Journal #20 1. Who discovered the electron? 2. What did Rutherford discover?
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Transcript of Journal #20 1. Who discovered the electron? 2. What did Rutherford discover?
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Journal #201. Who discovered the electron?2. What did Rutherford discover?
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Atomic Structure
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Learning Goal:Today, we will identify the number of protons,
neutrons and electrons for a given element.
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AtomsElements consist of atoms.An atom is the smallest unit of an element
that has the chemical properties of that element.
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Atomic Structure Even though elements are very tiny, they are
made up of smaller parts called subatomic particles.
There are 3 kinds of subatomic particles:Protons- positive chargeNeutrons-no chargeElectrons-negative charge
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The NucleusThe nucleus is the small region in the center
of an atom.The nucleus has a positive charge because it
contains only protons and neutrons.
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The Electron CloudElectrons move around the nucleus in a space
called the electron cloud.
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Atomic NumberThe atomic number is equal to the number of
protons in an atom.Example:
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. That means it has 6 protons
Elements on the periodic table are ordered according to their atomic number.
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Number of electronsFor all neutrally charged elements, the
number of protons equals the number of electrons:
Example:Oxygen has an atomic number of 8.
8 protons8 electrons
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Atomic MassThe atomic mass is equal to # of protons + #
neutrons.Example:
Carbon has an atomic mass of 12 and an atomic number of 6. Therefore :
12(mass)-6(protons)= 6 neutrons
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IsotopesAlthough all atoms of a given element contain
the same number of protons, the number of neutrons may differ.
Isotopes are named according to their atomic mass
Example:Most helium atoms have 2 neutrons, some
helium atoms only have one neutron.
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Let’s Practice:1. For the element Oxygen: identify the
number of protons, neutrons and electrons.2. For the element Carbon-13: identify the
number of protons, neutrons and electrons3. For the element Hydrogen- identify the
number of protons, neutrons and electrons
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