Joint and Open REsearch Programs - European...

JOREP

Joint and Open REsearch Programs

[Contract No. RTD/DirC/C3/2010/SI2.561034]

National report on joint and open programmes

SPAIN

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of

the European Commission.

Document Information Sheet

Deliverable Title National Report On Joint and Open Programmes:Spain

Abstract

This report provides for the analysis of the Spanish policy concerning participation to joint and open research funding programs; it thus represents a first step in the tender on Investments on joint and open R&D programs and analysis of their economic impact funded by the Directorate General Research of the European Commission (JOREP; contract RTD/DirC/C3/2010/SI2.561034).

Authors Isabel Gómez (Spanish Research Council); Elías Sanz Casado (Carlos III University of Madrid); Daniela De Filippo (Università della Svizzera Italiana)

Copyright

© 2010 The European Communities, all rights reserved.

This document may not be copied, reproduced, or modified in whole or in part for any purpose without

written permission. It may also change without prior advice.

Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain

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Contents

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Overview of public research funding in Spain ........................................................................... 7 2.1 R&D funding and execution ......................................................................................... 10

2.2 Public research funding: overview ................................................................................ 11

2.3 Project funding overview ............................................................................................. 12

2.4 Public research funding: some quantitative data ............................................................. 17

2.4.1 Project funding at the national level ............................................................................. 18

2.4.2 Project funding at the regional level ............................................................................. 18

3 Mapping joint and open programs ............................................................................................ 20 3.1 An introductory overview ............................................................................................ 21

3.1.1 Joint programming ....................................................................................................... 21

3.1.2 Opening of national programs ...................................................................................... 23

3.1.3 Mapping of the programs ............................................................................................. 24

3.2 Participation to European and international programs ..................................................... 24

3.3 Joint programs at the European level (with national co-funding) ...................................... 25

3.4 Bilateral programs between Spain and other countries .................................................... 28

3.4.1 Multilateral programs: Plant KBBE; Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Genome; Pure

and Applied Chemistry; CYTED .................................................................................................. 28

3.4.2 Bilateral programs: with USA, Japan, India, Canada, Argentina, Brazil ..................... 30

3.4.3 Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers ........................................................ 32

3.4.4 Bilateral programs for technological cooperation: with Canada, China, India, Korea,

Japan, South Africa ....................................................................................................................... 33

3.5. National programs funding performers abroad ............................................................... 35

3.6. Cases of exclusion: revision of the national perimeter after the data collection .................. 36

4 Overall assessment and discussion ............................................................................................ 38 4.1 Availability of data and methodological issues ............................................................... 38

4.2 Problems encountered with data availability and measures taken to overcome problems .... 39

5 Discussion on national participation to joint and open R&D programmes ........................... 41

5.1. Participation to joint initiatives (EU and national) ............................................................... 41

5.2. Level of funding: general observations on national financial commitment on joint R&D

activities................................................................................................................................. 41

5.3. Relation with other EU initiatives ................................................................................. 42

5.4. Relationships with national R&D programmes ............................................................... 42

6 References .................................................................................................................................... 44

7 Index of tables ............................................................................................................................. 45


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List of acronyms Acronym Description AECID Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo/ Spanish

Agency for International Cooperation to Development AGE Administración General del Estado/General Administration of the State ANECA Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación/ National Agency

for Quality Evaluation and Accreditation ANEP Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y Prospectiva/National Agency for Evaluation

and Prospective ANPCYT Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica de Argentina/National

Agency for S&T Promotion, Argentina ANR Agence Nationale de la Recherche BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung CCAA Comunidades Autónomas/ Autonomous Regions CDTI Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial/ Centre for the Development of

Industrial Technology CICYT Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología/ Interministerial Commission

for Science and Technology CNEAI Comisión Nacional Evaluadora de la Actividad Investigadora/ National

Commission for Evaluation of Research Activity CNPq National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Brazil COST European Cooperation in Science and Technology CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ Spanish Scientific Research

Council CYTED Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo/ Ibero-

American Programme on Science and Technology for Development DFO Fish and Ocean Department DGAM Dirección General de Armamento y Material (Ministerio de Defensa)/Ministry of

Defense DST Science and Technology Department ENCYT Estrategia Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/National Strategy for Science and

Technology ESA European Space Agency ESF European Science Foundation EURATOM European Atomic Energy Commission FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FECYT Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología/Spanish Foundation for

Science and Technology GDP Gross Domestic Product IAC Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium IGME Instituto Geológico Minero de España/Spanish Geology Mining Institute IGN Instituto Geográfico Nacional/Spanish Geographical Institute INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística/Spanish Statistical Institute INTA Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial/ National Institute for Aerospace

Technology JST Japan Science and Technology Agency MAEC Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and

Cooperation MICINN Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ Ministry for Science and Innovation MITYC Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio/ Ministry of Industry, Tourism and

Trade NP National Plan NSF National Science Foundation


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Acronym Description OPI Organismo Público de Investigación/Public Research Organisation PLANT-KBBE Transnational Plant Alliance for Novel Technologies SME Small and Medium-size Enterprise STI system Sistema Español de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion/Spanish System for

Science, Technology and Innovation


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1 Introduction

This report provides for the analysis of the Spanish policy concerning participation to joint

and open research funding programs; it thus represents a first step in the tender on

Investments on joint and open R&D programs and analysis of their economic impact funded

by the Directorate General Research of the European Commission (JOREP; contract

RTD/DirC/C3/2010/SI2.561034).

The focus of the report is in providing a descriptive overview of joint and open programs in

Spain, in order to prepare for data collection and for the analysis of motivations and impacts

of these programs. Accordingly, it is organized in the following sections:

• First, a general overview of the national research funding system with a focus on the

organisation of project funding. This information shall provide the required background

to understand the policy towards open and joint programs.

• Second, an overall mapping of these programs highlighting the main patterns and

providing a definition of the perimeter for the JOREP analysis, including a detailed

description of each program by adopting the descriptors defined in the JOREP project.

• Third, an overall assessment of the national situation and a discussion of availability of

data, as well as of methodological problems. This section also includes a summary of

problems encountered during the data collection and solutions adopted to overcome them.

• Finally the report introduces a discussion on national participation to joint and open

programmes, the level of funding and their connectedness with other EU and national

initiatives.

The report integrates information retrieved through the data collection exercise and some

examples are provided with citation of the joint program according to the common numbering

shared in JOREP databases.

This report has been prepared by IEDCYT (CSIC) and Carlos III University of Madrid under

JOREP contract. Its contents engage only its authors.


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2 Overview of public research funding in Spain

The Spanish system of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) was deeply modified in the

eighties, when important changes in the political structure of the country took place.

Democracy brought a strong decentralization with the establishment of 17 Autonomous

Regions (NUTS2, Comunidades Autónomas) with their own Parliaments and Regional

Governments, which gradually became responsible for different areas of the administration:

health, education, agriculture,… Research and development activities kept mainly depending

on the national government, although the regions are increasingly involved in research and

innovation activities. The STI system was created as such in 1986 when the “Law of Patents”

and the “Law of Science” were launched. Spain became a member of the European Union in

January 1986, and its research organization came nearer to that of the other European

countries.

The “Law of Science” (Law for the Promotion and General Coordinaton of Scientific and

Technological Research) aimed at fostering research and technological development, and set

up a political-administrative coordination body, the Interministerial Commission for Science

and Technology (CICYT) together with a policy tool for defining national R&D priorities and

research planning, the National R&D Plan. As a result, there was an important increase in

R&D investments in Spain, definition of national priorities and a better coordination between

the different agents of the system, particularly with the regional governments.

The current plan is the VI Spanish Plan for Scientific Research, Development and

Technological Innovation (R&D&I) covering the period 2008-2011. Until the previous Plan

(2004-2007) the organisation was based on priority areas selected according to strategic aims,

the principal instrument being the financing of research projects on a competitive basis,

infrastructure subsidies, fellowships, and offering support to innovative companies. The

department responsible for the management of the VI National R&D&I Plan is the Ministry

of Science and Innovation (MICINN) while in previous Plans this responsibility was divided

between the Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Health,

Ministry of Defence, amongst others. The Inter-ministerial Commission of Science and

Technology (CICYT) was the principal national organisation for scientific and technological

policy in charge of its planning, production, coordination and follow-up. The CICYT was

chaired by the President of the Government and composed by the ministries involved in the

scientific and technological policy: Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Industry,

Tourism and Trade, Ministry of External Affairs and Cooperation, Ministry of Economy and

Estate, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Ministry of

Environment, Ministry of Employment and Social Affaires. The CICYT was composed of

two councils: an Advisory Council for Science and Technology to promote the participation


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of the scientific community and of the economic and social agents in the production, follow-

up and evaluation of the policies of research, development and innovation, where all the

executing agents were represented. Another council promoted the coordination of the

different Autonomous Regions (CCAA, NUTS 2 regions) with the Administration of the State

and amongst themselves.

- Financing takes place principally through public calls for research projects on the topics

selected in the National Plans programs. The distribution of funds takes place on a

competitive basis, with specialized peer-review panels who evaluate the proposals in an

independent National Agency for Evaluation and Prospective (ANEP, Agencia Nacional de

Evaluación y Prospectiva).

Even if the competitions in research and development correspond to the National

Administration of the State, the Autonomous Regions are increasingly involved in Regional

R&D&I Plans. It must be stated that public universities are under the political dependency of

the regional authorities. The economic and institutional importance of the regional policies of

R&D&I is extremely diverse. In general, their policies are concentrated on technological

industrial development, financing the companies and creating technological parks and

organizations of administrative support. There is a need of better cohesion and connection

between the different administrations.

- The principal performers of research and innovation that is, the execution organisations of

the Spanish system of Science, Technology and Innovation are: in the public sector the

Universities and the Public Research Organisations, and in the private sector the companies.

In Spain there is a strong public sector in research and innovation while the activities of the

enterprise sector are quite weak, as companies are mostly SME specialised in traditional

sectors.

a) Public sector

- The universities are the principal actors, with 55% of researchers and 41% of personnel in

R&D activities. There are approximately 60 public universities and 20 private ones, which

have the mission of providing higher education, research and services to society. The public

universities are under the political dependency of regional governments. Large public

hospitals participate in research activities through the Medical faculties.

- The Public Research Organisations (OPI) are important actors of the system of research

and innovation, so much for their role as managers of certain programs of the National Plan as

for their work in the execution of an important part of the activities of research and innovation

financed with public funds. They are considered as part of the Government sector in national

statistics. The most important OPI is the multidisciplinary Spanish Council for Scientific

Research (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC) constituted by over 100


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own centres distributed throughout the country, together with joint centres CSIC-University

(under the Ministry of Science and Innovation).

Other Public Research Institutions specialized in certain fields are: Centro de Investigaciones

Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto Nacional de

Investigación Tecnológica Agraria y Alimentaría (INIA), Instituto Español de Oceanografía

(IEO) and Instituto Geológico Minero de España (IGME) (previously under the Ministry of

Education and Science); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (previously under the Ministry of

Health); Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) (Ministry of Defense); Centro de

Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX) and Instituto Geográfico Nacional

(IGN) (Ministry of Public Works). Other institutions with public funding are: Canal de

Experiencias Hidrodinámicas del Pardo (CEHIPAR), Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas

(CIS), Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales (CEPCO), Instituto de Astrofísica de

Canarias (IAC), Instituto de Estudios Fiscales (IEF) and Dirección General de Armamento y

Material (DGAM- Ministry of Defense).

There are also semi-public foundations in the medical area, such as CNIO (Centro Nacional

de Investigaciones Oncológicas), CNIC (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones

Cardiovasculares), CienN (Fundación Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades

Neurológicas), dependent on the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

In the 17 Autonomous Regions a series of new models and organizations emerged. For

example in Catalonia, ICREA is in charge of contracting researchers, and public research

centres and consortia have been created. In the Basque Country a strong effort in the

technological sector has taken place through the CIC (Centros de Investigación Cooperativa);

the Ikerbasque foundation attracting high quality researchers mainly from abroad, creating

Basic Excellence Research Centres and promoting interaction between science and society.

b) Private sector

Although the Spanish enterprises are increasingly sensitive to the need to adapt themselves

to globalisation, the available indicators show that the technological situation and the

innovative capacity of the Spanish companies is lower than that of the average European

companies, in spite of the fact that they are increasingly involved in innovation activities. The

highest share of R&D expenditures corresponds to large companies, but most of Spanish

industries are SME. Around 70% of the R&D expenditures of companies are concentrated in

three Autonomous Regions: Madrid, Catalonia and Basque Country. An important effort is

being made by the Administrations in order to promote links between the public and private

sectors.


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2.1 R&D funding and execution

The Spanish System of Science Technology and Innovation is relatively small in relation with

the country’s economic position in the world context, so much regarding the percentage of the

GDP dedicated to research and development as to the number of researchers. But the gradual

increase of the public funds devoted to research and innovation improved this situation. In the

last years, Spain was one of the countries with a higher rate of growth of the expenses in

research and development. The situation changed with the present economic crisis.

Considering the recent evolution of expenditures and funding in R&D in the last years we can

observe that in 2000 the expenses in Spain amounted to 0.91% of the GDP, 1.06% in 2004

and 1.35% in 2008. The R&D expenses of the private sector (companies) amounted to 53.7 %

of the total expense in 2000 and 54.9% in 2008, while the Public sector (Administration and

universities) represented 45.4% in 2000 and 44.9% in 2008. These percentages of enterprise

participation are still under the EU average.

The personnel occupied in research and development represents 6.9% of the active population

(in 2002), whereas the researchers suppose 4.4% (source INE). These two indicators, which

are the ones used by the OECD for the international comparisons, showed an up-ward trend in

the last two decades, but are clearly below those of countries with strong economies.

Other data show that there is a trend towards applied research that represents 36.6% of the

expenditures in 2000 and 43.3% in 2008 (source INE).

Table 1 presents a disaggregation of current and capital expenditures considering execution

sector. Data are shown in thousands of Euros and absolute values reflect the highest

expenditures in the private sector, especially in current expenditures.

TABLE 1 Internal expenditures per execution sector in Spain, 2008

Sector of execution

Total Total current expenditures

Salaries Other current expenditures

Capital expenditures

Total 14701393 12007813 7840942 4166871 2693580 State Admin. 2672288

(18.2%) 2134970 (17.8%)

1195248 (15.2%)

939722 (22.6%)

537318 (19.9%)

Higher Education

3932413 (26.7%)

3295579 (27.4%)

2524989 (32.2%)

770590 (18.5%)

636834 (23.6%)

Private sector 8073521 (54.9%)

6555490 (54.6%)

4107859 (52.4%)

2447631 (58.7%)

1518031 (56.4%)

Non profit organisations

23171 (0.2%)

21774 (0.2%)

12846 (0.2%)

8928 (0.2%)

1397 (0.1%)

Source INE 2010 (thousands of Euros)

Table 2 shows official data concerning execution and funding in 2008. As data show, funding

from the State is specially directed towards the Higher Education system and public


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administration (note that Public Research Organisations are included in this sector) while the

private sector is mostly financed by itself, together with public funds.

TABLE 2 Execution and funding of R&D in Spain, 2008

FUNDING Sector Total State Higher

Education Private sector

Non profit organizations

Abroad

Total 14701393 6699339 473985 6608550 81416 838103 State Admin. 2672288 2352916 5610 156724 20787 136251 Higher Education

3932413 2893854 465263 346782 37508 189007

Private sector 8073521 1444958 2825 6099298 14761 511680 Non profit organisations

23171 7611 287 5746 8361 1165

Source INE 2010 (thousands of Euros)

2.2 Public research funding: overview

OECD in 2006 studied the Spanish STI system and produced a report pointing out some of its

limitations, as the fragmentation of R&D between ministries, the lack of emphasis on the

quality of results, the low implication of industry and making a series of suggestions. Taking

into account these recommendations, a first attempt of National Strategy for Science and

Technology (2008-2015) was established, which includes the present National R&D Plan

2008-2011.

A National Strategy for Science and Technology (ENCYT) was elaborated during the year

2006 with the participation of all the actors of the Spanish system of Science and Technology,

the General Administration of the State (AGE), the Autonomous Regions (CCAA), the

executors of the research and innovation (scientists and technologists), the social agents

(unions and employers), etc. It made a series of proposals with the aim of bringing Spain to

the front of knowledge (more and better human resources, higher financing of research

projects, promoting excellence and international networks), promoting competitive enterprises

(public-private cooperation, technology transfer, innovation), integrating the regional R&D

activities, enhancing internationality, creating a favourable environment for R&D investment,

and disseminating the results.

A set of predefined indicators allow the public managers a suitable follow-up of the aims and

measuring the degree of development of the lines of action. Table 3 shows some of these

indicators.


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TABLE 3 Follow-up indicators on R&D in Spain, 2004-2008

Indicators 2004 2008

Total R&D expenditures as % of GDP 1.06 1.35

R&D expenditures executed by private sector (% of total) 54.4 54.9

Expenditures in Innovation activities as % of GDP 1.49 1.83

Researchers per 1000 active population 5.6 6.5

Researchers in private sector (% on the total) 31.7 35.4

% of innovative enterprises vs. total 29.74 20.81

Share of scientific output (% of the world) 2.4 2.75

% of European patents of Spanish residents over total 0.69 0.90

Source: Informe SISE: Análisis de las convocatorias del Plan Nacional 2008-2011 correspondiente al

año 2008 (MICINN)

The Spanish National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011

The R&D&I Plan is the instrument through which the General Administration of the State

promotes, coordinates and plans the scientific and technical research in Spain. This Plan is

financed yearly across the Expenditures Program “Research, Development and Innovation” of

the General Budgets of the State. The aims of the Plan are the progress in knowledge and

innovation, development of the competitive capacity of industry and economic development,

and to identify the needs and objectives on a yearly basis with an adequate design of

instruments and activities. A panel of experts and managers works with the country’s needs

and the evaluations of previous Plans. In the present Plan the aim was to attain an increase in

the indicators shown in table 3, what unfortunately turned impossible due to the economic

crisis of the last years.

The Spanish R&D&I Plan for the period 2008-2011 plays a central role in the development of

science and technology policies. This Plan has a series of special features which make it

different from the five previous ones. It is enclosed in a long term strategy and takes into

account an external evaluation. Besides, it is rather instrumental, highly focused and outlines

a series of objectives quantified through indicators.

2.3 Project funding overview

Public funding is organized mostly through research projects on a competitive basis, financed

by:

1- National agencies:

-MICINN through National R&D&I Plan, using a peer review process by evaluation agencies.

-MICINN and CSIC through bilateral and international agreements

-CDTI for industrial promotion and funding

-Ministry of Industry for technological and innovation activities


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-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation- AECID aid to developing countries

2- Regional agencies and R&D&I Plans of each of the Autonomous Regions (NUTS2)

3- International agencies.

In 1986 Spain became a member of the European Union and started a strong participation in

all European activities: EU Framework Program, ERA-Nets

Other international European activities: ESF, ESA, EUREKA, COST, EURATOM...

TABLE 4 Overview of the main project funding agencies in Spain

Organisation Aims Tools Beneficiaries

Central government Ministry for Science and Innovation (MICINN) Ministry of Health and Social Policy Ministry of Public Works

Planning, coordination, follow-up of the Spanish R&D&I system

National R&D&I Plan, Projects, contracts and scholarships

Universities, public and private centres of R&D&I, non-profit- entities linked to science, technology, research and innovation, companies and managerial associations

Multilateral agreements

Multilateral research projects

MICINN/CSIC/ISCIII

Bilateral collaboration

Bilateral agreements: research projects and mobility

Research organisations, research councils or universities of different countries

Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade

Bilateral agreements Technology and innovation projects

Innovative companies

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation/AECID

Aid to developing countries

Scholarships, research and teaching projects PCI

Universities and research organisations

CDTI Promotion of innovation Technology transfer

Innovative and cooperation projects, credits

Innovative companies

Regional governments (CCAA) XUNTA (Galicia) ACC1Ó (Catalonia) Madri+D (Madrid) Ikervasque (Basque foundation for Science) Navarra Innova (Navarra)

Promotion and funding of research and technology activities

Regional R&D&I Plans: projects , networks

Universities, research centres, innovative companies

EU Commission VII Framework Programme and all other actions

Research projects All R&D&I entities, public and private

Other international organisations: ESA, ESF, EURATOM

Mostly private companies

The principal institutions with a central role in the funding, promotion and evaluation of

research activity in Spain are the following:


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Funding

-Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology (CICYT)

The CICYT had as principal functions to integrate in the different national programs of

research and development the initiatives of different ministries, disposing of public funds to

finance the R&D&I Plan and to define the duration of the programs included in this Plan. It

also established guidelines on distribution of the budgeting credits from international

programs. With the concentration of R&D&I activities in MICINN, it was no longer

necessary.

-Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)

One of the principal problems in the Spanish Research System, considering the OECD

Report, was the division of the responsibilities of research and development in different

ministerial departments. In this line, the creation in 2008 of the Ministry of Science and

Innovation is an important step for its solution. This new Ministry is in charge of the proposal

and execution of the governmental policy related to universities, scientific research centres,

technological development and innovation in all the sectors, including health research. It is

also involved in internationalisation of the system, cooperation between public-private sector

and between national and regional governments and amongst all agents of the STI system.

Concerning project funding, the principal tool is the Spanish R&D&I Plan.

http://www.micinn.es

-Centre for Industrial Technological Development (CDTI)

The Centre for Industrial Technological Development depends on MICINN (it was previously

dependent on the Ministry of Industry). Its aim is to increase the technological profile of the

companies and to give them support in their international technological activities, considering

research, development, technology transfer and innovation.

At the national level, CDTI supports companies’ projects through grants and credits at zero

interest rate, as well as the generation and development of new technology base firms,

through the NEOTEC initiative. At the international level, it offers an external network to

support international contacts and activities of enterprises. CDTI manages the Spanish

participation in programs of technological cooperation through industrial contracts with high

technological content by Spanish companies generated within the framework of different

national and European organisations: ESA, CERN, ESRF, Hispasat, Eumetsat and Spainsat. It

manages multilateral EU programs EUREKA and IBEROEKA (with Latin America), as well

as bilateral programs aiming to promote international technological cooperation with Canada,

China, Korea and Japan. For technological transfer it offers technological promotion projects

and IBEROEKA projects.

http://www.cdti.es/


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-Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade

This department within the Spanish general administration is responsible for proposing and

carrying out government policy in the areas of industrial development and innovation, trade

policy, small and medium sized enterprises, energy and mining, tourism, telecommunications

and the Information Society. Related to R&D&I is the General Secretariat of Energy the

General Directions of SME, Industry and Development of the Information Society. It

manages the following programmes: EIP, ICT-PSP, IEE, EUROSTARS.

http://www.mityc.es

-Ministry of Health and Social Policy

This Department is responsible for health, social policy and equality. The Health Institute

Carlos III was previously dependent on the Ministry of Health, now in MICINN

http://www.msps.es

-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation

This Ministry formulated and executed Spanish activities with foreign countries. The Agency

for International Cooperation to Development (AECID) is in charge of the international

cooperation activities in developing countries, which includes, together with humanitarian

actions, activities related to teaching and research.

http://www.maec.es

-Regional Authorities (Comunidades Autónomas)

The 17 Spanish Autonomous Regions are responsible for their own public universities. They

are increasingly involved in research and development activities through Regional R&D&I

Plans, in certain coordination with the central government. Their involvement and model

change dramatically from one region to another.

-Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC)

The Spanish Research Council is the largest Public Research Organisation in Spain. It is

constituted by more than one hundred scientific institutes covering all scientific disciplines,

together with joint CSIC-university institutes distributed throughout the country. Besides

being one of the large performers of R&D&I in the Spanish system it was manager of certain

projects in the National R&D Plans. Dependent on the Ministry of Science and Innovation, it

also develops science policy activities trying to attract the best scientists to its research

institutes, signing agreements with universities to create joint research centres and agreements

with Academies and Research Councils of diverse countries to foster international mobility of

scientists and international research projects.

http://www.csic.es


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Promotion

-Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT)

It was created in 2001 by the former Ministry of Science and Technology. FECYT operates as

a non-profit entity and with functional autonomy, with the aim to give a constant and flexible

service to the Spanish system of Science, Technology and Innovation. Its principal aims are:

to contribute to the orientation of the scientific and technological progress of the Spanish

system, to improve the cooperation between the different actors, to be a platform for meeting,

analysis and debate of interdisciplinary and intersectorial character for the scientific

technological and managerial communities of the country, and to stimulate the dissemination

of the S&T knowledge.

http://www.fecyt.es/

Evaluation

- National Agency for Evaluation and Prospective (ANEP)

The ANEP was created in 1986 in response to the need to establish a scientific evaluation

mechanism offering the "maximum rigour and independence" necessary to support decision-

making on research project funding and other financial aids for R&D and innovation. The

scientific evaluations submitted by the Agency are performed by anonymous experts,

fundamentally based on the peer review system. These evaluations are intended to be used by

management bodies to help them take funding and other financial support decisions. Since its

creation, the ANEP has provided one of the two components necessary for the selection of

activities for funding, namely scientific/technical evaluation. The other component, a report

on the appropriateness of the funding and the project's match with science policy objectives,

is the competence of the funding bodies themselves. The fact that the evaluation is carried out

by an institution independent from the funding institution (which is responsible for the final

decision as to whether to fund the action or not) adds an additional mechanism guaranteeing

the quality of the evaluation.

http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.29451c2ac1391f1febebed1001432ea0/?

vgnextoid=3cb39bc1fccf4210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD

-National Commission for Evaluation of Research Activity (CNEAI)

It was created in 1989 for the distribution of rewards between the Spanish researchers

working in public institutions. The principal aim of the CNEAI is to carry out the evaluation

of the research activity of university teachers and of CSIC researchers. The request of

evaluation (for periods of six years) is voluntary, as it is a complement of productivity whose

purpose is to promote research of the university teachers and its national and international

diffusion. To obtain this assignment, the CNEAI requests the corresponding advice from

members of the scientific community, a series of Committees organised by scientific fields

being created for every evaluation.


17

http://www.educacion.es/horizontales/ministerio/organismos/cneai/convocatoria-

sexenios.html

-National Agency for Evaluation of Quality and Accreditation (ANECA)

The ANECA is a state foundation whose aim is to contribute to the improvement of the

quality of the system of higher education by means of the evaluation, certification and

accreditation of education studies, professorship and institutions. This aim is aligned with the

purpose of constructing a European Space of Higher Education (EEES) in the year 2010.

http://www.aneca.es/

2.4 Public research funding: some quantitative data

In 2007, OECD central governments invested 1% to 7% of their total budget in R&D

activities. Spain had the largest increase in the last few years, with more than 7% of total

central government outlays for R&D funding.

Considering information provided by OECD in 2008, internal expenditures in R&D are 1.35

per 100/GDP and personnel working in R&D (FTE) 10.5 per 1000 working people (INE).

Complete data on project funding based on OECD GBAORD (Government budget and

appropriations or outlays for R&D) for 2008 is shown in table 5, with a total of 10870 M €.

TABLE 5 GBAORD. Budget for R&D by socio-economic objectives. Final credits 2008

(thousands Euros)

Socio-economic objectives NABS (1) TOTAL

1- Exploration and exploitation of the earth 136001.4

2- Environment 441971.5

3- Exploration and exploitation of space 185735.4

4- Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures 950232.1

5- Energy 456833.0

6- Industrial production and technology 1445433.1

7- Health 1318667.4

8- Agriculture 738851.0

9- Education 149444.0

10- Culture, recreation, religion and mass media 135462.1

11- Political and social systems, structures and processes 189056.2 12- General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF) (2)

1911886.4

12.1 R&D related to Natural Sciences 361376.9 12.2 R&D related to Engineering Sciences 522193.7 12.3 R&D related to Medical Sciences 343036.1 12.4 R&D related to Agricultural Sciences 121878.8 12.5 R&D related to Social Sciences 322242.8


18

Socio-economic objectives NABS (1) TOTAL

12.6 R&D related to Humanities 241158.2

13-General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources than GUF (2)

1152347.7

13.1 R&D related to Natural Sciences 395756.0 13.2 R&D related to Engineering Sciences 262075.7 13.3 R&D related to Medical Sciences 250333.8 13.4 R&D related to Agricultural Sciences 51984.3 13.5 R&D related to Social Sciences 121299.1 13.6 R&D related to Humanities 70998.7

14 Defence 1658151.0 TOTAL 10870072.3

(1) Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (2) General University Funds Sources: General State Administration (including Public Research Institutions and Autonomous Institutions) and Autonomous Regions governments, with Budget Program 46 (R&D). MICINN

2.4.1 Project funding at the national level

Project funding in Spain is mostly channelled through the National R&D&I Plan. According

to the report 2008 of the National Plan, the resources planned were 5656M€, the published

resources were 4638M€ and the finally approved resources by Instrumental Action Lines and

Strategic Actions amounted to 3633 M€ (referring only to marginal costs) as shown in table 6.

TABLE 6 Resources in R&D in Spain according to General Budgets of the State 2008 (thousands Euros)

Tool Approved

Instrumental line of Action of Human Resources 395519.3 Instrumental line for R&D projects 1805488.3 Instrumental line for Institutional strengthening 100232.5 Instrumental line for the use of knowledge and technological transfer 35711.2 Instrumental line on Cooperation and Internationalization 361046.7 Scientific Culture and Innovation Programme 4155.4

Subtotal 2702153.4 Strategic Action on Health 223329.9 Strategic Action on Energy and Climate Change 75507.8

Strategic Action on Telecommunication and Information society 632245.7

Subtotal 931083.4 TOTAL 3633236.8 Note: Resources for R&D projects refer only to marginal costs

Source:http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=88

8f66e17aa73210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD


19

2.4.2. Project funding at the regional level

In the last 10 years the Autonomous Regions are increasing their implication in the promotion

and management of research and innovation in Spain, which is turning into a multi-polar

system: the Central Government and 17 Regional Governments.

The relationship in the field of Science and Technology between the General Administration

of the State and the Autonomous Regions evolved from the participation as advisors to the

Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology (CICYT), by means of the

Advisory Commission for Science and Technology; mechanisms of direct opinion, by means

of the active participation in managers' Workgroups for the elaboration of the National Plan

and the Sectorial Conference of the Councils with competitions in the promotion of R&D

with the Ministry of Science and Innovation. Bilaterally, with every Autonomous Region the

Ministry has signed cooperation and collaboration agreements in Science and Technology in

order to try to harmonize the development of the National Plan priorities with those of the

corresponding Regional Plans. The most relevant regions considering their higher

expenditures in R&D are Madrid, Catalonia, Basque Country, Andalusia and Valencia.


20

3 Mapping joint and open programs

This section provides an overview of Spanish participation to open and joint programs and

discusses cases of inclusion and exclusion in the perimeter for data collection and analysis.

3.1 An introductory overview

The Spanish research and innovation system was deeply modified in the eighties together

with Spain becoming member of the European Union and strongly participating in European

projects. The National R&D&I Plans promoted international cooperation in science and

technology through bilateral and multilateral agreements and participation in international

research agencies. The Ministry of Science and Innovation is presently responsible for

R&D&I activities, principally financing research projects on a competitive basis and grants

and contracts for researchers. The programs of the National Plan 2008-2011 are open to any

foreign researcher working in a Spanish organisation. It includes a specific research

Programme covering activities related to International Cooperation in Science and

Technology.

The Spanish R&D&I Plan promotes qualified human resources through training and mobility

of researchers. Pre-doc and post-doc scholarships are open to Europeans. Contracts for post-

doc researchers “Juan de la Cierva” and “Ramon y Cajal” for experienced researchers are

open to any foreigner who will develop his investigations in a Spanish centre. Legally there

exists full access for candidates of EU to the research and teaching permanent posts at the

university and at research centres, but the number of foreigners is still very low, around 1% of

research staff of public university and 20% of PhD students (INE).

Spain participates in international programs, both through the EU 7FP initiatives and in those

of other international organisations. Besides, it has bilateral and multilateral agreements with

research and innovation organisations of other countries. A special multilateral research

programme between Spain, Portugal and all Ibero-American countries is CYTED, launched in

Spain more than 30 years ago.

3.1.1. Joint programming

Spain participates in the European Union projects and is full member of numerous

International Organisations and Great Infrastructures. Besides, Spain develops multilateral

and bilateral R&D&I Programs.


21

A. In the framework of the European Research Area:

- Framework Programs (from 1986 onwards)

- ERA-NETs and INCO-NETs

- Joint Technology Initiatives (public-private consortia)

- Article 185 initiatives (former art 169)

- Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP), very important for the Spanish SME

- ERC calls (within IDEAS Programme) where starting grants encourage basic research of

excellence to be conducted in Europe.

- European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) catalysing the “knowledge triangle”

through the KIC (knowledge and innovation communities)

- European Science Foundation, 79 organisations of 30 countries, with the participation of

CSIC.

- EUREKA, European Technological Cooperation Programme, enhances innovation and

competitiveness of companies. Managed by CDTI, Spanish SMEs participate

- COST, European networks in science and technology research

B. International Organisations and Great Infrastructures

Spain participates in the following international scientific-technological infrastructures:

CERN, European Laboratory of Particle Physics; ILL, Institut Laue-Langevin; ESFR,

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; ISIS, Pulsed neutron spallation source; ITER,

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor; JET, Joint European Torus; ESO,

European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere; Comité Polar

Español; EFI, European Forest Institute; INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology

Laboratory; GBIF, Global Diversity Information Facility; PRACE, Partnership for Advanced

Computing in Europe; EMBO/EMBL/EMBC, European Molecular Biology Organisation,

Laboratory and Conference; IODP/ICDP, Integrated Ocean and Continental Drilling

Programs; CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique Moleculaire; ESS-Bilbao, Spanish

site for the European Foundation for neutron spallation; ESA, European Space Agency;

FAIR, Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research; XFEL, European X-Ray Laser Project; ICSU,

International Council for Science.

Spain also participates in:

- International Institute for Computer Science of the California University.

- Large scientific international infrastructures in Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Astro-

particles and e-Science (e-Ciencia): international projects and mobility. Countries involved

are: Germany, France, Italy, Portugal and Argentina.

- Antarctic Spanish Campaign 2008-2009 and International Polar Year (March 2007-March

2009) promoted by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and World Meteorological

Organisation (WMO). A total of 25 projects of the Polar Campaign 2008-2009 have been

developed. Scientific and technological facilities in the Antarctic Campaign are the Spanish


22

Antarctic base Juan Carlos I (1988) and Gabriel de Castilla (1999) and the Oceanographic

Ships Hespérides and Las Palmas. Researchers from several countries participate.

C. Multilateral programs with several countries, including CYTED, a programme launched

by Spain with all Ibero-American countries and Portugal, including cooperation in science

and technology (IBEROEKA).

D. Bilateral Programs, both in science and in technology (the latter managed by CDTI).

E. Open programmes, with developing countries (managed by AECID).

TABLE 7 Spanish joint programming activities

Scope Programme

1-European Union

European Research Area (ERA)

Framework Program for Research and Technological Development

ERA-NETS

Joint Technology Initiatives

Article 185 Initiatives

Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program (CIP)

ERC European Research Council

European Institute of Innovation and Technology- KIC assoc.

Other International European Programs: ESF, EUREKA, COST

2- International Organisations and large Infrastructures

European Laboratory of Particle Physics

Institut Laue-Langevin

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Pulsed neutron spallation source

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor

Joint European Torus

European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere

Comité Polar Español

European Forest Institute

International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory

Global Diversity Information Facility

Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe

European Molecular Biology Organisation, Laboratory and Conference

Integrated Ocean and Continental Drilling Programs

Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique Moleculaire

ESS-Bilbao, Spanish site for the European Foundation for neutron spallation


23

Scope Programme

European Space Agency

Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research

European X-Ray Laser Project

International Institute for Computer Science of the California University

Large scientific international infrastructures in Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Astro-particles and e-Science

Antarctic Spanish Campaign 2008-2009

3- International programs

A Multilateral Programs

PLANT-KBBE

Regenerative Medicine

Cancer Genomics (ICGC)

IUPAC-Polymer Chemistry

CYTED – a total of 21 Ibero-American countries

B Bilateral Programs

United States (NSF)

Japan (JST)

India (DST)

Canada (DFO)

Argentina (MINCYT-ANPCYT)

Brazil (CNPq)

Integrated Actions for the mobility of researchers

Bilateral Programs for Technological Cooperation (Canada, China, India, Korea, Japan, South Africa)

C Open Programs AECID- PCI

3.1.2 Opening of national programs

Programs in the National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011 are open to participants of any nationality

if they have a stable long-term appointment in a Spanish institution, universities or research

centres, though the funding must be spent in Spain.

There is a specific Programme in the R&D&I Plan on Cooperation and Internationalization

that includes training and researchers mobility; international cooperation projects; ERANET;

international innovation projects managed by CDTI (IDEALIST, TECNOEUROPA,

EUREKA, IBEROEKA). Bilateral and multilateral agreements both in science and in

technological innovation are taking place with a series of countries, whether EU or third

countries, on specific topics.

The Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to Development (AECID), depending on

the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, finances diverse actions and some research projects in favour

of developing countries.


24

3.1.3 Mapping the programs

For the mapping, we make use of the classification of these programs provided in the JOREP

tender, in the following categories:

B1: programs managed and funded by international agencies; funding from direct national

contributions.

B2: programs managed and funded by international agencies; funding from EU budget.

B3: programs managed by international agencies, but with national (co-)funding

C: joint programs between national funding agencies

D: programs of national agencies open to performers abroad

Information on programs B1 and B2 refers only to national conditions of participation, while

detailed information on these programs is provided in the separate report on international and

European funding agencies.

3.2 Participation to European and international programs

The need to give political weight to international R&D relations was clearly stated in the

definition of the National Strategy for Science and Technology (ENCYT), specifically in one

of the objectives expressing the need to strengthen the international dimension of the

country’s science and technology system. The “internationalization” of national systems

intends, on the one hand, to pool the knowledge generated in various countries or

international organizations, reducing costs and increasing effectiveness, and on the other

hand, to increase Spanish researchers’ international presence and visibility, fostering the

growth of leadership in both scientific and economic areas.

The following table provides a summary of Spanish participation to European and

international programs, where Spanish participation is directly funded by the international

agency (B1 and B2).

TABLE 8 European and International Programs

Program Funding Agency Type Spanish participation European Space Agency

ESA B1 Full Participation of Spain

EU Framework Programs

European Commission

B2 Full participation of Spain after becoming EU member country in 1986. Relevant participation in the 7FP, specially in areas as “Region of Knowledge”, “Energy” and “Research for development of companies” in which Spain is in 1st or 2nd position for project funding or coordination.

Particle Physics (e-Ciencia)

European Commission

B1 Collaboration between Spanish and Argentinean researchers in Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics and Theoretical


25

Program Funding Agency Type Spanish participation Physics was financed with 173000€ in 2009. Other countries involved are: Germany, France, Italy, Portugal

Antarctic Spanish Campaign 2008-2009

International Council for Science (ICSU) and World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)

B1 Scientific and technological facilities in the Antarctic Campaign are the Spanish Antarctic base Juan Carlos I (1988) and Gabriel de Castilla (1999) and the oceanographic ships Hespérides and Las Palmas.

Community innovation programme

European Commission

B1 Spanish participation through CDTI

3.3 Joint programs at the European level (with national co-funding)

The following table provides an overview of the Spanish participation to European programs

with national co-funding (B3). We distinguish between the following categories:

B3-1: programs with both European and national funding.

B3-2: programs with only national funding.

TABLE 9 Joint Programs at European level (with national co-funding)

Program Managing

agency Spanish funding agency

Type Spanish participation Data availability

Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program (CIP)

EU MICINN B3-1 Spanish participation is related with: -Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme (EIP).Budget: 2,166 M€. Contact in Spain: Gen. Dir. SME – MITYC -Information Communication Technologies Policy support Programme (ICT PSP). Budget: 728 M€. Contact AETIC. -Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE). Budget: 727 M€. Contact IDEA

General information is available at the website of the Program but official data for Spanish participation are not available

European Science Foundation

ESF MICINN B3-2 MICINN and the Spanish Research Council contributed with the ESF budget and are active participants in the following programs: - EUROCORES - European Collaborative Research Projects, ECRP - Research Networking Programs - Exploratory Workshops - Forward Looks

Data collection project by project would be required

European Cooperation in Scientific and Technical Research

COST MICINN B3-1 Cooperation networks between EU research groups. Spanish management is carried on by General Sub secretariat of European Projects. Spain coordinates the following actions: -COST D36 ” Molecular Structure-Performance Relationships at the Surface of Functional Materials” -COST A34 “Gender and Well-Being: Interaction Between Work, Family and Public Policies” -COST IC0604 EURO-TELEPATH “Telepathology Network in Europe”

Only information about title of project and thematic area are available.

Era-NET schemes

EU MICINN B3-1 The MICINN takes part though the General Directorate of International Cooperation and Institutional Relations in ERA-NETs. Currently, Spain participates to the following ERA-NET joint calls: -Agrofood and Life Sci (ERA-IB; ERA-PG; ERASysBIO; EuroNanoMed; NEURON; Pathogenomics)

Information about Spanish participation in some programs is available at the web site of Ministry (N of projects, title, funding, etc)


27

Program Managing agency

Spanish funding agency

Type Spanish participation Data availability

-Humanities and Social Sciences (ERA AGE2; FUTURAGE) -Environmental and natural sources (ACENET; AMPERA, BIODIVERSA, CRUE, ERA-CHEMISTRY, EUROPOLAR, IWRM-NET, MARIFISH, MARINERA, SEAS ERA, CIRCLE) -Technologies of production and communication (ASPERA; ASTRONET; CHISTERA; Complexity, MARTEC; MINT ERA NET, NanoSCi-ERA, NUPNET) -Engineering: MATERA; MATERA+; MANUNET -International cooperation (EULANEST, New Indigo, EULARINET)

Article 185 actions

Varia MICINN B3-1 Spain currently participates to the following art. 185 actions: -AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) 4M€ Instituto Salud Carlos III and Ministry of Health -EDCTP European Development Clinical Trials Partnership -EUROSTARS on innovation. 1M€ in 2007. SME and Ministry of Industry -Metrology

Official data from Spanish participation are not available

Eureka EUREKA MICINN B3-2 The European Technological Cooperation Programme. Spanish participation is managed by CDTI

Data could be requested to the CDTI in an aggregated form.

Joint Technology Initiatives

EU None B3-1 JTI are open to Spanish participants, which receive however only European funding; no national co-funding available (ENIAC)

No official data at Spanish level

28

3.4 Bilateral programs between Spain and other countries

The following table lists the bilateral-multilateral cooperation programs with other countries.

A detailed description is provided in the following sheets.

TABLE 10 Overview of joint programs in Spain

Responsible agency

Programme Type Programme

MICINN

Multilateral

C

PLANT-KBBE International Programs for Regenerative Medicine International Cancer Genome Consortium International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry CYTED with 21 Ibero-American countries

Bilateral

C

NSF-Materials and NSF-Chemistry (USA) Programme of Cooperation with Japan Programme of Cooperation with India Programme of Cooperation in Sciences of the Sea (Canada) Programme of Cooperation with Argentina Programme of Cooperation with Brazil Integrated Actions for the mobility of researchers Bilateral Programs for Technological Cooperation CSIC bilateral agreements with 31 countries

3.4.1. Multilateral programs

Plant-KBBE

Name of the program PLANT-KBBE (Transnational Plant Alliance for Novel Technologies - toward implementing the Knowledge Based Bio-Economy in Europe)

Type Multilateral Programme jointly managed between national funding agencies. Description Started in 2003 with 3 countries and in 2009 other 2 are included Participating agencies This program is based on cooperation agreement between: Spain (MEC, now

MICINN), Germany (BMBF), France (MdR and ANR). Portugal participated in 2008 (FCT) and Canada (Genome Prairie) in 2009.

Type of projects and topics

It finances joint research projects in Genomics and molecular improvement of plants (food, biomaterials, bio-energy).

Funding mode In the lead agency procedure each national group is funded by the national agency, no transfer of funding between countries. In the money follows cooperation line procedure the agency of the lead partner finances also the partners in the other countries. Total 2008 budget was 18M€ from Germany, France and Spain. Total 2009 budget was 15M€.

Beneficiaries industrial companies, academic research groups or other public organizations, small and medium sized enterprises

Data sources Text of the last call (2010) is available (conditions, beneficiaries, topics, type of funding). Information for foster call (2008, 2009) at aggregated level (N° of project, team and budget for Spain) is available in the website of the MICINN

Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=d2c3cfae2a8f5210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en#idPreguntas

Joint and Open Programs (JOREP) Spanish National Report

29

International Programs for Regenerative Medicine

Name of the program International Programs for Regenerative Medicine Type Bi or multilateral agreements with funding agencies from other countries Description Funding for development of capacities in the field of Regenerative Medicine

in cooperation with top international research teams Participating agencies Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and foreign partners: UK,

Canada, USA, Italy, Sweden, Netherlands, France, Germany. Type of projects and topics

Project for improvement of capacities of HHRR and infrastructures in the field of Regenerative Medicine

Funding mode 30M€ (total budget 2009) Beneficiaries Spanish research centres, universities, hospitals, non profit organizations,

companies with R&D activities Data sources Data for the last call (2009) at aggregated level are available in the web site of

MICINN Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09df

d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=6fc168f962af5210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en#idPreguntas

International Cancer Genome Consortium

Name of the program International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Type Multilateral cooperation Description International platform for collaboration, coordination and scientific-technical

support in biomedical research and genomics. Started in 2008 as a joint activity in Research Medicine.

Participating agencies International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) integrated by Australia, Japan, China, India, Canada, United Kingdom, France and Spain (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)


Spanish projects in genomics

Funding mode Spanish Project funding Beneficiaries Universities, research centres, hospitals Data sources Only descriptive data are available in the web site of the Ministry Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09df

d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=1570140593cb6210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD

International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

Name of the program International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry Type Multilateral cooperation Description Promotion for creation of trilateral research team with members of other

countries in the field of Chemistry Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and foreign agencies integrated in IUPAC: France (CNRS),

Germany (DFG), Brazil (FAPESP), Ireland (IRCSET), Portugal (FCT), USA (NSF).


Research project in New polymers and new supra-molecular structures

Funding mode Projects evaluated positively by an international consortium can obtain Spanish support for contracts and mobility of researchers

Beneficiaries Public or non-profit Spanish research teams Data sources Only descriptive information is available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09df

d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=30b94cf9a19f5210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD#idPreguntas


30

CYTED Ibero American Programme on Science and Technology for Development

Name of the program Ibero-American Programme on Science and Technology for Development (CYTED)

Type International multilateral scientific and technological cooperation programme of a horizontal nature and with an Ibero-American scope

Description It is a bottom-up system that establishes cooperation mechanisms with the aim to obtain scientific and technological results that can be transferred to the productive systems and social policies. It started over 30 years ago.

Participating agencies Organisations responsible for S&T policies from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Uruguay, Venezuela and Spain.


- Thematic Networks for teaching, mobility and scientific interactions - Coordination of research projects, with the aim of sharing applied

research experiences and transfer of research results to the enterprise sector

- Consortium research projects in which a multidisciplinary group develops research projects

- Innovation projects IBEROEKA are oriented to the market.

Funding mode Funds come from all participant countries, but Spain participates in the scientific coordination of 40% actions and 20% groups are Spanish. CYTED budget for 2008 was 5.5 M€ and for 2009 6.3 M€ (IBEROEKA: CDTI loans to Spanish companies are not included).

Beneficiaries research groups from universities, research centres and innovative enterprises Data sources Data of participation, projects, thematic areas and funding are available at the

level of each country in the institutional website. No information about specific Spanish participation (in detail) is available

Website http://www.cyted.org/

3.4.2. Bilateral programs with: USA; Japan, India, Canada, Argentina, Brazil

Bilateral programs with USA

Name of the program NSF-Materials and NSF-Chemistry Type Bilateral cooperation Description Spain-USA cooperation in the field of New Materials and in Chemistry Participating agencies MICINN (Spain) and National Science Foundation (USA) Type of projects and topics

Research projects in New Materials and Chemistry

Funding mode Simultaneous presentation and evaluation of the project at the two agencies Beneficiaries Public or non-profit Spanish research teams Data sources Only information on present call (2010) is available Website http://www.micinn.es/stfls/MICINN/Investigacion/FICHEROS/NSF_Mat

erials.pdfhttp://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=13627&org=CHE&sel_org=CHE&from=fund

Bilateral programs with Japan

Name of the program Programme of Cooperation with Japan Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2009 the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the Japan

Science and Technology Agency (JST) signed a programme of scientific cooperation between both countries. The programme's activities include the joint organization of seminars and other scientific meetings, exchange of


31

Name of the program Programme of Cooperation with Japan researchers, and calls for proposals to carry out joint research projects. Japan's and Spain's shared aim for these activities is scientific and technological advancement based on excellence.

Participating agencies Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)


Nanotechnology and development of New Materials

Funding mode 2.6M€ from Spain and 240M JPY from Japan Data sources Data about: title of the project, scientific area, name of researchers and

institution are available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.29451c2ac1391f1febebe

d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=5645c64b621b8210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD

Bilateral programs with India

Name of the program Programme of Cooperation with India Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2009 the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the

Department of Science and Technology from Indian Government (DST) signed a cooperation program to promote scientific cooperation

Participating agencies Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the Department of Science and Technology from Indian Government (DST)


Research projects and other scientific activities in the field of: Nanotechnology, Renewable energies, Information technology, Health, Life Sciences, Biotechnology, Agriculture and Food

Funding mode In 2009, 1.5M€ from Spain and the equivalent from India Data sources Information about characteristics of participation and data on title,

institutional participation, scientific area of granted projects are available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f

09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=6325b6404c9b6210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en

Bilateral programs with Canada

Name of the program Program of cooperation in Sciences of the Sea Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2007 Spain and Canada signed an agreement for a collaboration in sciences

of the sea Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans of the

Government of Canada (DFO) Type of projects and topics

Research projects in Sciences of the Sea: a. Coastal zone management approaches: characterization of human impacts, risk assessment and integrated decision making. b. Marine invasive species: impact on biodiversity, community structure and biotic interactions. c. Detection and methods against bio-toxins in molluscs. d. Environmental impacts of: • bivalve aquaculture • high-seas fishing of Atlantic species

Funding mode Total maximum funding is approximately CDN $1,485,000 provided by DFO and 1M€ by MICINN. For selected projects, funding will be allocated for the first year and second or third year funding will be contingent upon a favourable review of the annual progress report.

Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams Data sources Information about characteristics of participation and data on title,


32

Name of the program Program of cooperation in Sciences of the Sea institutional participation, scientific area of granted projects are available

Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=bea1d14429666210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD

Bilateral programs with Argentina

Name of the program Program of cooperation with Argentina Type Bilateral cooperation Description Since 2006 there is an official program for scientific cooperation in Physics

and in 2009 an agreement for the cooperation in Genomics and Bioinformatics was signed.

Participating agencies Spanish MICINN, Argentinean Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT) and Ministry of Science, Technology and productive Innovation from Argentina.


Research projects in: Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Vegetal, Medical and Legal genomics (starting in 2010)

Funding mode Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams Data sources Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f

09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=553042fd7c3b7210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD

Bilateral programs with Brazil

Name of the program Program of cooperation with Brazil Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2010 an agreement for the cooperation between the Spanish MICINN and

the Brazilian Ministry of Sciences and Technology is signed. Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technology

development (CNPq) Type of projects and topics

Research projects in: Biotechnology, Energy, Nanotechnology and Health

Funding mode Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams Data sources Call is open, only information about characteristics of call are available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f

09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=ee9d3a1a1ac47210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en

3.4.3 Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers

Name of the program Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers Type Bilateral cooperation Description Integrated actions promote bilateral agreements between Spanish and foreign

groups in the framework of previous contacts. Started as a cooperation tool with Europe (first bilateral agreement with France in the seventies) particularly during the first Spanish participation in a Framework Programme

Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and funding agencies from participant countries Type of projects and topics

International links are enhanced through mobility of researchers between groups, grants for participation in various events to finally promote the participation in joint projects.

Funding mode Although the funding is low, around 2.5M Euros per year, the results obtained are quite positive.

Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams from Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Hungary, Portugal and S. Africa (in 2008)

Data sources Detailed information about projects funded between 2000 and 2007 is


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Name of the program Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers available in the MICINN website

Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.dbc68b34d11ccbd5d52ffeb801432ea0/?vgnextoid=00032bbd459b0210VgnVCM1000001034e20aRCRD

3.4.4. Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Canada, China, India,

Korea, Japan, S. Africa

Bilateral program for technological cooperation with Canada

Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Canada (CANADEKA)

Type Bilateral cooperation Description Canadeka The Spanish-Canadian Program to Technological Cooperation

tries to promote the Technological Cooperation among companies from Spain (CDTI) and Canada (NRC-CNRC). From 2005

Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and NRC-CNRC (Canada) Type of projects and topics

Projects of technology transfer, technological development and innovation with the aim to create economic benefits for Spain and Canada.

Funding mode The management organizations in each country are responsible for evaluating and later certifying the approved projects with a "Quality Label" that offers an added value to the participating companies; on the one hand it is an acknowledgement of project technological level and on the other hand it enables access to preferential public funding in their respective countries. In the Spanish case, up to the 33% of the R&D related costs of the credit granted by CDTI will be non-refundable. Some 75% credit is at zero interest.

Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=104

Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with China

Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with China (CHINEKA) Type Bilateral cooperation Description Chineka The Spanish-Chinese Program to Technological Cooperation

promotes technological cooperation among entities of Spain and China.

Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and TORCH (China) Type of projects and topics

The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Chinese companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.



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Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with India

Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with India (ISIP) Type Bilateral cooperation Description ISIP India and Spain Innovation Programme to Technological Cooperation

promotes technological cooperation among entities from Spain and India. Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and TDB (India)) Type of projects and topics

The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Indian companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.



Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Korea

Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Korea Type Bilateral cooperation Description KSI Korea and Spain Innovation Programme to Technological Cooperation

promotes technological cooperation among entities of Spain and Korea. Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and ITEP (Korea) Type of projects and topics

The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Korean companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.



Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Japan

Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Japan (JSIP) Type Bilateral cooperation Description JSIP The Spanish-Japanese Program to Technological Cooperation promotes

technological cooperation among entities of Spain and Japan.

Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development


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Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Japan (JSIP) Organization, NEDO (Japan)


The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Japanese companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.



Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with South Africa (SASI)

Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with South Africa Type Bilateral cooperation Description SASI South Africa and Spain Innovation Programme

Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and New Energy and TIA (South Africa) Type of projects and topics

The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and South African companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.


Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources

Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=1262

3.5. National programs funding performers abroad

The Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to Development (Agencia Española de

Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo - AECID), that depends on the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, finances actions in which developing countries are the

beneficiaries. AECID fosters, manages and executes the Spanish public policy for

international cooperation to obtain sustainable human development in all aspects: social,

institutional, environmental, gender, cultural, scientific, economic and productive aspects.

Methods used by the AECID include:

-Cooperation programs and projects, technical assistance to local institutions funding, micro-

credits.


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-Contribution to multilateral funds and to international organisations for development

-Humanitarian actions

-Public aids to ONGD and other agents

-Scholarships for summer courses and to study Master and PhD in Spain

-Programmes for Inter-university cooperation and scientific research (PCI). These

programmes are the only action of AECID that can be considered as of interest to JOREP.

Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) PCI

Name of the program PCI Aid (Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e Investigación Científica)

Type Cooperation program with developing countries Description PCI Aid (Programme for Interuniversity Cooperation and Scientific

Research) under the Plan of Spanish Cooperation to Development 2009-2012 Aims: Contribute to strengthening the academic and research institutions in partner countries through activities to create or improve institutional capacities, teaching, research and transfer of knowledge and technology. Started 2003 Covering three geographic areas: Latin America (19 countries), Mediterranean (5 countries), Sub-Saharan Africa (7 countries).

Participating agencies AECID-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Type of projects and topics

Different modalities: funding of joint research projects; joint teaching projects; grants for preparatory actions (attending congresses, mobility); support for integrated actions to enhance institutions (courses, scholarships, mobility, equipment…) of one of the countries involved.

Funding mode Around 22 M€ Beneficiaries Universities and Public Research Organisations of Spain and countries of the

aforementioned geographic areas, doing research or graduate teaching. Data sources Information about financing projects and fellowships into the different

programs is available in the website Website http://www.aecid.es/web/es/becas/pci/

3.6. Cases of exclusion: revision of the national perimeter after the data collection

Besides general cases of exclusion defined according to the methodology developed for the

JOREP project at the early stage of the data collection, the perimeter has been further revised

after checking the programs in detail during the data collection. So far a final list of selected

programs has been developed as well as a list of excluded programs. The motivations for

exclusion have been the following:

-Projects with low budget

Funding Agency Program Type

AECID PCI Aid (Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e

Investigación Científica)

D


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-Human resources:

-Pre- and post-doctoral scholarships. “Juan de la Cierva” and “Ramón y Cajal”

researchers’ engagements.

-cases of mobility of researchers, as those financed by MICINN or CSIC through

bilateral agreements with universities, Research Councils and Academia of different

countries

-Master and PhD scholarships from AECID

-Projects from the Autonomous Regions

-Recent projects with no available data

After the collection of data and the contacts established with the responsible of each program,

some programs were removed from the perimeter:

Program identifier

Name of the program in English Motivation for exclusion from the perimeter

PEU008 ERA-NET TRANSPORT II No Spanish Project approved

PEU014 EULANEST First call in 2010

PEU017 EUROTRANSBIO (ETB-PRO) No Spanish Project approved

PR049 International Union for Applied

Chemistry (IUPAC)

Call in 2009 was a pre-selection of projects. Financing started in 2010.

PR051 NSF-Materials & Chemistry

Chemistry was removed because there was no Spanish Project approved in 2009. Now it is only NSF-Materials

PR061 Technological Cooperation with South Africa (SASI)

First call in 2010


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4 Overall assessment and discussion

The Spanish Science, Technology and Innovation System is based on the Science Law (1986)

and principally oriented to promote R&D&I activities in Spain through the six National Plans

that were launched since. These National Plans were aware of the need to open the Spanish

system towards cooperation with foreign researchers, and this internationalisation was clearly

enhanced with the fact of Spain becoming a member of the European Union in 1986. The

international cooperation before that date was very limited, due to the closed political

situation of the country. Spain participated in large international organisations, but the most

important cooperation programme launched by Spain at that time was CYTED, the Ibero-

American programme on Science and Technology for Development. It is a bottom-up

multilateral research and innovation agreement between Spain, Portugal (Iberia) and all

Spanish and Portuguese speaking American countries (21 countries in all). It finances

research mobility, research projects, innovation projects IBEROEKA, with the aim to transfer

the research results to the enterprise sector.

As for the national programs, the Spanish R&D&I Plan is open to non-Spanish researchers if

they are working in Spanish institutions. It is centred in promoting excellence in Spanish

research and development -carried out mostly by public institutions- and promoting

innovation in the enterprise sector, with special emphasis in the transfer of technology and in

establishing links between the public and the private sector. The R&D&I effort of Spanish

enterprises is much lower than that of EU average, due to a limited number of researchers and

to the fact that a large number of companies are SME. CDTI is active in promoting research

in enterprises and creating the interface between public research institutions and companies.

Only some of the diverse activities of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to

Development (AECID) can be considered as an open programme. Amongst them are

scholarships devoted to Masters and PhD students of developing countries and particularly

research and teaching projects (PCI).

4.1 Availability of data and methodological issues

Data collection was developed in three main steps. The first step was the filling of a full list

with descriptors on joint and open programmes and funding agencies. The second step

concerned the collection of information on funding and beneficiaries. After cross-checking of

data (by NIFU), a final version of data was elaborated in September 2011.

Considering that, in general, most data on projects and funding are publicly available in the

official web site of the funding agency; the web pages of the Ministry of Science and

Innovation (MICINN), CDTI and the Regional Governments were consulted. All possible


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data from these sources was retrieved.

Principal sources of information used were:

- Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) http://www.micinn.es

- Centre for Technological and Industrial Development http://www.cdti.es

- Institute of Health Carlos III http://www.isciii.es

If the information was not complete, the international website of the program was consulted.

Other sources of information used were: official reports, power point presentations in

conferences.

These sources were useful to complete programs descriptors but, in general, information

about funding is not easily available.

To complete these data, in some cases the responsible of each project was contacted (by

phone) explaining the characteristics of JOREP project and the need to obtain and validate the

information previously collected. After the phone contact an e-mail was sent to the

responsible of each program with a table asking to complete and validate data.

In some cases, when there were ambiguities, inconsistencies or difficulties to understand data

(mainly budgeting information) a personal interview with the responsible of the program was

agreed. After the interview, if there were some doubts left, another e-mail was sent with a

table including data for a final validation.

4.2 Problems encountered with data availability and measures taken to

overcome problems

This section reports on problems encountered during data collection on joint and open

programs.

A)- Programs descriptors (first phase of data collection)

Almost all descriptors were collected through the calls available, in general on the web page

of the funding agency. Considering information on Bilateral and Multilateral programs, no

substantial problem was encountered, except that concerning budget data. Information

difficult to be retrieved mainly concerned ESF-EUROCORES and EFDA - European Fusion

Development Agreement. In both cases information about Spanish participation and data

about responsible of the program was not available.


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Only one Open program was considered and all information about descriptors was collected

through its website.

The difficulties encountered can be summarized in:

- Disorganized information in national website: in many cases it was not easy to find the

information related with the project

- No data about national contact for the programs (we had to phone and ask for different

persons)

- No historical information about previous calls. Only latest calls (2011) had complete

information.

B)- Funding flows to agencies (second stage of the data collection)

In general, information about budget was not publicly available. In other cases, public

information on budget was not clear. In some cases the totals could correspond to the total of

the program (including EU funds) or to national funds planned to be granted or effectively

granted. We had to consult with the responsible of the program to clarify this information.

In a few number of programs this information could not be found: MARTEC; EUREKA

initiatives (information about calls before 2008 was not available); ESF-EUROCORES and

ESF-European Collaborative Research Projects in the social sciences (MICINN was the

funding agency but this information was not available); ESA programs (information before

2005 was not available); Art. 185- European Metrology Research Program and Art. 185-

Europe-Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (information about Spanish

participation and data about responsible for the program was not available); Program of

cooperation with Argentina (it is a recent program and information of funding is not available

yet).

C)- Funding flows to beneficiaries (third and last stage of the data collection)

In general, the text of the call details the potential beneficiary of each program but there was

no information about distribution of funds according with the sector of beneficiaries. To

obtain this information the responsible of the program was consulted. When data about

funding was not available (in programs mentioned above) neither funding distribution was

available. In other programmes as: EuroNanoMed; MATERA; MATERA+; NEURON; Art.

185- Ambient Assisted Living; Eureka initiatives (before 2007); ESF-EUROCORES;

International Cancer Genome Consortium, the distribution of funding between public and

private sector was not available and this information could not be estimated by the responsible

of the program.

A progressive refinement of the data was possible during the three stages of the data

collection especially through the checking with funding agencies and international cross-

checking.


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5 Discussion on national participation to joint and open R&D

programs

5.1. Participation to joint initiatives (EU and national)

Spain has a large participation in joint initiatives. Since the early 80's it has participated in

programs such as ESA, Eureka initiatives and Ibero-American Programme on Science and

Technology for Development (CYTED). The Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)

is the main funding agency especially for scientific programs, and the Centre for Industrial

and Technological Development (CDTI) is concentrated in management of calls on

technological and innovative programs. In the last years also the Regional governments

(NUTS2) appear as important actors in the R&D system.

It is important to remark several bilateral agreements with countries as USA, Japan, India,

Argentina, Brazil, Canada and other multilateral agreements with EU countries and Latin-

American countries.

There is only one Open Program managed by the Spanish Agency for International

Cooperation to Development (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el

Desarrollo - AECID), that depends on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. Since

2003 there is a Program for Interuniversity cooperation and Scientific Research (PCI) that

promotes the cooperation with countries from three geographic areas: Latin America (19

countries), Mediterranean (5 countries), Sub-Saharan Africa (7 countries).

All these cooperative efforts reflect the integration of Spain in the international context and its

interest in promoting relations with countries of different regions.

5.2. Level of funding: general observations on national financial commitment

on joint R&D activities

Differences in the amount of funding emerge. The higher budgets are for EUREKA initiatives

and ESA programs.

Considering potential beneficiaries we can see that the Spanish participation is open in

general, to all sectors, and there are specific calls to promote the R&D activity in the private

sector.


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In the case of Spain, although many of the projects encourage private sector participation, it is

important to note that the actual participants remain mainly within the public sector.

Considering the data collected (including ESA and EUREKA) the distribution of funding

represents 52% for the public sector and 48% for the private sector.

Among the projects analyzed, a significant amount of funds for the private sector comes from

the EUREKA initiative and from funds for technological cooperation managed by CDTI. But

we must take into account that in both cases they are loans, of which only 33% is non-

refundable, and the rest is a credit at zero interest. Considering this situation, the real funding

represents 65% for the public sector and 35% for the private sector.

Another final observation about funding is the lack of detailed statistical information on

project funding in the OECD GBAORD (Government budget and appropriations or outlays

for R&D).

5.3. Relation with other EU initiatives

The ERANETS schemes represent the most diffused programs with an important Spanish

participation. For the other European programs the participations are focused in areas of Life

Sciences, Medical Research, Biology and Engineering.

5.4. Relationships with national R&D programmes

The R&D&I National Plan is the instrument through which the General Administration of the


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State promotes, coordinates and plans the scientific and technical research in Spain. Actually

the VI NP has a line of action devoted to International Cooperation, as one of the principal

objectives to promote the visibility and integration of the Spanish research activities. It is

managed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation. Other important funding agencies are the

Regional Governments (as Madrid, Catalonia or Basque Country). There are also important

agreements between the National Research Council (CSIC) and Research Institutions or

Academia from other countries, to develop joint projects and to promote collaborative

initiatives funding mobility and research training.


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6 References

- Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional AECID: http:www.aecid.es

- Azagra, J. M. An assessment of the research system and policies. Spain 2008. ERAWATCH

Country Report. Institute for Prospective and Technological Studies (IPTS), Joint Research

Centre. Spain.

- Cruz Castro, L. (ed) España 2015: Prospectiva social e investigación científica y

tecnológica. FECYT, Madrid 2004.

- Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología: http://www.fecyt.es

- Gómez, I. and Sanz-Menéndez, L. European Network of Indicators Producers. ENIP-

PRIME Country Report Spain. www.enip-europe.org

- Heijs, J. Spain 2009. ERAWATCH Country Report. Complutense University Madrid

(UCM) http://cordis.europa.eu/erawatch/

- Instituto Nacional de Estadística. INEbase http://www.ine.es

- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN

- Portal web español de movilidad para investigadores: http://www.eracareers.es/fecyt/

- Programa CYTED. Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo:

http://www.cyted.org

-Sanz Menéndez L, Cruz Castro L (eds) Análisis sobre ciencia e innovación en España.

FECYT. Madrid 2010.

- Sebastián J., Muñoz E. (eds) Radiografía de la investigación pública en España. Biblioteca

Nueva. Madrid 2006.


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7 Index of tables

TABLE 1. Internal expenditures per execution sector in Spain, 2008…...….……...………..10

TABLE 2. Execution and funding of R&D in Spain, 2008………...….....………………….11

TABLE 3. Follow-up indicators on R&D in Spain, 2004-2008 ........................................ 12

TABLE 4. Overview of the main project funding agencies in Spain ................................ 13

TABLE 5. GBAORD. Budget for R&D by socio-economic objectives.

Final credits 2008 (thousands Euros) …………………………………………………..……18

TABLE 6. Resources in R&D in Spain according to General Budgets of the State 2008 (thousands Euros)……………….………………………………...……………..18

TABLE 7. Spanish joint programming activities.....................................................................22

TABLE 8 European and International Programs ............................................................ 24

TABLE 9 Joint Programs at European level (with national co-funding) ........................... 26

TABLE 10 Overview of joint programs in Spain .......................................................... 28

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