Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and...
Transcript of Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and...
![Page 1: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF
Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang
A Material Point Method
for snow and avalanche mechanics
GRAPHYS, Grenoble, 26-27 October 2019
![Page 2: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acknowledgments
Dr. Ted Gast
Prof. Joseph Teran
Prof. Chenfanfu Jiang
Dr. Alec van Herwijnen
Stephanie Wang
Dr. Xingyue Li
Lars Blatny
Bertil Trottet
Princess Elsa of
Arendelle
![Page 3: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ContextProcesses of dry-snow slab avalanche release
Flow
Adapted from Schweizer et al., (2016)
![Page 4: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ContextProcesses of dry-snow slab avalanche release
Flow
DEM
FBM
FEM FEM
FV
Adapted from Schweizer et al., (2016)
DEM
FEM
DEM
CAM
?
![Page 5: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ContextProcesses of dry-snow slab avalanche release
Flow
Adapted from Schweizer et al., (2016)
NO UNIFIED APPROACH
DEM
FBM
FEM
FV
DEM
FEM
DEM
CAM
?
FEM
![Page 6: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Context: Another challengeVolumetric collapse of the weak layer
Field experiments:
The Propagation Saw Test (PST)
van Herwijnen, Gaume, Bair, Reuter, Birkeland, Schweizer (2016).
Journal of Glaciology
![Page 7: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Context: Another challengeVolumetric collapse of the weak layer
2D DEM modeling: onset and
dynamics of crack propagation
Field experiments:
The Propagation Saw Test (PST)
Gaume et al. (2015) – Gaume et al. (2017). The Cryosphere
van Herwijnen, Gaume, Bair, Reuter, Birkeland, Schweizer (2016).
Journal of Glaciology
![Page 8: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Context: Another challengeVolumetric collapse of the weak layer
2D DEM modeling: onset and
dynamics of crack propagation
Field experiments:
The Propagation Saw Test (PST)
Gaume et al. (2015) – Gaume et al. (2017). The Cryosphere
van Herwijnen, Gaume, Bair, Reuter, Birkeland, Schweizer (2016).
Journal of Glaciology
NO RELEVANT CONSTITUTIVE
MODEL INCLUDING “COLLAPSE”
![Page 9: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
![Page 10: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
![Page 11: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
1. A hybrid
numerical method
![Page 12: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
2. A snow
model
1. A hybrid
numerical method
![Page 13: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
2. A snow
model
3. A weak layer
model
1. A hybrid
numerical method
© ASARC
![Page 14: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A hybrid numerical methodThe Material Point Method (hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian)
Momentum balance equation
Adapted from Stomakhin et al. (2013), SIGGRAPH and
Gaume et al. (2018). Nature Communications, 9(1), 3047
![Page 15: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A hybrid numerical methodThe Material Point Method (hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian)
Momentum balance equation
Adapted from Stomakhin et al. (2013), SIGGRAPH and
Gaume et al. (2018). Nature Communications, 9(1), 3047
![Page 16: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A snow mechanical modelWhat do we want?
1. A mixed-mode yield surface (tension, shear, compression)
2. Hardening in compression (promoting compaction)
3. Softening in tension (promoting fracture)
► Fracture
(softening)
► Compaction
(hardening)
![Page 17: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
q
elastic
non admissible
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
𝝉 = 𝐶: 𝝐
p
Yield surface:
Stress invariants:
Associative flow rule:
Simo and Meschke 1993
elastic right Cauchy-Green
strain tensorLie derivative plastic right Cauchy-Green
strain tensor
![Page 18: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
p0
• p0: compressive strength
q
p
![Page 19: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
-bp0 p0
• p0: compressive strength
• bp0: tensile strength (COHESION)
q
p
![Page 20: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
-bp0 p0
M
• p0: compressive strength
• bp0: tensile strength (COHESION)
• M: slope of the Critical State Line (FRICTION)
q
p
![Page 21: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 22: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 23: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 24: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 25: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
stress
strain
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
![Page 26: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 27: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 28: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 29: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
stress
strain
q
p
![Page 30: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
A good snow mechanical model2. Snow simulations
Ref: Gaume, Gast, Teran, van Herwijnen, Jiang. Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow
using large strain continuum elastoplasticity. Under review
![Page 31: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
A weak layer mechanical modelWhat do we want?
1. A mixed-mode yield surface (tension, shear, compression)
2. Softening and collapse under mixed-mode shear-compression loading
3. Frictional behavior after collapse
© ASARC
![Page 32: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
-bp0 p0
M
• p0: compressive strength
• bp0: tensile strength (COHESION)
• M: slope of the Critical State Line (FRICTION)
A weak layer mechanical model
q
p
![Page 33: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
A weak layer mechanical model
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 34: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
A weak layer mechanical model
SOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 35: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
A good weak layer mechanical model
SOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 36: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
A good weak layer mechanical model
stress
strainSOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
![Page 37: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
A good weak layer mechanical model
q
p
![Page 38: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
A good weak layer mechanical model3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
q
p
![Page 39: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
A good weak layer mechanical model3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
q
p
![Page 40: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
stress
strain
A good weak layer mechanical model3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
q
p
![Page 41: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Application to avalanche releasePropagation Saw Test on a 37°slope
![Page 42: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Application to avalanche releasePropagation Saw Test on the flat
![Page 43: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Application to avalanche releasePropagation Saw Test with crack branching
![Page 44: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
2D remote avalanche triggering
![Page 45: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
2D remote avalanche triggering
![Page 46: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
slab fractures
crack tip in
the weak layer
« shooting cracks »
2D remote avalanche triggering
Crack propagation speed
![Page 47: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
3D remote avalanche triggering
Crack propagation speed
![Page 48: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
3D remote avalanche triggering
Crack propagation speed
![Page 49: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
MPM simulations of snow microstructure
PhD Thesis of
Lars Blatny
![Page 50: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Crack propagation
PhD Thesis of
Bertil Trottet
![Page 51: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Crack propagation
PhD Thesis of
Bertil Trottet
![Page 52: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamics
PostDoc
research of
Dr. Xingyue Li
More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamics
M(1+b) = 0.5
M(1+b) = 0.65
M(1+b) = 1.95
M(1+b) = 3
![Page 53: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamicsM(1+b) = 0.225 M(1+b) = 0.75 M(1+b) = 0.945
![Page 54: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamics
![Page 55: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
ConclusionFlow
Avalanche
dynamics
4
Slab releaseCrack propagationFailure initiation
Sliding of the
slab
Dynamic crack
propagation
Onset of crack
propagationCrack
formationDamage
process
microscale (mm – dm) mesoscale (dm – 1 m) macroscale (10 m – 100 m) scale
adapted from Schweizer et al. (2016)
![Page 56: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
OutlookCurrent work
Snow-tire
interaction by Stephanie Wang
(collab. SLAB x UCLA x UPenn)
Glacier calving
(collab SLAB x UPenn x UZH)
![Page 57: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Do you have any questions?
Thanks for your attention!