Journal of Avian Biology JAV-00629 · Ground-Tyrant 26.1 cavity resident 4 0.524 0.524 1 4.89 9.4...

Journal of Avian Biology JAV-00629Heming, N. M. and Marini, M. Â. 2015. Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New World flycatchers. – J. Avian Biol. doi: 10.1111/jav.00629

Supplementary material

1

Journal of Avian Biology

Supporting Information

Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New World flycatchers

Neander M. Heming and Miguel Â. Marini

Appendix 1. Data summary and supporting references for clutch sizes, body sizes, and egg measurements of Fluvicolinae in the

New World.

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Table A1. Data summary containing body mass (g), nest type, migratory behaviour, average clutch size (Clutch), estimated Kw for

genus and species, egg size (g), mean temperature during the warmest quarter (Bio10, Hijmans et al. 2005) as a proxy for mean

temperature during the breeding season (TempBreed), and annual range (max – min) of monthly actual evapotranspiration (Ahn

and Tateishi 1994) as a measure for actual evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas) recorded for Fluvicolinae species across the

New World. Last column are listed the source references of egg measurements.

X̄ Kw Egg size (g) TempBreed

(ºC) AETseas

(mm)

Species English name

Body mass

(g) Nest type Migratory behaviour Clutch Genus Species

N of sites X̄ SD Min Max Min Max References

Agriornis lividus Great Shrike-Tyrant 99.2 open resident 3 0.524 NA

2 7.59 ± 0.20

19.3 20.2

35 68 49, 79 Agriornis

micropterus Gray-bellied Shrike-

Tyrant 67.8 open resident 3.5 0.524 NA

3 5.75 ± 0.78

15.4 20.3

43 68 49, 73, 84

Agriornis montanus Black-billed Shrike-

Tyrant 63.3 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.522

5 7.03 ± 0.46

8.6 20.2

19 152 49, 61, 79,

101, 111

Agriornis murinus Lesser Shrike-Tyrant 29.9 open short-distance

migrant 3 0.524 0.522

2 3.13 ± 0.28

8.6 18.0

25 43 5, 78

Alectrurus risora Strange-tailed

Tyrant 21.0 open resident 3 0.525 0.526

10 3.10 ± 0.25

22.5 26.8

90 128 45, 46, 57,

79, 89

Alectrurus tricolor Cock-tailed Tyrant 16.0 open resident 2.5 0.525 0.528

4 2.54 ± 0.29

23.5 23.5

137 137 18

Arundinicola leucocephala

White-headed Marsh Tyrant 13.6 enclosed resident 3 0.524 0.524

17 1.95 ± 0.27

23.9 28.7

33 130

10, 29, 35,

36, 58, 59,

79, 86, 87,

94, 117

Colonia colonus Long-tailed Tyrant 16.8 cavity resident 2.5 0.527 0.525

1 2.12

23.9 23.9

121 121 35 Colorhamphus

parvirostris Patagonian Tyrant 8.5 open short-distance

migrant 3 0.527 NA

9 2.06 ± 0.25

8.6 16.4

41 153 4, 21, 82,

86, 99, 109

Contopus cinereus Tropical Pewee 12.5 open resident 2.5 0.525 0.526

11 1.78 ± 0.28

22.4 27.0

47 126 3, 10, 36,

3

73, 105, 106

Contopus cooperi Olive-sided

Flycatcher 35.6 open

medium/long-distance migrant 3.5 0.525 0.523

2 2.71 ± 0.17

19.9 24.0

91 115 11, 23

Contopus latirostris Lesser Antillean

Pewee 10.3 open resident 2 0.525 0.526

1 1.68

24.7 24.7

102 102 14

Contopus pertinax Greater Pewee 27.1 open short-distance

migrant 3 0.525 0.523

3 2.79 ± 0.05

21.6 27.7

63 88 11, 95

Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-

Pewee 13.0 open

medium/long-distance migrant 3 0.525 0.526

2 1.72 ± 0.06

16.3 23.6

63 84 7, 11

Contopus virens Eastern Wood-

Pewee 13.8 open


4 1.91 ± 0.19

19.6 23.3

121 140 7, 11, 23, 95

Empidonax difficilis Pacific-slope

Flycatcher 10.3 cavity

medium/long-distance migrant 4 0.524 NA

12 1.61 ± 0.22

14.1 29.1

61 107

11, 12, 19,

75, 76, 79 Empidonax

flavescens Yellowish Flycatcher 10.5 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.527

1 1.92

21.2 21.2

43 43 13

Empidonax flaviventris

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 12.0 cavity


8 2.00 ± 0.47

15.4 22.3

98 135 19, 23, 79

Empidonax fulvifrons Buff-breasted

Flycatcher 7.95 open resident 3.5 0.524 NA

1 1.13

20.5 20.5

89 89 12 Empidonax

hammondii Hammond's

Flycatcher 10.5 open short-distance

migrant 4 0.521 NA

6 1.51 ± 0.14

10.2 32.9

31 124 7, 11, 17,

19, 75

Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher 11.5 open


23 1.36 ± 0.07

13.7 21.3

44 131 7, 11, 19, 23

Empidonax oberholseri Dusky Flycatcher 10.38 open

short-distance migrant 4 0.521 0.521

5 1.88 ± 0.10

16.0 21.2

64 74 19

4

Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher 13.4 open

medium/long-distance migrant 3.5 0.526 NA

33 1.80 ± 0.22

8.6 23.3

44 133

7, 11, 20,

23, 114

Empidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher 13.1 open


11 2.02 ± 0.21

16.6 28.7

94 141

7, 11, 19,

108, 114

Empidonax wrightii Gray Flycatcher 12.3 open short-distance

migrant 3.5 0.524 0.524

3 1.92 ± 0.33

16.0 22.0

49 64 7, 11, 98

Fluvicola albiventer Black-backed Water-

Tyrant 11.6 enclosed short-distance

migrant 2.5 0.525 0.525

14 1.87 ± 0.18

22.5 27.5

90 131 42, 57, 63,

74, 79, 86

Fluvicola nengeta Masked Water-

Tyrant 21.0 enclosed resident 2 0.528 0.528

5 2.10 ± 0.12

22.6 26.8

72 127 63, 65, 76,

81, 96

Fluvicola pica Pied Water-Tyrant 14.0 enclosed resident 2.5 0.523 0.524

11 1.64 ± 0.25

26.1 28.7

33 126

10, 29, 36,

58, 59, 87,

94, 117, 118 Hirundinea

ferruginea Cliff Flycatcher 22.5 open resident 2 0.525 0.528

2 2.62 ± 0.22

23.9 25.2

120 121 34, 35

Hymenops perspicillatus Spectacled Tyrant 22.9 open

short-distance migrant 3 0.524 0.524

16 2.81 ± 0.45

19.3 27.1

33 131

9, 40, 42,

47, 48, 49,

57, 60, 79,

86, 103 Knipolegus

aterrimus White-winged Black-

Tyrant 20.0 open short-distance

migrant 2.5 0.524 0.523

2 3.07 ± 0.39

23.6 25.2

120 134 57, 86 Knipolegus

cyanirostris Blue-billed Black-


migrant 2 0.524 0.525

4 2.81 ± 0.46

22.4 26.0

82 131 41, 57, 88 Knipolegus

nigerrimus Velvety Black-Tyrant 20.2 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.527

1 3.44

20.2 20.2

107 108 92

Knipolegus signatus Andean Tyrant 17.8 open resident 2 0.524 0.526

7 2.72 ± 0.40

19.8 25.2

82 120 34, 57, 85,

86 Knipolegus

striaticeps Cinereous Tyrant 11 open resident 2 0.524 0.525

1 1.91

25.2 25.2

120 120 34

Lathrotriccus euleri Euler's Flycatcher 11.5 open resident 2.5 NA NA

14 1.77 ± 0.24

20.8 26.1

65 138 1, 2, 6, 10,

5

35, 36, 57,

73, 86

Lessonia oreas Andean Negrito 13.8 open resident 3.5 0.524 0.524

1 2.48

12.2 12.2

82 82 111

Lessonia rufa Austral Negrito 12.5 open short-distance

migrant 3 0.524 0.525

7 2.18 ± 0.31

9.3 22.6

35 139 28, 49, 79,

86, 90, 115

Machetornis rixosa Cattle Tyrant 29.6 enclosed resident 3.5 0.524 0.524

18 3.73 ± 0.30

20.9 28.7

90 141

25, 29, 34,

40, 42, 48,

57, 68, 74,

79, 86, 94,

96, 103, 115 Muscisaxicola

albilora White-browed

Ground-Tyrant 26.5 cavity short-distance

migrant 2.5 0.524 0.524

1 3.66

19.6 19.6

47 47 91 Muscisaxicola

alpinus Plain-capped

Ground-Tyrant 26.1 cavity resident 4 0.524 0.524

1 4.89

9.4 9.4


capistratus Cinnamon-bellied


migrant 3 0.524 0.524

1 4.33

13.9 13.9


cinereus Cinereous Ground-

Tyrant 18.6 enclosed resident 2 0.524 0.524

1 3.57

17.8 17.8


juninensis Puna Ground-Tyrant 22.2 enclosed resident 2 0.524 0.524

1 3.89

20.2 20.2


maclovianus Dark-faced Ground-

Tyrant 23.8 enclosed short-distance

migrant 2.5 0.524 0.524

2 3.65 ± 0.38

9.3 9.3


maculirostris Spot-billed Ground-

Tyrant 14.2 open resident 3 0.524 NA

4 2.02 ± 0.28

19.3 20.2

35 68 49, 79 Muscisaxicola

rufivertex Rufous-naped


migrant 3 0.524 0.524

1 3.54

16.0 16.0

98 98 100

Myiobius atricaudus Black-tailed

Flycatcher 10.0 enclosed resident 2 0.527 0.527

5 1.39 ± 0.09

19.2 27.5

32 60 54, 105, 106

Myiobius barbatus Whiskered

Flycatcher 11.5 enclosed resident 2 0.526 NA

6 1.53 ± 0.14

22.3 26.0

20 139 35, 52, 55,

63, 107 Myiobius

sulphureipygius Sulphur-rumped

Flycatcher 12.0 enclosed resident 2 0.527 0.526

3 1.55 ± 0.10

22.3 26.5

32 43 75, 105, 106

6

Myiophobus cryptoxanthus

Olive-chested Flycatcher 11.0 open resident 2 0.525 0.523

4 1.59 ± 0.06

10.8 24.2

15 26

51, 64, 64,

106

Myiophobus fasciatus

Bran-colored Flycatcher 10.3 open resident 2 0.524 0.524

28 1.67 ± 0.13

15.7 27.7

32 138

2, 10, 36,

39, 43, 51,

57, 58, 59,

60, 69, 73,

79, 80, 83,

86, 93, 102,

104, 105,

106 Myiotheretes

fumigatus Smoky Bush-Tyrant 33.4 enclosed resident 2 0.524 0.524

1 3.55

17.8 17.8

19 19 110 Ochthoeca

cinnamomeiventris

Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant 11.9 open resident 2 0.525 NA

4 2.01 ± 0.02

9.8 23.9

20 73 50, 79, 102

Ochthoeca diadema Yellow-bellied Chat-


4 1.78 ± 0.19

9.8 23.9

20 89 56, 79, 102,

112

Ochthoeca fumicolor Brown-backed Chat-


3 2.41 ± 0.09

12.8 23.9

20 73 64, 79, 102 Ochthoeca

leucophrys White-browed Chat-


1 2.66

11.8 11.8

30 30 79 Ochthoeca

oenanthoides

d'Orbigny's Chat-

Tyrant 17.7 cavity resident 2 0.525 0.525

2 2.35 ± 0.30

23.9 25.0

73 116 77, 79

Pyrocephalus rubinus Vermilion Flycatcher 13.1 open resident 2.5 0.528 0.528

46 1.65 ± 0.17

11.8 28.7

30 138

8, 11, 15,

24, 29, 31,

35, 38, 42,

47, 48, 57,

60, 66, 68,

70, 71, 73,

79, 86, 94,

95, 97, 102,

103, 113,

115

7

Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus

Cinnamon Flycatcher 10.5 open resident 2 0.525 0.528

1 1.42

22.4 22.4

114 114 27

Satrapa icterophrys Yellow-browed


migrant 3 NA NA

17 2.37 ± 0.32

20.9 25.4

90 131 47, 48, 57,

68, 79, 86

Sayornis nigricans Black Phoebe 18.7 open resident 4.5 0.526 0.524

14 2.15 ± 0.17

10.4 27.2

29 171

3, 8, 11, 16,

33, 44, 75,

86, 87, 102,

106, 116

Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe 18.3 open short-distance

migrant 5 0.526 0.524

4 2.27 ± 0.12

19.6 22.5

120 138 11, 23

Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe 20.9 enclosed

medium/long-distance migrant 4.5 0.526 0.525

2 2.56 ± 0.42

8.6 21.7

75 102 11, 72

Xolmis cinereus Gray Monjita 57.6 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.524

9 5.68 ± 0.21

22.0 26.8

106 129 42, 57, 67,

73, 83, 86

Xolmis coronatus Black-crowned

Monjita 47.0 open short-distance

migrant 2.5 0.524 0.524

4 5.19 ± 0.86

22.1 23.5

44 130 57, 70, 71,

88

Xolmis dominicanus Black-and-white

Monjita 42.8 open resident 3.5 0.524 0.524

2 4.40 ± 0.21

19.2 22.8

124 131 37, 57

Xolmis irupero White Monjita 29.8 cavity resident 3.5 0.524 0.522

13 3.60 ± 0.40

22.5 26.8

82 131

30, 42, 57,

63, 79, 86,

88

Xolmis pyrope Fire-eyed Diucon 38.3 open resident 3 0.524 0.524

8 4.52 ± 0.39

8.6 19.3

35 153 4, 32, 79, 86

Xolmis salinarum Salinas Monjita 25.1 open resident 2 0.524 0.527 1 3.63

26.5 26.5 85 85 26

8

Supporting references for clutch sizes, body masses, and egg

measurements of Fluvicolinae in the New World.

Publication list of species average clutch sizes

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Greeney, H. F. 2007. Observations on nesting biology and natural history of Slaty-

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growth and plumage development. - Boletín de la Soceidad Antioqueña de

Ornitología 17: 10–16.

Greeney, H. F., Dobbs, R. C., Juiña J., M. F. and Lysinger, M. 2005. Nests and eggs of

Olive-chested Flycatcher (Myiophobus cryptoxanthus) in eastern Ecuador, with

comments on breeding of Bran-colored Flycatcher (M. fasciatus) in western

Ecuador. - Boletín de la Soceidad Antioqueña de Ornitología 15: 89–99.

Hannelly, E. C. and Greeney, H. F. 2008. Observations on the nestling and parental

care of the Yellow-bellied Chat-tyrant (Ochthoeca diadema) in eastern Ecuador.

- Ornitología Neotropical 19: 149–152.

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BirdLife International 2011. IUCN Red List for birds.

9

Di Giacomo, A. G., Krapovickas, S. F. and Pereira, J. 2005. Historia natural y paisaje

de la Reserva el Bagual, provincia de Formosa, Argentina. - Asociación

Ornitológica del Plata.

Dunning, J. B. 1992. CRC Handbook of avian bird masses. - CRC Press.

Ramirez, L., Diniz-Filho, J. A. F. and Hawkins, B. A. 2008. Partitioning phylogenetic

and adaptive components of the geographical body-size pattern of New World

birds. - Global Ecology and Biogeography 17: 100–110.

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11

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12

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15

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growth and plumage development. - Boletín de la Soceidad Antioqueña de

Ornitología 17: 10–16.

55. Greeney, H. F. and Gelis, R. A. 2008. Further breeding records from the

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Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New World flycatchers


Appendix 2. Geographical variation of predictor variables used in the analyses.

Figure A1. Species richness maps by nest-type and migratory behaviour of Fluvicolinae species across the New World. Open (a),

enclosed (b), and hole nesters (c) in the top row. Resident species (d), short-distance migrants (e), and medium/long-distance

migrants (f) in the bottom row. Distribution data derived from BirdLife International (2011). We used only the breeding areas.

Figure A2. Maps of the environmental variables and clutch size of Fluvicolinae species across the New World used as predictors in the

generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and model selection. a). Mean temperature during the warmest quarter (Bio10, ºC, Hijmans et

al. 2005) as a proxy for mean temperature during the breeding season (TempBreed); b) annual range (max – min) of monthly actual

evapotranspiration (mm, Ahn and Tateishi 1994) as a measure for actual evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas), and: c) average

clutch size across species occurring in each pixel. Distribution data derived from BirdLife International (2011). We used only the

breeding areas.

1



Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New

World flycatchers


Appendix 3. Supporting result tables

Table A1. Ranking of 32 candidate models to test the ecological and environmental

relationships of Fluvicolinae egg size taken from the studies within the literature

conducted across the New World. Egg sizes were estimated using specific Kw

(correction factor) values, as described in “Egg size calculation” subsection of

“MATERIALS AND METHODS” section. Number of estimable parameters (K), second-

order Akaike’s information criterion values (AICc), AICc differences (∆AICc), AICc

Weights (Wi), and model likelihood (LL) are presented. Fixed variables considered

include migratory behaviour (Migratory), nest type (Nest), species’ typical clutch size

(Clutch), mean temperature during breeding season (TempBreed), and Actual

Evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas). We used log(Body mass) as covariate and

species as random factor in all models.

Model K AICc ∆AICc Wi LL

TempBreed+Migratory 5 -619.02 0.00 0.30 316.52

AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory 6 -617.45 1.57 0.14 316.74

TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 6 -617.44 1.58 0.13 316.73

TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 7 -616.17 2.85 0.07 317.10

2

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 7 -615.90 3.12 0.06 316.96

TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -615.34 3.68 0.05 317.68

TempBreed 3 -615.10 3.92 0.04 312.56

Migratory 4 -614.72 4.29 0.03 313.37

AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 8 -614.67 4.35 0.03 317.35

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 9 -613.93 5.09 0.02 317.98

TempBreed+Clutch 4 -613.47 5.55 0.02 312.75

AETseas+TempBreed 4 -613.45 5.57 0.02 312.74

Clutch+Migratory 5 -612.88 6.14 0.01 313.45

AETseas+Migratory 5 -612.73 6.28 0.01 313.38

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch 5 -611.88 7.14 0.01 312.95

Migratory+Nest 6 -611.60 7.42 0.01 313.81

1 2 -611.50 7.52 0.01 309.76

TempBreed+Nest 5 -611.42 7.59 0.01 312.72

AETseas+Clutch+Migratory 6 -610.89 8.13 0.01 313.46

TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 6 -610.26 8.75 0.00 313.15

Clutch+Migratory+Nest 7 -610.15 8.87 0.00 314.09

AETseas+TempBreed+Nest 6 -609.79 9.23 0.00 312.91

Clutch 3 -609.62 9.40 0.00 309.82

AETseas+Migratory+Nest 7 -609.60 9.42 0.00 313.81

AETseas 3 -609.51 9.51 0.00 309.77

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 7 -608.73 10.28 0.00 313.38

AETseas+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -608.15 10.86 0.00 314.09

Nest 4 -607.76 11.26 0.00 309.89

AETseas+Clutch 4 -607.62 11.40 0.00 309.82

Clutch+Nest 5 -606.11 12.90 0.00 310.07

AETseas+Nest 5 -605.76 13.25 0.00 309.89

AETseas+Clutch+Nest 6 -604.12 14.90 0.00 310.07

3

Table A2. Ranking of 32 candidate models to test the ecological and environmental

relationships of Fluvicolinae egg size taken from the studies within the literature

conducted across the New World. Egg sizes were estimated using Hoyt’s (1979)

method. Number of estimable parameters (K), second-order Akaike’s information

criterion values (AICc), AICc differences (∆AICc), AICc Weights (Wi), and model

likelihood (LL) are presented. Fixed variables considered include migratory behaviour

(Migratory), nest type (Nest), species’ typical clutch size (Clutch), mean temperature

during breeding season (TempBreed), and Actual Evapotranspiration seasonality

(AETseas). We used log(Body mass) as covariate and species as random factor in all

models.

Model K AICc ∆AICc Wi LL

TempBreed+Migratory 5 -619.46 0.00 0.30 316.74

TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 6 -618.04 1.42 0.15 317.03

AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory 6 -617.94 1.52 0.14 316.98

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 7 -616.56 2.89 0.07 317.29

TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 7 -616.46 3.00 0.07 317.24

TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -615.79 3.67 0.05 317.91

TempBreed 3 -615.19 4.27 0.04 312.61

Migratory 4 -615.12 4.34 0.03 313.57

AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 8 -615.00 4.46 0.03 317.51

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 9 -614.44 5.02 0.02 318.23

TempBreed+Clutch 4 -613.66 5.80 0.02 312.84

AETseas+TempBreed 4 -613.60 5.85 0.02 312.82

Clutch+Migratory 5 -613.37 6.08 0.01 313.70

AETseas+Migratory 5 -613.12 6.34 0.01 313.57

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch 5 -612.14 7.31 0.01 313.08

Migratory+Nest 6 -611.86 7.59 0.01 313.94

4

1 2 -611.51 7.95 0.01 309.77

TempBreed+Nest 5 -611.40 8.06 0.01 312.71

AETseas+Clutch+Migratory 6 -611.38 8.08 0.01 313.70

Clutch+Migratory+Nest 7 -610.52 8.93 0.00 314.27

TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 6 -610.29 9.16 0.00 313.16

AETseas+Migratory+Nest 7 -609.87 9.59 0.00 313.95

AETseas+TempBreed+Nest 6 -609.82 9.64 0.00 312.92

Clutch 3 -609.68 9.78 0.00 309.85

AETseas 3 -609.51 9.95 0.00 309.77

AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 7 -608.84 10.62 0.00 313.43

AETseas+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -608.53 10.93 0.00 314.28

AETseas+Clutch 4 -607.68 11.78 0.00 309.85

Nest 4 -607.67 11.79 0.00 309.85

Clutch+Nest 5 -606.05 13.40 0.00 310.04

AETseas+Nest 5 -605.67 13.79 0.00 309.85

AETseas+Clutch+Nest 6 -604.05 15.40 0.00 310.04

5

Table A3. Model averaged estimates (Estimate), unconditional standard errors (SE),

profile likelihood 85% confidence intervals (CI), and importance (W) of the fixed effects

across all generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) testing the variation of Fluvicolinae

egg sizes taken from the studies within the literature conducted across the New World.

Fixed variables considered include migratory behaviour (Migratory), nest type (Nest),

species average clutch size (Clutch), mean temperature during breeding season

(TempBreed), and Actual Evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas). We used

log(Body mass) as a covariate and species as a random factor in all models. Egg sizes

were estimated using specific Kw (correction factor) values, as described in “Egg size

calculation” subsection of “MATERIALS AND METHODS” section.

Variable Estimate SE CI lower CI upper W

Intercept -0.947 0.177 -1.201 -0.692

Short-distance migrants -0.025 0.030 -0.069 0.019 0.343

Medium/long-distance migrants 0.021 0.051 -0.052 0.094 0.197

Clutch 0.056 0.053 -0.020 0.132 0.197

Enclosed nesters 0.065 0.031 0.021 0.109 0.901

Hole nesters -0.075 0.053 -0.152 0.001 0.901

TempBreed -0.004 0.002 -0.007 -0.002 0.908

AETseas 0.00012 0.00019 -0.00015 0.00039 0.317

6

Table A4. Spatial autocorrelation analyses for residuals of Fluvicolinae egg size across

the New World, showing distance classes, mean distance for each class (Distance

Center, km), number of connections used in each distance class (Count), and Moran’s I

and P value for the averaged model.

Dist. Class

Distance Center

Count Moran's I P

1 247 14,070 0.060 0.005

2 653 14,354 0.011 0.286

3 990 13,854 -0.026 0.030

4 1,403 14,044 -0.059 0.005

5 2,051 14,080 0.018 0.131

6 2,924 14,034 -0.013 0.261

7 3,648 14,062 -0.002 0.839

8 4,100 14,064 -0.026 0.030

9 4,463 14,014 -0.005 0.628

10 4,853 14,070 -0.006 0.593

11 5,424 14,080 0.019 0.065

12 6,717 14,084 -0.002 0.864

13 8,068 14,058 -0.027 0.025

14 8,772 14,092 -0.027 0.045

15 9,413 14,078 0.091 0.005

16 11,587 14,038 -0.040 0.010

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