John R. Kasich, Governor Jerry Wray, Director Unmanned...
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10/6/2016 1 Ohio Department of Transportation John R. Kasich, Governor Jerry Wray, Director Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Look Into UAS at ODOT July 2016 Tim Burkholder, PS Mapping Manager Division of Engineering Office of CADD and Mapping Services Kyle Ince, EI Transportation Engineer Division of Engineering Office of CADD and Mapping Services 2 ODOT’s Current Position A Look Into UAS at ODOT Flight Operation Testing Accuracy Assessment ODOT Business Policy Processing Workflow Deliverables Several active COAs LAW-52 and Deer Creek State Park Section 333 Exemption Flying under Part 107
Transcript of John R. Kasich, Governor Jerry Wray, Director Unmanned...
10/6/2016
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Ohio Department of TransportationJohn R. Kasich, Governor Jerry Wray, Director
Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Look Into UAS at ODOT
July 2016
Tim Burkholder, PSMapping Manager
Division of EngineeringOffice of CADD and Mapping Services
Kyle Ince, EITransportation EngineerDivision of Engineering
Office of CADD and Mapping Services
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ODOT’s Current Position
A Look Into UAS at ODOT
Flight Operation TestingAccuracy Assessment
ODOT Business Policy
Processing WorkflowDeliverables
Several active COAsLAW-52 and Deer Creek State Park
Section 333 Exemption
Flying under Part 107
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ODOT’s Current Platform:SenseFly eBee RTK
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Weight = 1.61 lb including camera
Wingspan = 38 in.
Material = EPP foam, carbonstructure & composite parts
Propulsion = Electric pusher propeller, 160 W brushless DC motor
Battery = 11.1 V, 2150 mAh
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SenseFly eBee RTK
HardwareConnects directly into the CORS RTK network for survey grade accuracy and real time corrections. (L1/L2, GPS and GLONASS)
3 cm horizontal and 5 cm vertical accuracy without ground control pts.*
Canon WX (18.2 MP) auto-triggering camera
40 min. max flight timeDuring the duration of this presentation the eBee RTK can map a 4.5 square mile area (lowest resolution at the highest altitude)
More typical flight 50 acres (2.5 cm per pixel) in less than 10 minutes*
*Perpendicular flight lines
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SenseFly eBee RTK
SoftwareeMotion
Flight Planning and Control Software
Postflight Terra 3D Pix4DProfessional Photogrammetry Software
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Planning Allows user to use 3D mission planning to plan the perfect flight.
Simulation Puts the perfect flight plan to the test in 3D with the UAS safely on the ground.
Monitoring and ControlUsing the same interface the operator can control and monitor the UAS in flight
eMotion
Flight Planning and Control Software
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Postflight Terra 3D
Check in the FieldProvides a quick quality report in the field to insure proper coverage and accuracy
Generate Orthos, 3D models & Point Clouds
Creates deliverables directly into the remote sensing workflow. (.las and georeferenced tiff images)
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Remote Sensing Deliverables
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Orthomosiac Raster
3D Point Cloud in .las format
DSM in a geoTIFF
3D Textured Mesh
Contours
Imagery in .tif format
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ODOT Best Practices and Workflow
Planning Simulation Site Preparation
Flight Operations
Processing and
Deliverables
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Planning
Site ReconnaissanceObstacles
Trees
Utilities
Airports
Safe Zones
Primary and Alternate Landing Sites
Access Control
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Simulation
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Site Preparation
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Ground Truth
Day of Flight ConditionsObstacles
Weather
Site Access
Internet Connection
Line of Sight
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Flight Operations
Pre-flight checksAirframe Condition
Wings, Propeller, Pitot Tube, Ground Proximity Sensor, Batteries, Camera, etc.
Crew Briefing on Operations
Flight Plan UploadCheck parameters, set landing point, etc.
Document Operations and variables
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Flight
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Post Flight
PAPERWORK!!!!!Flight, Resolution
Altitude, Battery Voltage
Flight Time, Wind
Data checkOverlap
Sidelap
Photo Quality
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Data Downloading and Processing
DownloadingFlight Data Logs
Command module (computer)
UAS on-board log
Images
Meta Data InfusingGeo-tagging Images
Writing header information
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Structure from MotionStructure from Motion is a photogrammetric technique used to estimate 3D structures with 2D photos.
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Structure from Motion
Similar to how stereo vision works3D LiDAR and Imagery
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Camera Captures Overlapping Images
while in Motion
Software Identifies and Matches Thousands of
Keypoints
Photogrammetry Extracts Geometry to
Calculate Pixel Positioning
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Final Processing
Software PackagesPostFlight Terra 3D, Pix4D, Agisoft, and Context Capture
InputsControl (Ground Truth)
Geotagged Images
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Ground Control
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Deliverable Creation
Point cloudExported in multiple formats
Example .las
OrthophotoExported in google tiles and geotiff
Textured MeshMeshed surface with the orthophoto referenced
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Deliverable Creation Continued
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Orthophoto
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Deer Creek TestOutlined area was tested against our manned aircraft & topographic surveying using a total station.
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Deer Creek TestFlight @ 353.5 AGL 60% Lateral & 75% Longitudinal Overlap
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Flight @ 235.4 AGL 60% Lateral & 75% Longitudinal Overlap
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Deer Creek Test
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Flight @ 353.5 AGL 60% Lateral & 75% Longitudinal Overlap
Combined Flights @ 353.5 and 235.4
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Pros vs. Cons
ProsAffordability
Compared to conventional data collection
Accessibility (except over live traffic)
Safety Removes human interaction from dangerous situations
Field to finish capabilities
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Pros vs. Cons
ConsAccuracy
Determining viability
Inability to traverse live traffic
Specialized training
Liability Issues
Black-Box type Software
Enormous amounts of data
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Limitations with Photography
Inability to triangulate key points across waterPhotogrammetric problem
Structure from Motion without the motionObjects can’t move within photos
Example vegetation
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Camera Variables
When choosing a camera:Megapixels are not the most important part
Fixed Focal Length***
Stable photographyFast exposure times with less image blur
Metric lens
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Platforms
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Sensors
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eBee Plus
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ODOT Moving Forward
Reviewing FAA guidelines to evaluate ODOT safety and policy needs that will need to be required above FAA regulations (i.e. may require additional observers, liability insurance, develop additional privacy policies, public notifications, etc.)
Once all specifications and policies are in place, will develop prequalification process for contractors and consultants
Will evaluate program expansion to DOT District Survey OfficesAs well as expansion to other business areas within ODOT
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Hurdles with the Start of a UAS Program
Waviers and Regulations
Rogue OperatorsOver 583 UAS sightings reported by pilots in the last 6 months
Latest Report by the FAA Aug-2015 Jan-2016
Halted firefighting operations in California wildfires
Preparing the Proper Workflow and Safety Plan
Deciding and Evaluating a PlatformSensors and Airframe
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Ohio Contacts/ Information for UAS
Indiana/Ohio UAS Center and Test Complex:
http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/uas/Pages/default.aspx
Ohio Department of Transportation:
http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Engineering/CaddMapping/Survey/Pages/UnmannedAerialVehicles.aspx
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Questions?
Tim Burkholder, P.S.Mapping Manager
Kyle Ince, EITransportation [email protected]
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