Joints. Types of joints Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial.

JointsJoints

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Types of jointsTypes of joints

Fibrous

Cartilagenous

Synovial

Fibrous

Cartilagenous

Synovial

FibrousFibrousImmoveable

Ex, plates of skull

Immoveable

Ex, plates of skull



CartilageneousCartilageneous

Partially moveableConnected by cartilageEx, joints between vertebrae

Partially moveableConnected by cartilageEx, joints between vertebrae



SynovialSynovial

Hinge Joint between 3rd metacarpal and long pastern

Ball and SocketJoint between femur and ilium

Hinge Joint between 3rd metacarpal and long pastern

Ball and SocketJoint between femur and ilium





Can you name the bones?Can you name the bones?



SkullSkull





Premaxilla (incisive bone)Holds alveoli for upper incisor teeth

MaxillaHolds alveoli for molar and premolar

teethMandible (lower jaw)

Holds alveoli for all teeth of lower jaw What we would call the mouth…

Premaxilla (incisive bone)Holds alveoli for upper incisor teeth

MaxillaHolds alveoli for molar and premolar

teethMandible (lower jaw)

Holds alveoli for all teeth of lower jaw What we would call the mouth…

What we would call the mouth…

And all the rest…And all the rest…



SpineSpine1. Cervical Vertbrae2. Thoracic Vertebrae3. Lumbar Vertebrae4. Sacrum5. Caudal/Coccygeal Vertebrae

1. Cervical Vertbrae2. Thoracic Vertebrae3. Lumbar Vertebrae4. Sacrum5. Caudal/Coccygeal Vertebrae



Cervical VertebraeCervical Vertebrae

Make up the neck of the horse1st cervical vertebra = Atlas2nd cervical vertebra = Axis

Make up the neck of the horse1st cervical vertebra = Atlas2nd cervical vertebra = Axis

Thoracic VertebraeThoracic Vertebrae

18 Characteristically have high spines3rd and 4th form the withers

18 Characteristically have high spines3rd and 4th form the withers

Lumbar VertebraeLumbar Vertebrae

6Characteristically long and flat

6Characteristically long and flat

Sacrum

Coccyx

Sacrum

Coccyx

Made up of 6 sacral vertebrae fused together

Made up of 15-21 coccygeal vertebrae

Made up of 6 sacral vertebrae fused together

Made up of 15-21 coccygeal vertebrae


are needed to see this picture.Ribs & SternumRibs & Sternum

18 pairs of ribsFirst 8 pairs are connected to the

sternumSternum ~ breast bone

Made up of 6-8 sternebrae and cartilage

18 pairs of ribsFirst 8 pairs are connected to the

sternumSternum ~ breast bone

Made up of 6-8 sternebrae and cartilage

ForelegForeleg

Shoulder bone’s connected to the…

Shoulder bone’s connected to the…

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna (not a functional bone in a horse)

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna (not a functional bone in a horse)

From the wrist distally…From the wrist distally…Carpus

Forms what is commonly called the knee joint in a horse

Metacarpus3rd metacarpal, or cannon bone is the

only functional metacarpalSplint bones- small bones running

parallel to the cannon bone on either side***Splints is a condition when the splint bone

sustains a fracture

Carpus Forms what is commonly called the knee

joint in a horseMetacarpus

3rd metacarpal, or cannon bone is the only functional metacarpal

Splint bones- small bones running parallel to the cannon bone on either side***Splints is a condition when the splint bone

sustains a fracture

Fingers???Fingers???

Technically - phalanges1st Phalange - Proximal Phalanx - Long

Pastern2nd Phalange - Middle Phalanx - Short

Pastern3rd Phalange - Distal Phalanx - Coffin

Bone

Technically - phalanges1st Phalange - Proximal Phalanx - Long

Pastern2nd Phalange - Middle Phalanx - Short

Pastern3rd Phalange - Distal Phalanx - Coffin

Bone

More…More…

Proximal and Distal SesamoidsNavicular Bone

Proximal and Distal SesamoidsNavicular Bone QuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.



Can you name them?

Hind LegHind Leg

Pelvic GirdlePelvic Girdle

Os Coxae ~ half of the pelvic girdle3 bones fused together

IliumIschiumPubis

Os Coxae ~ half of the pelvic girdle3 bones fused together

IliumIschiumPubis QuickTime™ and a


Hip bone’s connected to the…

Hip bone’s connected to the…

FemurPatella ~ knee capCrus = Fibula and Tibia

Fibula isn’t functional; fuses with length of tibia

FemurPatella ~ knee capCrus = Fibula and Tibia

Fibula isn’t functional; fuses with length of tibia

How high’s the ankle?How high’s the ankle?

Tarsus ~ Hock Joint (corresponds to human ankle)

Metatarsus3rd metatarsal (Cannon Bone) = only

functional metatarsalSplint bonesPhalanges

Long (1) & Short (2) PasternsCoffin Bone (3)

Sesamoids and Navicular Bone

Tarsus ~ Hock Joint (corresponds to human ankle)

Metatarsus3rd metatarsal (Cannon Bone) = only

functional metatarsalSplint bonesPhalanges

Long (1) & Short (2) PasternsCoffin Bone (3)

Sesamoids and Navicular Bone



Now you know the bones…

Now you know the bones…

…Can you name all 205 to 210 of them?…Can you name all 205 to 210 of them?

While you were learning the names of the bones,

did you notice any connection between the human skeleton and the

equine

?

While you were learning the names of the bones,

did you notice any connection between the human skeleton and the

equine

?QuickTime™ and a




Here are just a few..Here are just a few..

We have almost the exact number of bones as horses

Horses’ forelegs are almost identical to our arms in position, the only real difference being the elongation of the bones that make up our wrist, hand and fingers in the horses’ knee, lower leg (cannon), ankle and hoof

We have almost the exact number of bones as horses

Horses’ forelegs are almost identical to our arms in position, the only real difference being the elongation of the bones that make up our wrist, hand and fingers in the horses’ knee, lower leg (cannon), ankle and hoof

Connections cont’d…Connections cont’d…

The same is true for their hindlegs ad our legs: up to the knee, they’re almost the same, only less mobile around the joints in a horse. Our ankle bones, foot bones and toes are elongated to make the cannon and splints, pastern and hooves of a horse

The same is true for their hindlegs ad our legs: up to the knee, they’re almost the same, only less mobile around the joints in a horse. Our ankle bones, foot bones and toes are elongated to make the cannon and splints, pastern and hooves of a horse

DifferencesDifferencesThe main differences between a horse’s skeleton

and a human’s skeleton come from a horse being a quadraped while humans are bipeds

This changes the angle of the limbs in relation to the spine, the length of the neck, and the shape of the head

Horses’ being prey animals and humans predators also affects the skull; a horse’s orbits are laterally positioned because they are monocular, and their jaw is longer to provide for the powerful molars they use to chew their fibrous diet

The main differences between a horse’s skeleton and a human’s skeleton come from a horse being a quadraped while humans are bipeds

This changes the angle of the limbs in relation to the spine, the length of the neck, and the shape of the head

Horses’ being prey animals and humans predators also affects the skull; a horse’s orbits are laterally positioned because they are monocular, and their jaw is longer to provide for the powerful molars they use to chew their fibrous diet



The End

The End

Joints. Types of joints Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial.

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Transcript of Joints. Types of joints Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial.