Joints are classified functionally as _____, based upon _____?

1. Sutures, gomphoses, or synchondroses/location

2. Cartilaginous, fibrous or synovial/material binding the joint

3. Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses/amount of movement

4. Monaxial, biaxial, or triaxial/number of planes of movement

Joints are classified structurally as _____, based upon _____?

1. Sutures, gomphoses, or synchondroses/location

2. Cartilaginous, fibrous or synovial/material binding the joint

3. Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses/amount of movement

4. Monaxial, biaxial, or triaxial/number of planes of movement

What characteristics do typical synarthrotic and amphiarthrotic joints share?

1. Joint capsules filled with fluids

2. Non-restricted movement of bony regions

3. Bony regions separated by fibrous connective tissue

4. Articular cartilages and bursae

In a newborn infant, the large bones of the skull are joined by fibrous connective tissue.

Which type of joints are these?

The bones later grow, interlock, and form immovable joints. Which type of joints are

these?

1. Synarthrosis; gomphosis

2. Symphysis; sutural

3. Synchondrosis; synostosis

4. Syndesmosis; sutural

You are studying the sagittal and lambdoid sutures of the skull. These are considered

what classification of joint?

1. Fibrous synarthroses

2. Cartilaginous synchondroses

3. Fibrous synostoses

4. Cartilaginous syndesmoses

If you were looking at a synchondrosis in an adult skeleton, you’d be looking at the ___?

1. Joint between the first rib and manubrium

2. Epiphyseal cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone

3. Pubic symphysis

4. 1 and 2

Which of these characteristics is NOT a component of synovial joints ___?

1. Ends of opposing bones covered by articular cartilage

2. Joint cavity enclosed by an articular capsule

3. Synovial membrane made of dense regular connective tissue

4. Synovial fluid

Why would improper circulation of synovial fluid lead to the degeneration of articular cartilages in the affected joint?

1. Synovial fluid nourishes articular cartilage.

2. Blood flow follows synovial fluid circulation.

3. Articular cartilage is composed of synovial fluid.

4. Both 1 and 2.

Menisci are not found in every synovial joint. What are menisci and what is their function?

1. Another name for bursae/reducing friction

2. Pads of fibrocartilage/subdivides a synovial cavity and allow for variations in shape of articular surfaces.

3. Fat pads/protect articular cartilage

4. Specialized intracapsular ligaments/reducing undesirable movements

When you do jumping jacks, which lower limb movements are necessary?

1. Flexion and extension

2. Abduction and adduction

3. Flexion and abduction

4. Plantar flexion and eversion

Which movements are associated with hinge joints?

1. Flexion and extension

2. Abduction and adduction

3. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

4. Circumduction

Types of angular motion include which of these movements?

1. Pronation and supination

2. Circumduction

3. Adduction and abduction

4. 2 and 3

A person standing on her toes is ____, while a person trying to kick his own gluteal region

is _____?

1. Plantar flexing/flexing his leg

2. Dorsiflexing/extending his leg

3. Everting her feet/flexing his thigh

4. Inverting her feet/pronating his leg

The proximal radioulnar joint and the atlas/axis joint are similar in that they are

both ______?

1. Biaxial saddle joints

2. Biaxial ellipsoidal joints

3. Monaxial pivot joints

4. Non-axial gliding joints

Which regions of the vertebral column do not contain intervertebral discs? Why is the absence of

discs significant?

1. Between sacral vertebrae; these vertebrae are fused.

2. Between coccygeal vertebrae; these vertebrae are fused.

3. Between the atlas and the axis; a disc would prevent rotation.

4. All of the above are correct.

Which vertebral movements are involved in (a) bending forward, (b) bending to the side, and (c)

moving the head to signify “no”?

1. (a) flexion; (b) rotation; (c) lateral flexion

2. (a) lateral flexion; (b) flexion; (c) rotation

3. (a) rotation; (b) lateral flexion; (c) flexion

4. (a) flexion; (b) lateral flexion; (c) rotation

Which tissues or structures provide most of the stability for the shoulder joint?

1. Bone and adipose

2. Tendons and bones

3. Joint capsules and muscles

4. Ligaments and muscles

Would a tennis player or a jogger be more likely to develop inflammation of the subscapular bursa?

Why?

1. tennis player; stronger muscles in the back

2. tennis player; repetitive shoulder motion

3. jogger; excessive pectoral swinging motion

4. jogger; bursitis develops from running

A football player received a blow to the upper surface of his shoulder, causing a shoulder

separation. What does this mean?

1. breaking of the clavicle and scapula

2. partial dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

3. complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

4. 2 and 3

After Terry injured his elbow, he noticed a large degree of motion between the radius and the ulna at the elbow. Which ligament did Terry

damage?

1. Radial collateral ligaments

2. Ulnar collateral ligaments

3. Annular ligament

4. Interosseus membrane

Where would you find the following ligaments: iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament,

and ischiofemoral ligament?

1. Hip joint

2. Knee joint

3. Shoulder joint

4. Ankle joint

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee are distinctive in what way?

1. They tighten only when the knee is fully extended

2. They are inside the joint capsule and prevent anterior and posterior movement of the femur

3. They reinforce the joint’s posterior surface

4. They work with the patellar ligament to support the anterior surface of the joint

What symptoms would you expect to see in an individual who has damaged the menisci of the

knee joint?

1. Difficulty in locking the knee

2. Inability to stabilize the joint

3. Pain in the knee area

4. All of the above

Why is “clergyman’s knee” (a type of bursitis) common among carpet layers and roofers?

1. Their jobs demand locked knees for long periods of time.

2. They kneel often.

3. Bursitis is caused by skin abrasion as happens in their jobs.

4. There is lateral stress on the knee in these occupations.

You have a young adult patient complaining of joint pain and inflammation. Her uric acid levels

are normal. Your diagnosis is ___ and the cause is ____?

1. Gouty arthritis/uric acid crystals in synovial fluid

2. Rheumatoid arthritis/autoimmune

3. Osteoarthritis/wear and tear on joints

4. Herniated disc/rupture of the anulus fibrosus

The relationships of the skeletal system to which other systems is critical for regulating calcium

and phosphate levels?

1. Respiratory and lymphatic systems

2. Integumentary and reproductive systems

3. Endocrine and cardiovascular systems

4. Digestive and urinary systems