Joints of Lower Limb
description
Transcript of Joints of Lower Limb
JOINTS OF LOWER LIMB
By
Dr.Pardeep Kumar
JOINTS OF LOWER LIMBJoints of pelvic girdle Sacroiliac joint Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments
Vertebropelvic ligaments Iliolumbal ligament: runs
from transverse process of L5 to the posterosuperior part of iliac crest
★ Sacrotuberous ligament: runs from lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the inner margin of ischial tuberosity
★ Sacrospinous ligament: runs from ischial spine to lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx
These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramina
Pubic symphysis
Articulation: symphysial surface and interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)
Ligaments: superior pubic ligament and arcuate pubic ligament
Obturator membrane obturator canal
BONY PELVISComposition: formed by paired hip
bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulations
In anatomical position, anterior superior iliac spines and pubic tubercles on same vertical plane, while the tip of coccyx and superior border of pubic symphysis on same horizontal plane
Terminal line: formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis
Lesser pelvis pelvic inlet
(terminal line): Pelvic outlet :
formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysis
Pelvic cavity Pubic arch, subpubic
angle
MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMAL PELVIS
MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE PELVISFemale Male
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outet
Pelvic cavity
Pubic arch90~1000
70~750
MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE PELVIS
Male Female
Overall Narrow and long Wide and short
Iliac ala More vertical More horizontal
Inlet Oval or heart shaped Round
Subpubic angle
Acute angle (about 70~750)
Right angle (about 90~1000)
Pelvic cavity Deep narrow Shallower, wide
Outlet Small Larger
JOINTS OF FREE LOWER LIMB★ Hip joint Bones: acetabulum and
femoral head Articular capsule
attachments Above: margins of
acetabulum and transverse acetebular ligament
Below: in front to intertrochanteric line; behind, to the neck of femur above 1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest
Accessory structures Acetabulum labrum;
transverse acetebular ligament
Ligaments Iliofemoral lig. Ligament of head of
femur Pubofemoral lig. Ischiofemoral ligament Zona orbicularis:annular
ligament is a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip join
Movement: flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction
Transverse acetebular lig.
Ligament of head of femur
Acetabulum labrum
Iliofemoral lig.
Ischiofemoral lig.
Pubofemoral lig.
Zona orbicularis
★Knee joint Bones: lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella Articular capsule: superapatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar
bursa, ala folds
Accessory structures ligaments
Patellar lig. Fibular collateral lig. Tibial collateral lig.
Patellar lig.
Fibular collateral lig. Tibial
collaterallig.
Oblique popliteal ligament Anterior cruciate ligment Posterior cruciateligament
Medial meniscus (C-shaped) lateral meniscus (O-shaped)
Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated through 700
lateralMedial
Tibiofibular syndesmosis
Tibiofibular joint interosseous
membrane Anterior and posterior
tibiofibular ligaments
JOINT OF FOOTTalocrural joint (ankle
joint) Bones: lower ends of
tibia and fibula, trochlea of talus
Articular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind, and supported on each side by strong collateral ligaments
Ligments Medial lig. Lateral lig.
Anterior talofibular lig. Calcaneofibular lig. Posterior talofibular lig.
Movements: dosiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion (flexion); when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed, small amounts of abduction, and adduction
are possible
Intertarsal joints Talocalcaneal joint Talocalcaneonavicular
joint Calcaneocuboid joint
Tarsometatarsal joints Intermetatarsal joints Metatarsophalangeal
joints Interphalangeal joints
transverse tarsal joint
Arches of foot Medial longitudinal arch: formed by
calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiforms and first to third metatarsal bones, head of talus is the keystone of this arch
Lateral longitudinal arch: formed by calcaneus, cuboid, fourth and fifth
metatarsals; cuboid is is the keystone of this arch
Tranverse arch: formed by cuboid, three cuniforms and all
metatarsals; the intermediate cuneiform is the keystone of this arch
Function: give foot strength stability and resilience; protect plantar vessels and nerves
Normal arch Flatfoot
THANK YOU VERY MUCH