Johnson Controls
Transcript of Johnson Controls
Hot Water Solutions Hot Water Solutions by Johnson Controlsby Johnson Controls
AgendaAgenda
Heat Pump Solutions What is a heat pump? Control & Sizing Application Benefits
Heat Recovery Solutions What is heat recovery? Control & Sizing Application Benefits
Application Considerations JCI Chiller Solutions End Note
2
Options for improving building efficiencyOptions for improving building efficiency
3
Heat Pump
Specifically designed to provide 100% of heat as hot water Typically 120-180oF (49-82oC)
Control:Compressor capacity is controlled by Leaving
Condenser Water set point
Intent:
Compound Centrifugal (CYK) Chiller
600-2800 Tons(2115-9850 kW)
Heat Recovery
Double Bundle YORK Heat Recovery Chiller
250-2800 Tons (880-9850 kW)
Designed to chill water and provide a percentage of heat as warm water Typically 95-105oF (35-40.5oC)
Control:Compressor capacity is controlled by Leaving
Chilled Water set point
Intent:
4
Heat Pump Systems
What is a Heat Pump?What is a Heat Pump?
5
ASHRAE Handbook (2008):
“A Heat Pump extracts heat from a source and transfers it to a sink at a higher temperature”
“In engineering, however, the term Heat Pump is generally reserved for equipment that heats for beneficial purposes, rather than that which removes heat for cooling only”
System Designs:Air-Source Ground-Source Water-Source
YORK Affinity Series
YORK Geysir Series
YORK Screw Chiller (YS)
What is a Heat Pump? What is a Heat Pump? –– Chiller VaporChiller Vapor--Compression CycleCompression Cycle
6
MotorMotor
Input work
Chiller:Useful work
44F 95F(6.7C) (35C)
EvaporatorEvaporator Heat Pump CondenserHeat Pump Condenser
CompComp
What is a Heat Pump?What is a Heat Pump? –– Refrigerant PRefrigerant P--H DiagramH Diagram
7
Pres
sure
Energy / Enthalpy
Liquid
Line
Vapo
r Lin
e
Evaporator
Input
Cooling
Heat Rejected
1.25 X Evaporator Heat
110F(43.3C)96F(35.6C)
8
Typical Arrangement: “Side-car”
130°F Hot water loop
Chilled water loop
150°F
42°F
Heat PumpHeat Pump
58°F 42°F50°F
150°FBoilerBoiler(54.4°C) (65.6°C)
(65.6°C)
(14.4°C)
(5.6°C)
(10°C) (5.6°C)
Heat Pump Control & SizingHeat Pump Control & Sizing
CH1CH1
CH2CH2
CH3CH3
CHnCHn
Heat Pump BenefitsHeat Pump Benefits
Compliance with Industry Standards & Programs LEED ASHRAE 90.1 (simultaneous heating & cooling)
9
Why use heat pumps?
Social / Environmental Advantages CO2 reductions Reduced water consumption
Economic Advantages Operational savings
Let’s take a closer look at each benefit…
Heat Pump BenefitsHeat Pump Benefits
10
Economic Advantages Operational Savings
Economic Advantages Operational Savings
1 unit
0.35 unit
Heating COP = 1.35 / 0.35 = 3.8Combined COP = 2.35 / 0.35 = 6.7
Comp
Input work
Useful cooling1.35 unit
Useful Heating
Cooling COP = 1.00 / 0.35 = 2.9
150°F42°F(65.6°C)(5.6°C)
MotorMotor
EvaporatorEvaporator Heat Pump CondenserHeat Pump Condenser
CompComp
Cost to produce 10,000 kcal• Natural Gas Water Heater
– 10,000 kcal / 90% efficiency / 8,500 kcal/SCM x Rs.20/SCM = Rs.26.14
• Fuel Oil Water Heater– 10,000 kcal / 90% efficiency / 9,000 kcal/ltr x Rs.35/ltr = Rs.43.20
• Electric Water Heater– 10,000 kcal / 95% efficiency / 860 kcal/hr/kW x Rs.6.00/kW.hr = Rs.73.44
• Heat Pump– 10,000 kcal / 380% efficiency / 860 kcal/hr/kW x Rs.6.00/kW.hr = Rs.18.35– 10,000 kcal / 670% efficiency / 860 kcal/hr/kW x Rs.6.00/kW.hr = Rs.10.41
COPh = 3.8 (no cooling credit)
COPc+h = 6.7 (with cooling credit)
Electric Rs.6.00/kW.hrGas Rs.20/SCM
Heat Pump BenefitsHeat Pump Benefits
12
Social / Environmental Advantages CO2 reductions Reduced water consumption
Social / Environmental Advantages CO2 reductions Reduced water consumption
Natural Gas Boiler(85% efficient)
Heat Pump
A 600 Ton Heat Pump, at a 65% average load, would offset approximately 55,000 MMBTU and would save 1467 Tons of CO2 annually compared to a natural gas boiler.
This is equivalent of removing 244 cars from the road!
13.0 lbs of CO2 per 100,000 BTU
7.7 lbs of CO2 per 100,000 BTU
Heat Pump BenefitsHeat Pump Benefits
13
How much water do we save by not sending it to the cooling tower?
Assuming: Cooling tower consumption per evaporation rate of 1% & blow-down of 0.3% (4 cycles of concentration)3 gpm/ton (0.054 L/s) condenser water flow
Ex: 600 Ton (2110 kW) Heat Pump, with a 65% utilization factor:
Water savings would be 22,500 gallons (85,171 L) per DAY!
Social / Environmental Advantages CO2 reductions Reduced water consumption
Social / Environmental Advantages CO2 reductions Reduced water consumption
14
Heat Recovery Systems
What is Heat Recovery?What is Heat Recovery?
15
ASHRAE Handbook (2008): “In many large buildings, internal heat gains require year-round chiller
operation. The chiller condenser water heat is often wasted through a cooling tower”
“[Heat recovery] uses otherwise wasted heat to provide heat at the higher temperatures required for space heating, reheat, and domestic water heating”
YORK Double Bundle Heat Recovery Chiller
Water-SourceSystem Designs:
Air-Source
Outside Air
Supply Air
Exhaust Air
Return Air
What is Heat Recovery?What is Heat Recovery?
CompressorMotor
Evaporator
Condenser
Expansion Device
Cooling Tower
Adding Energy(Electricity)
Heat Recovery
105 ºF(40.5 ºC)
95 ºF(35 ºC)
54 ºF(12.2 ºC)
44 ºF(6.7 ºC)
105 ºF(40.5 ºC)
95 ºF(35 ºC)
16
What is Heat Recovery?What is Heat Recovery?
17
The cooling load controls the system and the Hot Water temperature is variable.
Heat Recovery
Water Tank
Pre-heat domestic water
storage tank
Supplemental heating (boiler) may be needed to achieve full heat
load
Supplemental heating (boiler) may be needed to achieve full heat
load
YORK Double Bundle Heat Recovery Chiller
18
YORK YORK Heat PumpHeat Pump SolutionsSolutions
YS Screw Heat Pump
Evap Tons 100-330 Tons(350-1160 kW)
Max leaving hot water = 140oF (60oC)
Max Lift = 100oF (37.8oC)
Max heat per unit = 5,300 MBH (1,560 kW)
Simultaneous heating & cooling
Single screw compressor package
Experience InnovationSustainable Solutions
Customer Commitment
19
YORK YORK Heat RecoveryHeat Recovery SolutionsSolutions
YK Centrifugal Heat Recovery
Max leaving hot water = 110oF (43.3oC)
Max Lift = 65oF (18.3oC)
Max heat per unit = 40,000 MBH
(11,725 kW)
Simultaneously Cooling & Heating
Single centrifugal compressor package
Experience InnovationSustainable Solutions
Customer Commitment
Evap Tons 280-2800 Tons(985-9850 kW)
20
Reduce your energy costs today!
With our extensive track record of success, Johnson Controls is well matched to meet your hot water needs by delivering flexible, innovative, and sustainable
equipment for efficient and long lasting operation.