John Locke

Patriarchalism

King

Subject

Husband

Wife

Master

Slave

From Jefferson’s Original Draft of the Declaration of Independence

“He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of distant people, who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian king of Great Britain. Determined to keep open a market where Men should be bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished dye, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them by murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crime committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another.”

Article I, Section 2

“Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.”

Article I, Section 9

“The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight….”

Article IV, Section 2

“No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.”

John Murray, Earl Dunmore

General Sir Henry Clinton

John Laurens

Black Loyalist Troops in Virginia

Member of the Royal Ethiopian

Regiment (detail from

Copley’s Death of Major Peirson)

Commendation of James

Armistead from Lafayette

1783 Request for Compensation for Loss of Slave

Copy of the Rhode Island

Gradual Emancipation

Law, 1784

Certificate of Freedom, New

York,1814

Northern Gradual EmancipationState 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860

Connecticut 2,648 951 310 97 25 54N/A N/A

Massachusetts 0 0 0 0 0 0N/A N/A

New Hampshire 157 8 0 0 0 0N/A N/A

New Jersey 11,423 12,422 10,851 7,557 2,254 674 236 18

New York 21,193 20,613 15,017 10,088 75 4N/A N/A

Pennsylvania 3,707 1,706 795 211 403 64N/A N/A

Rhode Island 958 380 108 48 17 5N/A N/A

Vermont 0 0 0 0 0 0N/A N/A

Total 40,086 36,080 27,081 18,001 2,774 801 236 18

Absalom Jones

Sir Guy Carleton

Richard Allen

Toussaint Louverture