Journal #1: How might an Anatomist and Physiologist see a...
Transcript of Journal #1: How might an Anatomist and Physiologist see a...
Journal #1: How might an Anatomist and
Physiologist see a computer differently? Objective #1:
Define Anatomy and
Physiology and describe
various specialties of each
discipline.
Identify the major levels of
organism organization from
the simplest to most complex
Identify the organ systems of
the human body and the
major components of each
system.
Chapter 1- An Introduction
to Anatomy & Physiology
Part 1: * Interactive notes to correspond
with pages 4 - 10
An Introduction to Studying the Human
Body
Anatomy- the study of the structures of the body and their relationship to each other
Gross Anatomy- MACROSCOPIC Surface- or superficial
Regional- focusing on specific areas of the body
Systemic- how organ groups function together
Developmental- focus on changes between conception and maturity also known as embryology
Microscopic Anatomy- Needs Magnification Cytology- analysis of cells
Histology- examination of tissues
An Introduction to Studying the Human
Body
Physiology – studies the functions of the
human body
Cell- analyzes the chemical processes within and
between cells
Special – specialized or focuses on specific
organs
Systemic – includes the functioning of entire
organ systems
Pathological – studies the effect of diseases on
organs and organ systems
Levels of Organization
Chemical or Molecular
Cellular
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
Journal #1: What is a thermostat? How
does it work? What is it’s purpose? Objective 1:
Explain Homeostasis and
it’s significance for
organisms.
Describe how negative
and positive feedback
are involved in
homeostatic regulation.
FUN FACT: The
human head
remains conscious
for 15-20 seconds
after it has been
decapitated.
Chapter 1- An Introduction to
Anatomy & Physiology
Part 2 Homeostasis: * Interactive notes to correspond
with pages 11-14
Homeostasis
A condition in which the
internal environment of the body(extracellular fluid) remains constant.
Chemical composition
Temperature
Pressure
A failure to maintain homeostasis results in DEATH!!!
How does a jellyfish maintain homeostasis?
Homeostatic regulation
The adjustment of physiological systems to
maintain homeostasis.
Autoregulation- cell, tissue, organ, or organ
system adjust in response to change.
Extrinsic Regulation- nervous or endocrine
systems adjust the activities of multiple systems
simultaneously.
Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanism
Receptor
Senses environmental
change
External stimuli
Control Center
Receives & processes
stimuli
Sends out command
Effector
Cell or organ that
responds to a command
Negative Feedback
Primary mechanism of homeostatic
regulation
A stimulus produces a response that opposes the
original stimulus
Example: Control of Body Temperature
Positive Feedback
Rare
Stimulus creates a
response that
enhances the original
condition rather than
opposing it
Can be dangerous or
common in stressful
conditions
Systems Integration, Equilibrium,
& Homeostasis
Occurs when opposing
processes or forces are
in balance
Loss of Homeostasis
indicates system
abnormality- disease or
damage.
Journal #4: Describe how to get to
student services from here.
So…about 60% of
our bodies are water.
What would be your
dry weight?
Objective:
Use anatomical terms to
describe body sections,
regions, and positions
Identify the major body
cavities and their
subdivisions.
Chapter 1- An Introduction to
Anatomy & Physiology
Part 3 Frames of Reference: * Interactive notes
to correspond with pages 15-22
Anatomy uses a special language to describe
body sections, regions, and relative positions.
Review Figures 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, & 1-10
Anatomical Position
Hands at side, palms
facing forward
Standing front = anterior
Standing back = posterior
Laying face up = supine
Laying face down = prone
Anatomical
Landmarks
Based on the structure
it is located on or near
Example: Gluteus or
buttock region near
gluteus muscles
Anatomical Regions
Clinicians use 4
quadrants
Useful reference for
description of pain or
injury.
RLQ tenderness is a
symptom of Appendicitis
Anatomists us 9
abdominopelvic regions
Anatomical Directions
Sectional Anatomy 3 planes needed to describe a 3 dimensional object
Transverse - cross section
Frontal- cut in half front & back
Sagittal- cut in half with 2 equal sides
Ventral
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
Dorsal
Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
Internal chambers with 2 functions:
Protect delicate organs
Allow for change in shape or size of internal organs without
disruption of surrounding tissues
Body Cavities (Spaces)
Membranes
Isolate and protect the organs
Serous Membranes
Visceral- next to the organ
Parietal- next to the wall of the cavity
Ventral Body Cavity (coelom)
Divided by the
diaphragm into the
Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity
- heart
Pleural Cavity -
lungs
Abdominopelvic
cavity
Mediastinum
Divides thoracic cavity
into 2 pleural cavities
mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2
pleural cavities
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Peritoneal
Abdominal
Liver
Stomach
Spleen
Intestines
Pelvic
Intestines
Bladder
Reproductive organs
Journal #5: Which 2 cavities are in the
thoracic cavity? Which 2 are in the
abdominopelvic?
Fun Fact: The human
brain cell can hold 5 times as
much information as the
Encyclopedia Britannica.
Scientists have yet to settle on
a definitive amount, but the
storage capacity of the brain in
electronic terms is thought to
be between 3 or even 1,000
terabytes.
Objective:
Use anatomical terms to
describe body sections,
regions, and positions
Identify the major body
cavities and their
subdivisions.