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Transcript of Journal of alternate energy sources & technologies (vol5, issue1)
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies
www.stmjournals.com
(JoAEST)Jan - April 2014
ISSN: 2321-5186
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
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Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies
(ISSN: 2321 – 5186)
?Wind Energy Technology Biogas digestion
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DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India
Puneet Pandeya
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Aditya Sanyal
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Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof.D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal
University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral
Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials
Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,
Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,
Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
Aurangabad, India.
Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
STM Journal Editorial Board
Dr. Chetan Singh SolankiAssociate Professor department
of Energy science and Engineering IIT Bombay
Dr. Tushar JashAssistant Professor School of Energy
Studies Jadhavpur University
Dr. A. JagadeeshDirector at Nayudamma Centre for Development Alternatives
Dr. Apurba GoshAssociate Professor
Department of Environmental Science University of Burdwan
West Bengal India.
Editorial Board
Dr. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt. Ltd.
MIT Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
Dr. Ramasare Prasad Yadav Indian Institute of Technology
Rorkee, India.
Dr. Atul SharmaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering,
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, U.P., India.
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development, Nurture
Earth R&D Pvt. Ltd.MIT Campus, Aurangabad, India.
Sudhagar ManiUniversity of Georgia, Athens , USA,
United States.
Animesh DuttaUniversity of Guelph, Canada.
Dr. Arun PAssistant Professor, Mechanical
Engineering Department, NIT Calicut, India.
Dr. Raghubir Singh AnandDepartment of Electrical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
Dr. Mahendra LalwaniAssociate Professor, Pinkcity
Engineering College & Research Center, Jaipur, India.
Dr. P.K. BhargavaChief Scientist & Scientist Coordinator
(Efficiency of Buildings Division)Central Building Research Institute
Roorkee.
T HussainNational Center For Physics,
Quaid-i-Azam University Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 5 Issue (1)] of Journal of
Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies (JoAEST). The intension of JoAEST is to create an
atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Alternate Energy
Sources.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoAEST provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies found to be relevant for National
and International recent developments and research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Alternate Energy Sources.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Review findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. A Preliminary Evaluation of Renewable Energy Technology Financing Options for Nigeria Aminu H. Isa, Abdelnasser Abdallah, Aisha S. Ingawa, Johnson O. Ojosu 1
2. Achieving Energy Economy and Sustainable Development by Decentralized Energy Planning in Angkuchen Village, Sikkim: A Case Study Amit Kumar Roy, Vaibhav Jaswal, Karan Wadhwa, B. B. Pradhan 6
3. Growth and Characterization of CuInSe Nanoparticles for Solar Cell Applications2
MRA Bhuiyan, MM Alam, MA Momin, MK Rahman, DK Saha 13
4. Renewable Energy Resource (Biofuel) For Sustainable Future Srijoni Banerjee 18
ContentsJournal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies
JoAEST (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186
Volume 5, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
A Preliminary Evaluation of Renewable Energy
Technology Financing Options for Nigeria
Aminu H. Isa, Abdelnasser Abdallah, Aisha S. Ingawa, Johnson O. Ojosu* Energy Planning and Analysis Department, Energy Commission of Nigeria,
Plot 701c, Central Area, P. M. B. 358, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract Renewable energy technologies (RETs) ought to play a complementary role to
conventional energy technologies as these have the potential to meet up energy needs in rural areas with regards to access, availability and affordability. Despite these
potentials, the current challenge is how to finance their deployment and services. Since
long-term growth in the market for RETs is going to be determined by social and economic development that is occurring in both the rural and urban areas as well as the
ability of these technologies to compete financially with other energy options on a level playing field, there is need to evaluate various options available to finance the
deployment of RETs in Nigeria. This paper attempts a preliminary evaluation of the
possible options and their implications for sustainable commercial financing of small-scale RE projects in the rural areas of Nigeria. It is divided into five sections. The first
section is the introduction which provides background information, next section
“Overview of energy and financing needs of rural people” gives the market definition and an overview of energy and financing needs of rural people; this section also reviews
energy access, availability and affordability challenges. It also gives an overview of RET financing barriers in Nigeria. The next section gives the possible RETS financing
barriers in Nigeria. RET financing options for Nigeria are discussed further in the next
section, Conclusion are discussed in the end of paper by stressing the need for an enabling environment for financing RETs.
Keywords: Renewable energy technologies, financing barriers, evaluating financing
options, rural areas
JoAEST (2013)© STM Journals 2013. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186
Volume 5 Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Achieving Energy Economy and Sustainable Development
by Decentralized Energy Planning in Angkuchen Village,
Sikkim: A Case Study
Amit Kumar Roy*, Vaibhav Jaswal, Karan Wadhwa, B. B. Pradhan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology,
Majhitar, East Sikkim-737132, India
Abstract Energy is the fuel for the growth of human civilization. But what becomes of utmost
importance by current trends is proper management of the energy resources. The
commercial energy consumption, in current state of affairs, is about 67% of the total energy consumed in India. This includes coal with the largest share of 57%, followed by
oil at 28%, natural gas at 12% and hydro energy at 3%. Non-commercial energy sources
consisting of firewood, cow dung and agriculture wastes account for over 30% of the total energy consumption. Here we have a country that is rich with its share of renewable
energy resources which still remain unharnessed. If these resources are harnessed
judiciously and their allocation is done based on proper surveying and analysis of demography, geography and climatic conditions, a sustainable balance can be achieved
between commercial and non-commercial energy sources. This in turn would be helpful in controlling the country’s import bill and achieving economic stability in the country,
as energy is a key component in the economic instability prevailing in the country. For
this paper, the authors surveyed Angkuchen village, Pakyong, East Sikkim, India, and
gathered data that helped place in context the current demography and energy trends in
the village. Further, a climatic and geographic analysis was carried out. This helped us
to place a great deal in the allocation of the available energy resources and optimizing them so as to increase the energy efficiency of the village. The current energy status,
choice of energy options, and potential of renewable energy systems for creating sustainable livelihoods and meeting energy economy in this village has been elaborately
discussed in the paper. The outline plan at decentralized level was prepared with the
objective of providing energy security in villages by meeting total energy needs for cooking, lighting and motive power through various forms of available renewable energy
sources.
Keywords: Decentralized energy planning, renewable energy systems, alternative
energy technology
JoAEST (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186
Volume 5, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Growth and Characterization of CuInSe2 Nanoparticles
for Solar Cell Applications
MRA Bhuiyan1*, MM Alam
1, MA Momin
1, MK Rahman
1, DK Saha
2
1Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
2Atomic Energy Centre, GPO Box 164, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Abstract This paper investigates the possibility of growing copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) nanoparticles by solution method for solar cell applications. The purpose is to study the
reaction, growth mechanism and to optimize the parameters of this method. Upon
successful synthesizing the samples, they were characterized using various techniques. EDAX, SEM, PIXE, XRD together with the measured optical parameters obtained from
UV-VIS absorption testing were analyzed. They show reasonably identical values that
ascertain the compositional uniformity of the sample. The sample is mainly composed of a large amount of nanoparticles with irregular shapes that were easily aggregated
together. All elements of Cu, In and Se are present. The XRD result indicates a mixture of CuInSe2 in the product. The UV-VIS absorption spectrum shows an absorption peak
centered at approximately 440 nm. Analyzing the results of various types of
characterizations, it has been assessed that CuInSe2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized.
Keywords: CuInSe2 nanoparticle, compositional uniformity, structural parameter,
optical parameter
JoAEST (2014) 18-21 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 18
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186
Volume 5, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Renewable Energy Resource (Biofuel) For
Sustainable Future
Srijoni Banerjee* Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
Abstract The equal distribution of resources should be for all, irrespective of rich or poor. There
must be a balance between the need and consumption. The developed countries are utilizing more resources as compared to developing countries. This imbalance is
responsible for rich becoming richer and poor becoming poorer. This is due to sharp
increase in population in developing countries. To achieve a sustainable life style, there should be equal distribution of global resources and income to meet everyone’s need.
This paper is a review article based on sustainable development scenario. This article
also indicates the depletion of non-renewable energy resource level and its adverse impacts on the environment. But biofuel is a good example of renewable energy
resource, an example of sustainability and biofuel can be generated from waste plastic, municipal solid waste, biomass, cellulosic material, etc.
Keywords: Sustainable development, sustainability, renewable energy resource,
biofuel