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Joints

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Types of joints Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial

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Fibrous Immoveable Ex, plates of skull Immoveable Ex, plates of skull

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Cartilageneous Partially moveable Connected by cartilage Ex, joints between vertebrae Partially moveable Connected by cartilage Ex, joints between vertebrae

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Synovial Hinge Joint between 3rd metacarpal and long pastern Ball and Socket Joint between femur and ilium Hinge Joint between 3rd metacarpal and long pastern Ball and Socket Joint between femur and ilium

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Can you name the bones?

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Skull

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Premaxilla (incisive bone) Holds alveoli for upper incisor teeth Maxilla Holds alveoli for molar and premolar teeth Mandible (lower jaw) Holds alveoli for all teeth of lower jaw What we would call the mouth Premaxilla (incisive bone) Holds alveoli for upper incisor teeth Maxilla Holds alveoli for molar and premolar teeth Mandible (lower jaw) Holds alveoli for all teeth of lower jaw What we would call the mouth What we would call the mouth

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And all the rest

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Spine 1.Cervical Vertbrae 2.Thoracic Vertebrae 3.Lumbar Vertebrae 4.Sacrum 5.Caudal/Coccygeal Vertebrae 1.Cervical Vertbrae 2.Thoracic Vertebrae 3.Lumbar Vertebrae 4.Sacrum 5.Caudal/Coccygeal Vertebrae

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Cervical Vertebrae Make up the neck of the horse 1st cervical vertebra = Atlas 2nd cervical vertebra = Axis Make up the neck of the horse 1st cervical vertebra = Atlas 2nd cervical vertebra = Axis

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Thoracic Vertebrae 18 Characteristically have high spines 3rd and 4th form the withers 18 Characteristically have high spines 3rd and 4th form the withers

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Lumbar Vertebrae 6 Characteristically long and flat 6 Characteristically long and flat

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Sacrum Coccyx Made up of 6 sacral vertebrae fused together Made up of 15-21 coccygeal vertebrae Made up of 6 sacral vertebrae fused together Made up of 15-21 coccygeal vertebrae

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Ribs & Sternum 18 pairs of ribs First 8 pairs are connected to the sternum Sternum ~ breast bone Made up of 6-8 sternebrae and cartilage 18 pairs of ribs First 8 pairs are connected to the sternum Sternum ~ breast bone Made up of 6-8 sternebrae and cartilage

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Foreleg

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Shoulder bones connected to the Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna (not a functional bone in a horse) Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna (not a functional bone in a horse)

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From the wrist distally Carpus Forms what is commonly called the knee joint in a horse Metacarpus 3rd metacarpal, or cannon bone is the only functional metacarpal Splint bones- small bones running parallel to the cannon bone on either side ***Splints is a condition when the splint bone sustains a fracture Carpus Forms what is commonly called the knee joint in a horse Metacarpus 3rd metacarpal, or cannon bone is the only functional metacarpal Splint bones- small bones running parallel to the cannon bone on either side ***Splints is a condition when the splint bone sustains a fracture

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Fingers??? Technically - phalanges 1st Phalange - Proximal Phalanx - Long Pastern 2nd Phalange - Middle Phalanx - Short Pastern 3rd Phalange - Distal Phalanx - Coffin Bone Technically - phalanges 1st Phalange - Proximal Phalanx - Long Pastern 2nd Phalange - Middle Phalanx - Short Pastern 3rd Phalange - Distal Phalanx - Coffin Bone

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More Proximal and Distal Sesamoids Navicular Bone Proximal and Distal Sesamoids Navicular Bone

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Can you name them?

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Hind Leg

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Pelvic Girdle Os Coxae ~ half of the pelvic girdle 3 bones fused together Ilium Ischium Pubis Os Coxae ~ half of the pelvic girdle 3 bones fused together Ilium Ischium Pubis

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Hip bones connected to the Femur Patella ~ knee cap Crus = Fibula and Tibia Fibula isnt functional; fuses with length of tibia Femur Patella ~ knee cap Crus = Fibula and Tibia Fibula isnt functional; fuses with length of tibia

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How highs the ankle? Tarsus ~ Hock Joint (corresponds to human ankle) Metatarsus 3rd metatarsal (Cannon Bone) = only functional metatarsal Splint bones Phalanges Long (1) & Short (2) Pasterns Coffin Bone (3) Sesamoids and Navicular Bone Tarsus ~ Hock Joint (corresponds to human ankle) Metatarsus 3rd metatarsal (Cannon Bone) = only functional metatarsal Splint bones Phalanges Long (1) & Short (2) Pasterns Coffin Bone (3) Sesamoids and Navicular Bone

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Now you know the bones Can you name all 205 to 210 of them?

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While you were learning the names of the bones, did you notice any connection between the human skeleton and the equine ?

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Here are just a few.. We have almost the exact number of bones as horses Horses forelegs are almost identical to our arms in position, the only real difference being the elongation of the bones that make up our wrist, hand and fingers in the horses knee, lower leg (cannon), ankle and hoof We have almost the exact number of bones as horses Horses forelegs are almost identical to our arms in position, the only real difference being the elongation of the bones that make up our wrist, hand and fingers in the horses knee, lower leg (cannon), ankle and hoof

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Connections contd The same is true for their hindlegs ad our legs: up to the knee, theyre almost the same, only less mobile around the joints in a horse. Our ankle bones, foot bones and toes are elongated to make the cannon and splints, pastern and hooves of a horse

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Differences The main differences between a horses skeleton and a humans skeleton come from a horse being a quadraped while humans are bipeds This changes the angle of the limbs in relation to the spine, the length of the neck, and the shape of the head Horses being prey animals and humans predators also affects the skull; a horses orbits are laterally positioned because they are monocular, and their jaw is longer to provide for the powerful molars they use to chew their fibrous diet The main differences between a horses skeleton and a humans skeleton come from a horse being a quadraped while humans are bipeds This changes the angle of the limbs in relation to the spine, the length of the neck, and the shape of the head Horses being prey animals and humans predators also affects the skull; a horses orbits are laterally positioned because they are monocular, and their jaw is longer to provide for the powerful molars they use to chew their fibrous diet

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The End