question:Question:

What are the main focal What are the main focal points for studying the points for studying the

cultures and ancient cultures and ancient Greece and Rome?Greece and Rome?

“The life which is unexamined is not worth living.”

--Socrates

At Your Desks…At Your Desks…• Copy Homework:–Read and take notes on pp. 198-201–Bring in 1st drafts on Thursday (with pencil, pen, highlighter)

• Read and take notes on pp. 106-113

Extra Credit Extra Credit AssignmentAssignment

• Read one of the following selections from the textbook and, in a 3 paragraph essay, discuss the speaker’s view of Greek culture and the Greek way of life

–The Funeral Speech of Pericles (pp. 180-188)– from The Apology (pp. 190-195)

The Heroic AgeThe Heroic Age• (Mycenaean Era)• Legends of Greek

mythology are “born”– King Minos

– Agamemnon (Trojan War)

• Development of early Greek culture

The Epic AgeThe Epic Age

• Iliad and Odyssey created

• Greek alphabet developed (alpha – beta)

• Beginnings of Greek arts

Political Political ContributionsContributions• City States (“polis”)– Ex. Sparta and Athens– Ruled by a king– Separate but shared common cultural bond – Called themselves Hellenes (descendants of

Hellen – ancestor of sole “flood” survivor – see The Deucalion, p. 64)

– Shared common social and religious institutions– Olympic Games established

Political Political Contributions Contributions (cont.)(cont.)• Athens and Sparta– Sparta – militarism, conservative

culture, oligarchy (power and rule in hands of a few) • living a Spartan lifestyle meant you were

sternly self- disciplined, rigorous, required little comforts or luxuries

– Athens – established democracy (rule by the people), emphasis on culture and comfort

Political Political Contributions Contributions (cont.)(cont.)• Pericles and the

Golden Age– ruled Athens for 30

years– “stressed middle

course between extremists”

– patron of the arts, literature, philosophy

• Built The Parthenon (temple of Athena)

The ParthenonThe ParthenonRuins in Greece Reconstructed in Nashville

The ParthenonThe Parthenon

Artistic Artistic ContributionsContributions• Lyric poetry Lyric poetry – Brief, intensely personal, Brief, intensely personal,

emotionalemotional– Poems often set to music (lyre) Poems often set to music (lyre)

[performance art][performance art]– Monody – poetry for a single Monody – poetry for a single

voicevoice– Choral – poetry for many voices Choral – poetry for many voices

(chorus)(chorus)

Artistic Artistic Contributions Contributions (cont.)(cont.)• Greek Drama – Athenian

playwrights: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides

– The Tragedy consider questions involving:• human suffering• free will• moral responsibility• limits of knowledge

Contributions in Contributions in PhilosophyPhilosophy• Socrates (lover of

wisdom) • the Socratic

method– questioner

explores the implications of another’s position in order to stimulate thinking/illuminate ideas

Famous Quotes of Famous Quotes of SocratesSocrates

• As for me, all I know is that I know nothing. Beware the barrenness of a busy life.

• I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and that is that I know nothing.

• From the deepest desires often come the deadliest hate.

• Let him that would move the world first move himself.

• Wisdom begins in wonder.

Contributions in Contributions in PhilosophyPhilosophy

• Plato (student of Socrates)

• Developed The Academy – (first institution

of higher learning)

The Grove of PlatoThe Grove of Plato

Famous Quotes of Famous Quotes of PlatoPlato

• Better a little which is well done, than a great deal imperfectly.

• Courage is knowing what not to fear. For a man to conquer himself is the first and noblest of all victories.

• Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.

• He who commits injustice is ever made more wretched than he who suffers it.

Contributions in Contributions in PhilosophyPhilosophy• Aristotle (Plato’s

student) • Developed a

comprehensive system of philosophy (included logic, morality, science, etc)

• Wrote The Poetics, an analysis of the principles of tragedy

Famous Quotes of Famous Quotes of AristotleAristotle

• We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.

• You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honor.

• I count him braver who overcomes his desires than him who conquers his enemies; for the hardest victory is over self.

• At his best, man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice he is the worst.