Jorge-A. Sanchez-P.& Nikos Vogiatzis based on the EARNEST/GEANT2 Foresight Study .
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Transcript of Jorge-A. Sanchez-P.& Nikos Vogiatzis based on the EARNEST/GEANT2 Foresight Study .
Jorge-A. Sanchez-P.& Nikos Vogiatzisbased on the EARNEST/GEANT2 Foresight Study
http://www.terena.org/activities/earnest/geog.html
Presented By:Jorge-A. Sanchez-P.
General Manager and Co-Founder, JNPartners Co.Director, Strategy, Corallia Clusters Initiative
Bruges, 21 May 2008
From Digital Divide to Digital InclusionAre we REDI?
Research and Education Networking Digital Divide and Index (REDI)
A way to quantify and measure “the uneven distribution, difference or gap in regular and effective access to and usage
of digital resources and technologies”
… between scientists, researchers, students, etc* attached to research and education networks
… due to infrastructural, social, economic, educational, regulatory and other causes, including
but not limited to, unavailability of, difficulty in accessing, unawareness of the availability and/or
capabilities of, lack of understanding of how to access and/or use such digital resources and
technologies.* Conclusions should be able to be deducted for organizations, campuses, and geographic areas attached to research and education networks.
The International ExperienceA composite index
8-48 Indicators convoluted
Clustered in 3-6 sub-indexes
Assess progress in creating digital opportunity and bridging the DD
Ability to participate in and benefit from ICT
developments
Digital Opportunity Index (2005)(Source: ITU/UNCTDA/KADO)
A composite index for REN:The REDI Framework
– Covers a large number of countries
– Modular structure
• can be grouped in logical classifications/clusters/categories/areas with special interest (e.g. enabling factors/opportunity, infrastructure, usage, etc)
– Straightforward methodology
• Raw ingredients are separate indicators that can be measured relatively easily.
• Can be convoluted into a single Index (RENDDI)
– Objective criteria and measurable indicators
• Data collected via high-quality sources, e.g. the Compendium or other databases from the ITU, WorldBank, EuroStat, etc, and processed via robust statistical methods.
– Standardized indicators
• Allows for consistent and periodical measurements and assessments
• Permits comparisons of the Digital Divide evolution (whether it is diminishing and at what speed)—both changes in absolute scores, as well as changes in rankings.
– Captures the causes as well as the effects of the Digital Divide
• exposing both the readiness as well as the intensity of use of digital resources and technologies
Studied Regions
GN2
• Austria (ACOnet) • Belgium (BELNET) • Bulgaria (BREN) • Croatia (CARNet) • Cyprus (CYNET) • Czech Republic (CESNET)
• Denmark (UNI-C) • Estonia (EENet) • Finland (FUNET) • France (RENATER) • Germany (DFN) • Greece (GRNET) • Hungary (HUNGARNET) • Iceland (RHnet) • Ireland (HEAnet) • Israel (IUCC) • Italy (GARR)
GN2 Observers
• Serbia (AMRES)• FYR of Macedonia
(MARNet)
SEEREN
• Albania (ANA)• Montenegro (MREN)• Bosnia & Herzegovina
(BIHARNET)
PORTA OPTICA
• Belarus (BASNET) • Moldova (RENAM) • Ukraine (URAN)• Azerbaijan (AzRENA) • Georgia (GRENA) • Armenia (ASNET)
• Latvia (LATNET) • Lithuania (LITNET) • Luxembourg (RESTENA)
• Malta (CSC) • Netherlands (SURFnet) • Norway (UNINETT) • Poland (PIONIER) • Portugal (FCCN) • Romania (RoEduNet) • Russia (RBNET/RUNNET)• Slovakia (SANET) • Slovenia (ARNES) • Spain (RedIRIS) • Sweden (SUNET) • Switzerland (SWITCH) • Turkey (ULAKBIM) • United Kingdom
(UKERNA)
EUMEDCONNECT
• Algeria (ARN) • Egypt (EUN) • Jordan (JUNET)• Lebanon (CNRS) • Libya• Morocco (CNCPSRT) • Palestine (PADI2)• Syria (HIAST) • Tunisia (MRST)
OCASSION• Kazakhstan (KazRENA) • Kyrgyzstan (KRENA-
AKNET) • Tajikistan• Turkmenistan• Uzbekistan (UzSciNet)
REDI Structure
Sub-IndexCluster Answers what?
Infrastructure
Usage
Affordability
Knowledge
Quality
How capable is the network we built?
How much the network is used?
Do we have the means to build a good network?
How robust is the network we built?
Do we have the capacity to use the network?
REDI Structure
Sub-IndexCluster Answers what?
Infrastructure
Usage
Affordability
Knowledge
Quality
Network capacity
Resources utilization
Financial capacity
General infrastructure landscape
Policy environment
Human capacity Human output
Network performance
How capable is the network we built?
How much the network is used?
Do we have the means to build a good network?
How robust is the network we built?
Do we have the capacity to use the network?
How to answer?
REDI StructureInfrastructure Sub-Index
Category Sub-category
Infrastructure
Sub-Index How to construct the Sub-Index?
Access network capacity
External connectivity capacity
Core network capacity
N e
t w
o r
k
c a
p a
c i t
y
REDI InputInfrastructure Sub-index (Source: TERENA compendium)
REDI StructureInfrastructure Sub-index
Category Sub-category
Infrastructure
Core network size per user
Core network capacity per user
Sub-Index Sub-Sub-Index
External connectivity with peerings per user
Core network size per sq km
Access network capacity per user
External connectivity without peerings per user
N e
t w
o r
k c
a p
a c
i t y
REDI StructureSub-Indices
Category
Infrastructure
Usage
Affordability
Knowledge
Quality
External connectivity capacity
Core network capacity Access network capacity
IP outgoing traffic IP incoming traffic
GDP Expenditure on R&D
Literacy School enrolment
Patents Researchers in R&D
NREN budget
Sub-Index Indicators
Internet tariffInternational Internet bandw.
Internet users
Regulatory situation
Unreachability Losses
Jitter Throughput
Network capacity
Resources utilization
Financial capacity
General infrast. landscape
Policy environment
Human capacity
Human output
Network performance
How to answer?
RTT
Findings: NREN International Bandwidth
• The total capacity of external links is indicative of the nominal ability of the NREN to carry traffic to the global Internet.– More than two orders of magnitude disparity between EU Member States
– More than three orders of magnitude between EU and the MED in average
• The average GEANT2 (34), Balkan (6) and MED (7) NRENs international bandwidth is 12Gb/s, 252Mb/s and 70Mb/s respectively
Findings: NREN International Bandwidth per Researcher, Student, etc
• Slovakia and the Netherlands score an average of 40kb/s – More than three orders of magnitude disparity between EU Member States,
Ukraine, Syria, Uzbekistan by four orders (0.004b/s).
– The avg. GEANT2 (34), Balkan (6) and MED (7) NRENs international bandwidth per user is 6kb/s, 0.7kb/s and 0.03kb/s respectively .
– The “NEW-EU-MS-10” outperforms by a factor of 2 any other average.
• The “trailing tail” of NRENs in the plotted figure are expected to encounter significant difficulty to access cutting-edge R&E applications and services over their international connection.
Findings: NREN Infrastructure Index
• By convoluting the set of indicators related to the NREN infrastructure, it is exhibited that there is a significant disparity – two orders of magnitude between Bulgaria (1,02)
and the Netherlands (100)– four orders of magnitude between Syria (0,01) and
the Netherlands (100).– between avg. GEANT2 (12,32), Balkan (5,90) and
MED (0,18).
Research and Education Development Index(2005 data)
Plotting the Digital Divide
REDI vs GDP per capita
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10,00
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40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
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REDI
GD
P p
er c
apit
a
Iceland
Netherlands
Sweden
Norway
Slovakia
Czech Rep.Hungary
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Croatia
Finland
Slovenia
REDI vs GDP per capita
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REDI
GD
P p
er c
apit
a
Iceland
Netherlands
Sweden
Norway
Slovakia
Czech Rep.Hungary
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Croatia
Finland
Slovenia
Commercial vs RENInternational Bandwidth
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5.000,00
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35.000,00
40.000,00
45.000,00
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Commercial
RE
N
Iceland
Netherlands
SwedenNorway
Slovakia
Denmark
Czech Rep.
Hungary
France
Switzerland
Luxembourg
UK
Germany
Ireland
Israel
Finland
AustriaSlovenia
Malta
Outgoing vs. Incoming NREN IP Traffic
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Incoming
Out
goin
g
Poland
Netherlands
Sweden
Norway
Slovakia
Denmark
Czech Rep.
Hungary
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Finland
Austria
Slovenia
Latvia
Belgium
Estonia
Iceland
Croatia
Greece
REDI vs Researchers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
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REDI
Re
sear
cher
s
Recommendations
1. GÉANT extensions in developing regions.
2. NRENs’ institutional role.
3. Predictability, fair competition, and deregulation of (telecom) markets.
4. EC special support action for low REDI performers (e-RED Initiative).
5. Member States’ R&E roadmaps in sync and in tune.
6. Education and training programmes for accessing and utilizing e-Infrastructures.
7. Monitor periodically progress towards sustainability through the REDI.
8. Policy Statement - Declaration of Solidarity for diminishing the digital divide.
Future Work
• Further validate raw input from databases
• Assess and improve convolution methods and weights
• Identify data for the Quality Index and include in measurements
• Run the Index for 2007 and potentially on an annual basis for a 3-5 year period
• Endorsement by Stakeholders:– National Research and Education Networks– Management of research institutes, universities and other research organizations– Governments and research funding bodies– European Commission / DG INFSO and other DGs– European Parliament / STOA
Acknowledgements
• TERENA Compendium team
• EARNEST panel members
• Geographic Issues Study Advisory Board
• Pinger team
• ITU / WorldBank / WEF / OECD - workgroups and studies