Slide 1

Jordan, Lebanon,Syria, and Iraq

If a war were being fought in the United States, what are something's that you think might affect you?GoalsI can describe how political conditions have changed in Syria.

I can explain why there has been a series of conflicts in Iraq.

Fertile CresentA region in the Middle-East where farming & 1st civilizations develop.

Syria

Goals of uprising in SyriaResignation ofrule, Bashar al-AssadDemocratic reformsRegime changeExpanded civil rightsRecognition ofKurdishrightsAbolition of the Supreme State Security CourtLifting of the emergency law

The Topography of Iraq

Ethnic Groups in Iraq

The Rise& Rule ofSaddam HusseinSaddams Early Political CareerSaddam at 17.After 1963 coup, he was put in charge ofthe security service for the Baath party.1979 he became president of Iraq when al-Bakr was persuaded to step down.

A Cult of Personality

A Cult of Personality

1989 Victory ArchSaddams Republican Guard The elite presidential security force.

Oil Fields in Iraq

A Reign of Terror: Mass Graves of Saddams Victims

ThePersian GulfWar(1990-1991)Embargo- a severe restriction on trade with other countries.

Why do you think the U.S. and Britain went to war with Iraq again?Iraq Invades Kuwait

UN Security Council Resolution 678(authorized military force to be used against Iraq.)August 2, 1990Operation Desert Storm

U. S. Military LeadersGeneral Colin Powell

General NormanSchwarzkopfU. S. Female SoldiersEverywhere is a combat zone!

Range of Iraqi Missiles

Saddam Lobs SCUD MissilesIsrael & Saudi Arabia:The fear of bio-chemical attacks.

President George H. W. Bushwith General Schwartzkopf

Kuwait is Liberated

Allies March to BaghdadIraqis cheer Allied forces.

Iraqis soldiers surrender.Highway of Death

400 Iraqi Oilfields on FireAn environmental disaster!

U. N. No-Fly Zones

1990s: Iraqi Targets

TheIraq War(2003-?)Reasons for Going to War Against Saddam(according to the U. S. and Britain)Saddam kicked out U.N. weapons inspectors.WMDs Weapons of Mass Destruction.Saddam did not obey the No-Fly Zone limitations.He was a savage dictator.Stop Saddam before he can launchnuclear missiles against Israel, Europe,or even the United States.Insurgent attacks by different groups from both inside and outside Iraq caused a greater number of casualties.After attacks of September 11, 2001, some U.S. leaders believed Saddam Hussein posed a greater threat to America than beforeHussein might have deadly weapons he could give to terroristsUN weapons inspections did not find stockpiles of chemical, biological, nuclear weaponsIraq again did not fully cooperateSome U.S. officials convinced Hussein hiding weapons Weapons InspectionsThe Iraq War2003, another U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq, forcing Hussein out Efforts to restore peace thwartedGrowing insurgency targeted coalition forces, Iraqi allies, innocent civiliansGrowing Insurgency41Allied Advance on Baghdad

Shock & Awe!

Coalition forces attack Baghdad (again).Anti-War Protestors

The Dictator is Toppled

Mission Accomplished President George W. Bush lands on board the USS Abraham Lincoln (May, 2003)

Mr. SmithOn Weapons clean-upIraq, July 2003

Saddam Is Captured!December, 2003

The American Soldier: 2003

4,287 American Military dead30, 182 wounded

12,000+ Americans Wounded

Capt. Dawn Halfaker

One of many female soldiers killed or wounded in Iraq.20,000+ Iraqis Dead!

? Iraqis Wounded!

A Growing Insurgency

Former Baathists and foreign terrorists (Al-Qaida, etc.)Militia=citizen army

Anarchy = lawlessnessANew Beginning?An Interim Iraqi Governmentis Created (June, 2004)Prime Minister Ayad Allawi

The Scandal at Abu Ghraib Prison

1/30/05 The Vote!

Courage at the Polls!!

On a separate sheet of paper, which you will hand-inIn 1-2 sentences answer the following questions.1. How have political conditions changed in Syria?2. Why has there been a series of conflicts in Iraq?