Joints Hip region Knee region Ankle region. sacroiliac joints hip joint pubic symphysis Hip region.

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Page 1: Joints Hip region Knee region Ankle region. sacroiliac joints hip joint pubic symphysis Hip region.

Joints

• Hip region• Knee region• Ankle region

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sacroiliac joints

hip joint

pubic symphysis

Hip region

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Hip region

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hip jointHip region

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Knee joint

• MenisciMedial meniscuslateral meniscus

• Ligaments Cruciate ligamentsCollateral ligaments Patellar ligamentoblique popliteal ligament

• Joint capsuleSynovial membraneFibrous membrane

Knee region

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Minisci : fibrocartilaginous ‘shock absorbers’Knee region

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semilunar cartilages

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AttachmentsKnee region

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1. The medial meniscus is more injured than the lateral meniscus, why?Knee region

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Ligaments1. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)2. posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)3. medial collateral ligament (MCL, tibial collateral

ligament)4. lateral collateral ligament (LCL , fibular collateral

ligament) 5. oblique popliteal ligament6. ligamentum patellae

Knee region

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ACL: Anteromedial part of the intercondylar area of tibia to inner aspect of lateral condyle of femur.

PCL: Posterolateral part of the intercondylar area of the tibia to inner aspect of medial condyle of femur.

Cruciate ligamentsKnee region

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Anterior Cruciate ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to femur in flexion.

Knee region

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Posterior Cruciate ligament prevents posterior displacement of the tibia in relation to femur in extension.

Knee region

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How to test ACL and PCL? Drawer sign testKnee region

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Anterior Drawer Test for ACL

• Physician Position & Movements• Patient Position

Note direction of forces

Knee region

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Posterior Drawer Testing- PCL

Note direction of forces

Knee region

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Collateral ligaments Knee region

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MCL attaches to the medial meniscus

2. The medial meniscus is more injured than the lateral meniscus, why?

Knee region

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Collateral ligaments action

1. Protect the knee joint from bending side to side. 2. Helps the locking mechanism

Knee region

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3. The medial meniscus is more injured than the lateral meniscus, why?

Knee region

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Locking mechanism:less energy to maintain the standing

position

1. Medial rotation of femur on the tibia during full extension tighten colateral ligaments.

Knee region

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Locking mechanism (2)

• Joint surfaces become larger and more stable in extension.

Knee region

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Locking mechanism (3)

• body's center of gravity is positioned along a vertical line that passes anterior to the knee joint.

Knee region

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Collateral ligaments testKnee region

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Test for MCL

Note Direction Of Forces

Knee region

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Test for LCL

Note direction of forces

Knee region

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Patellar ligament

Strengthening Anterior Aspect of Knee Joint

Knee region

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oblique popliteal ligamentKnee region

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Review

• (1) patellar ligament • (2) tibial (medial)

collateral ligament• (3) fibular (lateral )

collateral ligament• (4) medial meniscus • (5) lateral meniscus• (6) anterior cruciate

ligament • (7) posterior cruciate

ligament

Knee region

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Joint fibrous capsuleKnee region

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Joint synovial membraneKnee region

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Knee region

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Bursa

• little fluid sacs that helps the muscles and tendons slide freely:

PrepatellarInfrapatellarSuprapatellar

Knee region

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BursaKnee region

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Prepatellar BursitisKnee region

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Ankle region

• Ankle joint (talocrural joint)• Subtalar joint (ST J.)• Talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN J.)

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The ankle, or talocrural joint

• Needs ligaments!

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Lateral ligament s of talocrural joint

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Medial ligament s of talocrural joint

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The ankle, or talocrural joint, is a hinge joint

• Plantar Flexion• Dorsi Flexion

Inversion/Eversion?

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Intertarsal joint:

• Subtalar joint (ST J.)• Talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN J.)• Calcaneocuboid (small rotation)• Naviculoconeiforms (almost no movement)

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Calcaneous bone

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Calcaneous bone

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Subtalar joint

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Lateral

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Medial

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sustentaculum tali (talar shelf) fracture

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Subtalar joint

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TCN joint

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Talocalcaneonavicular joint

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Calcaneonavicular L.

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Other ligaments

• Calcaneofibular• Deltoid• Talocalcaneal

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Calcaneofibular

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Talar tilt test to evaluate the calcaneofibular ligament.

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Deltoid

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Deltoid

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eversion injuries :Pott's fracture

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inversion injuries: ankle sprain

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Inteosseeous talocalcaneal ligament separates the ST J. from TCN J.


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