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Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Research and Technology Directorate,

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD

Eighteenth International Conference On-Site Analysis

February 1-4, 2010 Baltimore, MD

Joseph L. Corriveau, Director Research and Technology Directorate

Research and Technology Directorate Overview

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Research and Technology Directorate

VisionTo be the premier national resource for chemical and

biological defense.

MissionTo provide integrated science and technology solutions to address chemical and biological vulnerabilities.

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Overview of ECBC’s Organizational Structure

Technical Director’s Office

TECHNICAL DIRECTORMr. Rick Decker

ENGINEERINGActing DirectorMr. AJ Thornton

Directorate Size: 815

PROGRAM INTEGRATIONDirector

Mr. Joe Wienand

Directorate Size: 346

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGYDirector

Dr. Joseph Corriveau

Directorate Size: 433

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Overview of ECBC’s Organizational Structure

Technical Director’s Office

TECHNICAL DIRECTOR

ENGINEERING

Directorate Size: 815

PROGRAM INTEGRATION

Directorate Size:346

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

Directorate Size: 418

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Research and Technology Directorate Organizational Structure Overview

CB INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SYSTEMS

TOXICOLOGY, AEROSOL SCIENCE

AND OBSCURANTS

BIOSCIENCES CB PROTECTION

AND DECONTAMINA

TION

Business Management Office

CHEMICAL SCIENCES

SENIOR TECHNOLOGISTSBiotechnologyBiochemistry

Chemistry

BioDefense

Biosensors

Molecular Engineering

Laser Standoff Detection

Passive Standoff Detection

Point Detection

Technology Evaluation

CB Systems Integration

Modeling, Simulation and

Analysis

CB Systems NBC Battlefield

Management

CBR Filtration

Respiratory Protection

Decontamination Sciences

Agent Chemistry

Chemical Methodology

Forensic Analysis

Aerosol Sciences

Veterinary Services

Smoke and Target Defeat

Operational Toxicology

Environmental Toxicology

Analytical Toxicology

CB DETECTION

Senior Scientist, CB Detection

Assoc Programs, Plans & Analysis

Assoc Director for Special Programs

Assoc Compliance

Agent Fate Program Manager

Assoc Administration

ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR

DIRECTOR

Biophysical Chemistry

Chief Scientist for Life SciencesChief Scientist for Chemistry

Foreign Intelligence Office

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Research and Technology Personnel

Workforce by Skill Area GovernmentResource

ContractorResource

Administrative 20 24

Biology 56 28

Chemistry 68 49

Engineering 39 12

Physical Sciences/ Physicists 39 10

Technical Support/ Math/ Computer Science 9 8

Technicians 27 17

Toxicology/ Physiologists 5 7

Total 263 155

Workforce Education Level Government Contractor

Bachelors 72 59

Masters 58 17

Doctorates 80 37

Total 210 113

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New hire PhDs awarded by:Brown UniversityCalifornia Coast UniversityClarkson CollegeDuke University Florida State UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityLoma Linda UniversityMcMaster UniversityMississippi State UniversityOhio State University (3)Penn State University (3)Purdue UniversityRutgers UniversityStony Brook UniversitySUNY Upstate Medical UniversityTulane University (2)University of ArizonaUniversity of Buenos AiresUniversity of California, BerkleyUniversity of Delaware University of GeorgiaUniversity of Maryland (6)University of Maryland Medical Center

University of New MexicoUniversity of North CarolinaUniversity of California, San DiegoUniversity of TennesseeUniversity of UtahUniversity of Virginia (2)University of Wisconsin University of WyomingVirginia TechYale University

449 Scientist and Engineer New Hires

Since FY99

BachelorsMasters

Associates

PhDs

ECBC Intellectual Capital

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Research and Technology in the ECBC Lifecycle

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Research and Technology Directorate Critical Capabilities

Biosciences– Biodefense– Biosensors– Molecular

Engineering

CB Detection– Laser and

Passive standoff– Point– Technology

Evaluation

CB Info Tech Systems– CB Systems

Integration– Modeling, Simulation

and Analysis– NBC Battlefield

Management

CB Protection and Decon

– CBR Filtration– Decon

Sciences– Respiratory

Protection

Chemical Sciences– Agent

Chemistry – Chemical

Methodology– Forensic

Analytical

Toxicology Aerosol Science & Obscurants

– Aerosol Sciences– Analytical Toxicology– Environmental

Toxicology– Smoke and Target

Defeat– Veterinary Services

ECBC’s Critical Science CapabilitiesAgent

Spectroscopy/Algorithm

Development

Chemistry and Bioscience

of CB WarfareInhalationToxicology

Aerosol Physics

FiltrationSciences

Com

mod

ity A

reas

Chemical Point Detection

Bio Point Detection IndividualProtection

Bio Standoff Detection

ChemicalStandoff Detection

Collective ProtectionDecon Information Management

Smoke and Obscurants

Counter IED

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Research and Technology Directorate Senior Teams

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Capabilities1-1500 L fermentation capacitySecure cell/reagent repository Gene cloning in bacterial & fungal expression vectorsSurety and non-surety labsLab-, chamber-, and building-scale decon studies1900 square foot BSL-3 labsStandardized production of biological simulantsE4, American Association for Laboratory Accreditation and ISO 17025 Certification.Sample testing by PCR, immunoassay, and standard microbiological methodologies. Novel immunological and molecular testing

MissionTo conduct basic and applied biological/chemical research to the development of cutting-edge sensor hardware, BW field detection assays, bioremediation and CB-related materials, microbiological testing, bioforensic analysis and full-service bioprocess manufacturing capability.

BioSciences

BioDefense Team

Biophysical Chemistry

Team

BioSensors Team

Molecular Engineering

Team

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Laser Standoff

Detection Team

CB Detection

CapabilitiesChemists, Physicists, EngineersCB signatures, including explosivesCB optical and spectral propertiesPassive IR hyperspectral imagingLWIR, NIR, UV lidar systemsDifferential Scattering and AbsorptionUV laser-induced-fluorescenceRaman spectroscopy and SERSmm-Wave spectroscopyIon-molecule reactionsSurface Acoustic Wave (SAW)Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)Bio MS-MSSurface detectionLow-volatility detectionDetection in Water Advanced signal processingAlgorithm development and evaluationCB Systems Test and EvaluationTRA Reports (M/S B-C), TRE Testing

MissionProvide state-of-the-art technologies, services, and products to enhance performance in the area of chemical and biological threat detection.

Passive Standoff

Detection Team

Technology Evaluation

Team

Point Detection

Team

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CapabilitiesSensor Network IntegrationBattlefield Information Management Information FusionDisparate SensorsLow cost bio detection technologiesFusion of advanced bio detection techniques: fluorescence, atomic emission, and scattering Battlefield Modeling & SimulationSupports DoD CB M&S requirements generation process as relates to Simulation Based Acquisition

MissionIntegration of CBRN information with existing/emerging battlefield automation systems; provide modeling, simulation & analysis products to address specific CBRN customer needs.

CB Information Technology Systems

NBC Battlefield

Management

Modeling, Simulation

and Analysis

CB Systems Integration

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CapabilitiesAerosol Collector CharacterizationCW Risk AssessmentUnique Testing Facilities (chambers, wind tunnels)Toxic Agent Inhalation Glove BoxLow Level CWA effectsPyro/Explosive/Smoke/Obscurant Tox EvaluationsChemometrics/Computational ChemistryAAALAC Accredited Tox LaboratoriesGLP ComplianceEnvironmental toxicology Aquatic and Terrestrial ToxicologyTrace CWA Metabolite/Dosemetric AnalysisConduct New Obscurant Materials Research

MissionProvide toxicology and aerosol research and development to support requirements for JS Materiel Developers, PMs, OGA and CB defense customers. Develop toxicology, aerosol, CB threat databases for operational requirements.

Toxicology, Aerosol Science & Obscurants

Aerosol Sciences

Team

Smoke & Target Defeat

Operational Toxicology

Team

Environmental Toxicology

Analytical Toxicology

Team

Analytical Toxicology

Team

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CapabilitiesCBR filter technology CBR filter system evaluationTIM/TIC protectionDecontamination technology developmentRespiratory protection technologyRespiratory protection system development

MissionExecute fundamental and applied studies to enhance capabilities of filtration, decontamination and respiratory protection technologies.

CB Protection and Decontamination

Decontamination Sciences Team

Respiratory Protection

Team

CBR Filtration

Team

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Chemical Methodology

Team

Agent Chemistry

Team

Forensic Analytical

Team

CapabilitiesSynthesis and purification of Super-Toxic Materials (STM)Chemical analysis of STM in complex matrices

– Liquid and gas chromatography

• Single stage and tandem mass spectrometry

• Nuclear magnetic resonance

Physical property measurements of STM

– Vapor pressure, melting point, boiling point

– Visual and spectroscopic interrogation of chemicalagent/ surface interactions.

Quantum chemical modeling

MissionPrimary Center resource for chemical agent synthesis, analysis and methods development, environmental fate studies, forensics, attribution and agent science support to the defense, intelligence, law enforcement and compliance communities.

Chemical Sciences

RVX Vapor Pressure

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0

1000/T (K-1)

Vapo

r Pre

ssur

e (P

a)

RVX Anto ine VX Antoine DTA Data Saturator Data T (C)

ln (VP(Pa)) = a-b/(c+T)

a = 24.136 b = 6464 c = -55.27

-20oC160oC 120oC 80oC 40oC 20oC 0oC240oC 200oC

P S C H 2 C H 2 NM e

O

OM e

M e

M e

M e

C H 2 C H 3

P S C H 2 C H 2 NM e

O

O E t

E t

C H 2M e

M e

R-33(Russian)

VX(US)

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Bio-SciencesAccomplishments

• Completed DARPA project, "Receptor Based Sensing." This study formed the nucleus of the new DTRA-funded project "Abiotic Networked Threat Systems”

• Contaminated standard envelopes with a dry, milled anthrax simulant to determine the risk associated by cross-contamination during the handling of mail.

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CB Detection Accomplishments

• Demonstrated technology to detect/discriminate bio vs. non-bio at 1000 ACPLA at 1 km, reduced false alarm rate to 1 / week and expand usability from only nighttime to include daytime operations with FAL LWIR Lidar.

• Conducted three double-blind proteomic mass spectrometry studies to identify unknown biological samples. All samples were positively identified, with no false negatives. Improvements in sample processing reduced total time to identification from 16 hours to 3 hours.

MaterialSensitivity

[ppl]

BG 272BA 345EH 320YP 245

MS2 780Ovalbu

min 9 AIRIS Wide Area IR Detector

Tomographic Reconstruction

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CB Information Technology Accomplishments

• Demonstrated novel, low-cost, low-power UV fluorescence detection technology (TAC-BIO) for biological agent warfare detection.

Low cost lenses

Low cost mirrors

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DetectionSentinel Species

OBJECTIVE: Develop quantitative spectral library entries of volatile components associated with chemical and biological warfare agents. Establish likely constituents such as unreacted precursors, growth media, stabilizers, thickeners, atmospheric degradants, and suboptimal agent preparations that either frustrate or enhance the agent signature.

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Tactical Garbage to Energy Refinery (TGER)

Tactical Garbage to Energy Refinery (TGER)

Problem:• Reduce demand for fuel

at forward operating bases and reduce security risks inherent in waste disposal

Technical Solution: • Hybrid advanced fermentation

and thermal decomposition of military waste (paper, plastic, styrofoam, food slop) produces biofuels which power 60kW military gensets.

Status: • TGER deployment to Victory

Base Camp, Iraq on 1 May 08 –10 Aug 08) for 90 day operational assessment completed. TGERs prepare for redeployment via sealift.

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Retrospective Analysis for CW Agent Exposure

Retrospective Analysis for CW Agent Exposure

• Improvements in biomarker sensitivity were required to measure agent kinetics in blood/tissues. Kinetic and toxicity data are needed to develop models for predicting agent effects across species and exposure routes.

• Accomplishment: Increased sensitivity of biomarkers from ~50 ng/ml in plasma (original GC-MS method) to better than 0.5 ng/mL by the use of LC-MS-MS instrumentation and by enhancing sample preparation methods

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Bio Standoff DetectionBio Standoff Detection

• The Frequency Agile LIDAR (FAL) candidate successfully discriminated bio aerosols with:

• 99.9% probability of detection, 0.34% probability of false alarm• max range exceeding 3 km• over 100 releases:19 simulants, 14 interferents, and 20 mixtures.

0 250 500 750 1000 1250-2-1.5-1

-0.50

0.51

1.5

Time [sec]

SC

V S

tatis

tic BG ReleaseBurning Rubber ReleaseEH Release

Discrimination of Bio not affected by interferents

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DHS Biodetector TestbedDHS Biodetector Testbed

• Developed a field testing regimen for biowarfare detect-to-warn technologies and deployed 8 candidate sensor platforms into an airport, an office building, and a transportation terminal over two three-month tests

Ink-Jet Aerosol Generator

COTS

PCRCOTS FLAPS

Design ofExperiments

Calliope0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

minutes

PLA

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Toxicology, Aerosol Sciences & ObscurationAccomplishments - 2007

ECBC was selected as a 2007 Army R&D Achievement Award Winner for the "Design and Development of the 5-cm Agent Fate Wind Tunnel,” developed by Daniel Weber. Performed Limit-of-Detection testing of bioaerosol contamination for the USPS.

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Select Research Facilities

Advanced Chemistry Lab

Bio Process Engineering Facility

Modern Life Sciences Laboratory

– Toxicological testing– Microbiology– Physiology

Chemical Agent Laboratories

Pathogen/Toxin BSL-2 and BSL-3 Laboratories

Aerosol Chambers– Aerodynamic Flow

Systems– Aerosol Generators– Wind Tunnels

Chemical Synthesis and Analysis Laboratories Analytical & Research

Labs

CB Forensics Analysis Center

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R&T’s Surety Labs promote safety and security when working with chemical and biological agentsR&T’s Surety Program includes:

– Careful planning and training of specialized personnel:• Each experiment is carefully planned; standard operation

procedures are followed• Personnel are in the Personnel Reliability Program • Surety operations are conducted with minimum people in the lab

at a time• Scientists use the buddy system to ensure safety when

performing operations• Specialized training of local emergency responders

– Specialized facilities:• Facilities equipped with engineered controls for the materials

scientists are working with• Involved filtration systems to remove and purify air tainted with

chemicals• On-site clinic equipped to screen workers for chemical exposure

Research and Technology Surety Laboratories

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R&T Staff in the Community

R&T employees offer their science expertise to the community through school programs catering to students at the elementary level through Post Graduate. Programs include:

– Kids and Chemistry– Career Related Experience

of Science and Technology– National Research Council

Associate Program– E Cybermission– Science Fair Judges– U.S. Army High School

Science and Math Program – Science and Mathematics

Academy