Joseph A. Fiola, Ph · Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.. Specialist in Viticulture and Small Fruit. Western...
Transcript of Joseph A. Fiola, Ph · Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.. Specialist in Viticulture and Small Fruit. Western...
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Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.Specialist in Viticulture and Small Fruit
Western MD Research & Education Center18330 Keedysville Road
Keedysville, MD 21756-1104301-432-2767 ext. 344; Fax 301-432-4089
[email protected]://extension.umd.edu/smallfruit
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Vineyard Pest Management
Insect, Weed, andVertebrate PestManagement
for New VineyardsJoseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.
Specialist in Viticulture and Small FruitUniversity of Maryland Extension
Western Maryland REC, Keedysville, MD
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Vineyard Pest Management
IPM/SVP/ICM Program ComponentsA “Whole Plant Health Care Plan”
• Disease/Insect Management• monitoring/trapping• forecasting• control choices
• pesticides/mating disruption• Weed Management
• cultivation• cover crops
• Other Pests - vertebrates• birds, deer, racoons
• Cultural Practices• site selection• site preparation• soil management• cultivar selection• cultural practices
• canopy management• nutrition
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Vineyard Pest Management
“The most important thing you can put into the vineyard is your footprints!”
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Vineyard Pest Management
Proximity to WoodsIncreasedpressure from:Wildlife- habitat
Insects- wild vines
Diseases- reduced airmovement
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Vineyard Pest Management
Grape Berry Moth
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Vineyard Pest Management
Grape Root Borer
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Vineyard Pest Management
Japanese Beetles
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Vineyard Pest Management
• Native to China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.
• Broad host range including many important agricultural crops such as tree fruit, small fruit, legumes, vegetables, and ornamentals.
• Typically 2 generations per year (up to six)
2nd 3rd 4th 5thAdultMale
AdultFemale
Brown Marmorated Stink
Bug
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Vineyard Pest Management
Photos courtesy of Doug Pfeiffer and Dean Polk
BMSB
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Vineyard Pest ManagementSpotted Winged Drosophila
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Vineyard Pest Management
Other Insects
Multicolored AsianLady Beetles
Grape phylloxera
Grape Leafhopper
MALB
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Vineyard Pest Management
Protect Beneficial Insects
Lady Beetles
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Vineyard Pest ManagementVineyard Weed Management
MangeweedsBEFOREYouplant!
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Vineyard Pest Management
Vineyard Floor Management Options
• Under the Row– Herbicide strip– Mechanical weed
management– Ground Cover
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Vineyard Pest Management
Vineyard Weed Management
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Vineyard Pest Management
Vineyard Weed Management
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Vineyard Pest Management
Weed Types – Life cycle• Annual – 1 year life cycle
– Germinate, grow, seed, then die in same season• Summer annual - germinate in spring/summer, grow, seed, and die in the
same season.• Winter annual - germinate in fall – stay small; Grow, seed, and die in the
next season.
• Biannual – 2 year life cycle– Germinate and grow in one season; overwinter;– seed then die in next season.
• Perennial – continuous life cycle– Germinate and grow in one season; overwinter, above dies but roots
stay alive.– Repeat from root next season.
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Vineyard Pest Management
Weed Types – Plant type• Grasses
– annual and perennial• Broadleafs
– annual and perennial
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Vineyard Pest Management
Herbicide Types• Pre-Emergence
– Stops weeds as soon as they germinate– Timing very critical
• Post-Emergence– Kills weeds after they emerge– Can be injurious to vines
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Vineyard Pest Management
Under the row management: Herbicide Strip
• Advantages– Minimal
competition– Minimal impact on
soil structure– Low labor– Aesthetics
• Drawbacks– Expense– Low labor
• Hunting season
– Short and long term effect on vines?
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Vineyard Pest Management
Vineyard Weed Management
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Vineyard Pest Management
Herbicide Sprayer Types
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Vineyard Pest ManagementVineyard Weed Management
Glyphosate – 2 years later!
2,4-D!
Be extremely careful!
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Vineyard Pest Management
Under the row management: Mechanical Weed Control
Advantages• Minimal
competition• No long term
effect on vines• “Hilling-up”
Drawbacks• Impact on soil
structure• Labor/frequency• Equipment
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Vineyard Pest Management
Mechanical Weed Mgmt.
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Vineyard Pest Management
Mechanical Weed Mgmt.
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Vineyard Pest Management
Under the row management: Ground CoverAdvantages• Benficial
competition– Water– Nutrients
• No long term effect on vines
• Erosion control
Drawbacks• Establishment • Mainteneance
– Labor
• Equipment• Early competition
– Establish year 2 or 3
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Vineyard Pest ManagementGround Cover
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Vineyard Pest Management
BirdsMigratory
or Local
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Vineyard Pest Management
Birds
‘BirdX’
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Vineyard Pest Management
Bird Netting
‘BirdX’
Fruit-zone netting
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Vineyard Pest Management
Raccoons and others
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Vineyard Pest Management
Deer
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Vineyard Pest Management
Dogs
Pairs of dogs can protect 20-30 acres. Hyperactive dogs that would normally be
destroyed are sources from animal shelters
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Vineyard Pest Management
Deer Fencing
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Vineyard Pest Management
Deer Fencing
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Vineyard Pest Management
Deer Fencing
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Vineyard Pest Management
DeerBasics of Pest ManagementThe “Ultimate” Exclusion Deer Fence
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Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.Specialist in Viticulture and Small Fruit
Western MD Research & Education Center18330 Keedysville Road
Keedysville, MD 21756-1104301-432-2767 ext. 344; Fax 301-432-4089
[email protected]://extension.umd.edu/smallfruit