Dr. S. C. DubeyDr. S. C. DubeyJoint DirectorJoint Director

High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bhopal, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bhopal,

IndiaIndia

Avian influenza activities in India

AIV diagnosis resources AIV diagnosis resources available in Indiaavailable in India

•• Two National Reference Laboratories Two National Reference Laboratories --for animals for animals -- HSADL, BhopalHSADL, Bhopal--for humansfor humans-- NIV, Pune. NIV, Pune.

•• Five regional diagnostic labs (RDDLs).Five regional diagnostic labs (RDDLs).•• Action plan for avian influenza formulatedAction plan for avian influenza formulated•• Veterinary workforce trained in handling bird flu related Veterinary workforce trained in handling bird flu related

emergencies.emergencies.•• Reporting SystemReporting System : : Weekly Report, PressWeekly Report, Press BriefingBriefing

Website of Animal Husbandry Dept. Website of Animal Husbandry Dept. -- www.dahd.nic.in www.dahd.nic.in Ministry of Health & FWMinistry of Health & FW-- wwww.mohfw.nic.in/avian.htmlww.mohfw.nic.in/avian.html

Research Projects on AI

• Surveillance of Avian influenza (funded by DADF, MoA, GOI) – Avian influenza diagnosis and surveillance work– molecular epidemiology– characterization of AI virus isolates– pathogenicity in different host systems – effect of environmental factors, – growth behavior in embryonated eggs and in cell

culture etc.

LABORATORY FINDINGS

• Isolations confirmed–H5N1: 52 (Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, 2006)–H5N1: 08 (Manipur, 2007) –H5N1:103 – Rapid test positive

89 – Isolations (West Bengal, 2008)–H5N1: 24 – Rapid test positive

25 – Isolations (Assam, 2008)–H5N1: 9 – Rapid test positive

9 – Isolations (West Bengal, 2008-09)–H5N1: 4 – Rapid test positive

3 – Isolations (Sikkim, 2009)

–H9N2: 36 (Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Orissa, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan)

Molecular Phylogeny• Since 2006, India has experienced 4 H5N1 outbreaks in

chickens.• All the Indian isolates belonged to clade 2.2 or Qinghai-

like sublineage (as per WHO/OIE/FAO classification).• The 2006, 2007 and 2008 (phase 1 & 2) viruses grouped

into three distinct sub-lineages.• The strains isolated in 2006 are genetically related to

that from Russia, Iran, Italy, Afghanistan & Pakistan. • The 2007 outbreak strains grouped with the guinea fowl

isolate from China (Guinea fowl /Shantou/1342/06). • The strains isolated in 2008 & 2009 grouped with the

isolates from Bangladesh and Kuwait indicating epidemiological link between the viruses.

• The strains isolated from 2nd phase outbreak clustered together with 1st phase of 2008 suggesting spill-over from the 1st phase outbreak.

Phylogeny of Indian H5N1 isolatesHatay/04

VNM/1194/04Ck/Hmawbi517/07

Qa/Mingalardone/866/07gf/NorthOkkalarpa/834/07

Dk/La3295/06Dk/FJ/1734/05

Ck/Gy/3055/05Dk/YN/6445/03

Ck/YN/115/04Ck/IDN/PA/03

IDN/5/0Ck/Yamaguchi/7/04

Ck/Korea/ES/03MDk/JX/2295/05

mlI/Italy/835/06Swan/Slovenia/760/06

Ck/Nigeria/641/06cygnus olor/Croatia/1/05Dk/Niger/914/06Ck/Nigeria/1047-8/06

Ck/Manipur/NIV9743/07Gf/ST/1341/06grebe/Novosibirsk/29/05

BHGs/QH/5/05cygnus olor/Italy/742/06

cygnus cygnus/Iran/754/06Ck/India/NIV33487/06Ck/Manshera/NARC10337/07

Ck/Afghanistan/1207/06Ck/Korea/CA7/06common gull/Chany/P/06

Ck/Malda/81760/08houbara bustard/SaudiArabia/6732-1/07

mute swan/Germany/R1349/07saker falcon/Kuwait/0286/07domestic Dk/Germany/R2048/07

Crow/Assam/142119/08Ck/Jalpaigudi/100879/08

Bangladesh/207095/08Ck/Bangladesh/364/07

Ck/Coochbehar/82613/08Ck/Birbhum/80995/08

Ck/Darjeeling/106181/08Ck/Malda/142121/08

Ck/South Dinajpur/81010/08

100

99

64

99

99

89

8310086

57

72

87

94

100

96

96

95

87

5398

96

6270

76

76

91

69

56

57

67

84

61

62

59100

59

60

0.01

Hemagglutinin gene

VNM/1194/04Hatay/04

Dk/YN/6445/03Ck/YN/115/04

Dk/FJ/1734/05Dk/Laos/3295/06

Ck/Gy/3055/05Ck/IDN/PA/03

IDN/5/05 Ck/Yamaguchi/7/04

Ck/Korea/Es/03Ck/Nigeria/1047-8/06

Dk/Niger/914/06cygnus olor/Croatia/1/05

BHGs/QH/5/05grebe/Novosibirsk/29/05Gf/ST/1341/06

Ck/Crimea/08/05Ck/Nigeria/641/06

Ck/Manipur/NIV9743/07mall/Italy/835/06

swan/Slovenia/760/06Ck/India/NIV33487/06

cygnus olor/Italy/742/06cygnus cygnus/Iran/754/06

Ck/Sihala/NARC3303.4/06Ck/Afghanistan/1207/06

Ck/Korea/CA7/06commongull/Chany/P/06

Ck/Malda/81760/08commongoldeneye/Mongolia/12/06

domesticDk/Germany/R2048/07mute swan/Germany/R1349/07

houbarabustard/SaudiArabia/6732-1/07sakerfalcon/Kuwait/0286/07

Bangladesh/207095/08Crow/Assam/142119/08

Ck/Jalpaigudi/100879/08Ck/Darjeeling/106181/08

Ck/Coochbehar/82613/08Ck/SouthDinajpur/81010/08Ck/Birbhum/80995/08

100

100

100

98

95

99

82

100

100

82

67

58

6798

77

7066

84

64

91

62

55

57

70

68

71

52

68

53

99

63

0.01

Neuramindase geneClade 1

Clade 1Clade 2.3

Clade 2.3Clade 2.4

Clade 2.4

Clade 2.1 Clade 2.1

Clade 2.5 Clade 2.5

Cla

de 2

.2 (Q

ingh

ai-li

ke)

Cla

de 2

.2 (Q

ingh

ai-li

ke)

Phylogeny of Indian H9N2 viruses(a) HA

Ty/Wis/1/66Ty/Cal/189/66

Ck/Kor/99029/99Ck/Kor/38349-p96323/96Dk/HK/Y439/97

Dk/ST/2143/00Dk/HK/Y280/97

Ck/HK/G9/97Ck/BJ/1/94

Ck/SH/F/98HK/2108/03

GZ/333/99Ck/UP/Ind/2544/04Ck/Delhi/Ind/2424/04

Ck/Orissa/Ind/2317/04Ck/Punjab/Ind/2048/03Ck/Gujarat/Ind/3697/04Ck/Iran/B76/04

Qa/Dubai/303/00Ck/Pak/2/99

HK/1073/99Qa/HK/G1/97

Ck/Iran/11T/99Pa/Narita/92A/98

100

10098

80

100

100

100

100100

100

99

89

0.1

Ck/Kor/99029/99

Ck/Kor/38349-96323/96

Ty/Wis/1/66

Dk/HK/Y439/97

HK/2108/2003

GZ/333/99

Dk/ST/2143/00

Ck/HK/G9/97

Ck/BJ/1/94

Dk/HK/Y280/97

Ck/SH/F/98

Pa/Narita/92A/98

Ck/Iran/11T/99

HK/1073/99

Qa/HK/G1/97

Qa/Dubai/303/00

Ck/Pak/2/99

Ck/Gujarat/Ind/3697/04

Ck/Orissa/Ind/2317/04

Ck/Punjab/Ind/2048/03

Ck/UP/Ind/2544/04

Ck/Delhi/Ind/2424/04

99

84

96

100

76

100

10083

90

9186

70

96

93

100

0.05

(b) NA

Kore

an-lik

e

Kore

an-lik

e

Y280

-like

Y280

-like

G1-lik

e

G1-lik

e

97

99

74

100

84

83

84

100

Tosh et al., 2008. Archieves of Virology 153: 1433

Research Projects on AI• Development of vaccines for control of avian

influenza in poultry • Under ICAR sponsored program on Indo-US Agricultural

Knowledge Initiative in collaboration with SEPRL, USA.• Surveillance of migratory birds for endemic and

exotic diseases of animals– In collaboration with FAO, India– Samples from migratory birds tracked by GPS system from

various places of India• Pathogenicity:– Some difference in mice pathogenicity observed.

Research Projects on AI• in-vivo efficacy of a panel of homeopathic

drugs against HPAI (H5N1) in chickens– sponsored by Central Council of Research on

Homeopathy, New Delhi.• Expression of HA gene in yeast system

– Under development.• Genetic resistance of chickens for avian

influenza – Various indigenous breeds/synthetic strains - ICAR

supported project.

• Information sharing:– Bilateral agreement – with Bangladesh

• Twinning:– With SAARC countries planned.

• Training programs – Avian influenza and Bio-safety.– Trainer's training sponsored by Veterinary Council of India. – International training on laboratory diagnosis of Avian

influenza under cross border project of FAO.– Training on Sequencing and analysis of avian influenza virus

under cross border project of FAO.– International Workshop on Biosafety - WHO sponsored.– Training program for SAARC countries on diagnosis of avian

influenza.

Inter-Linkages

International training on laboratory diagnosis of AI under cross border project of FAO – from Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and India

Training on Nucleotide sequencing and analysis of avian influenza virus to a Bangladesh Scientist under cross border project of FAO (November 25 – December 4, 2008)

Avian influenza workgroup

Faculty: •Dr. C. Tosh• Dr. S. Nagarajan• Dr. H. V. Murugkar• Dr. D. D. Kulkarni

• Dr. Sandeep Bhatia• Dr. Atul Pateria

• Dr. G. Venkatesh

• Dr. K. Rajukumar

Research Associates:• Ms. Rajlaxmi Jain• Dr. Rekha Khandia• Mr. Padmanava Behera• Mr. Sushil Tripathi• Dr. Megha Pandey• Dr. Zohra Sayeed

• Dr. Avdesh Kumar

• Dr. Vandana Gupta

High Security Anima Disease Laboratory,IVRI, Anand Nagar, Bhopal

Thanks for your attention!