John Marshall & the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court & the Federalists

• Marshall was the 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

• One of the “Midnight Judges” (Federal judges appointed by Adams during the final hours of his presidency.

• Federalists try to “stack” court.• Marbury v. Madison: Established judicial review

& stated that the Supreme Court can interpret laws & declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

Bank of the United States

National Bank• Hamilton & Federalists want a national bank• Why? Issue federal money and handle tax receipts• Forged alliance between gov’t & wealthy business

interests• How? Hamilton gets Congress to agree to bank under

elastic clause• Anti-Federalists are against bank• Hamilton agrees to move capital to Washington D.C. &

pay off all states’ debts• Leads to two-party system (Federalists vs.

Democratic-Republicans)