JMDI Local Authorities' Practices Inception Report (2012.07.27)

8/10/2019 JMDI Local Authorities' Practices Inception Report (2012.07.27)

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ECUN JECUN JOINTOINTMM IGRATIONIGRATIONANDANDDDEVELOPMENTEVELOPMENT IINITIATIVENITIATIVE

MMAPPINGAPPINGANDANDANALYSISANALYSISOFOF LOCALLOCAL AUTHORITIESAUTHORITIES PRACTICESPRACTICES

Inception Report (27 July 2012)

Daniel Naujoks and Christian Privat

A. Introduction and Objective

ocal !evelop"ent an! local authorities

Over the a!t "ne#and#a#ha$ de%ade!& the 'a(n a%t"r! (n the )ed "$ deve"*'ent

%""*erat("n have (n%rea!ed $r"' "n+ three %ate,"r(e!-na'e+& '.t(atera&

/(atera and NGO a%t"r!-t" a '.t(t.de "$ ne0 a%t"r!& !.%h a! "%a and

re,("na ,"vern'ent!& the *r(vate !e%t"r& $".ndat("n!& entre*rene.r!& .n("n!&

.n(ver!(t(e! and "ther!12 Th(! ha! %"ntr(/.ted t" a n"ta/e %han,e t"0ard

de'and#/a!ed& rather than !.**+#/a!ed %""*erat("n a%t(v(t(e!13

The ('*"rtan%e "$ the "%a eve (! e%h"ed a%r"!! the /"ard /+ 'an+(n!t(t.t("n! %"n%erned 0(th deve"*'ent1 At the eve "$ the E.r"*ean Un("n

4EU5& the r"e "$ "%a ,"vern'ent! ha! /een '"re $.+ re%",n(6ed d.r(n, the

3778 rev(!("n "$ the C"t"n". A,ree'ent19In the 3722 A,enda $"r Chan,e& the

EU a('! :t" 0"r; '"re %"!e+ 0(th the *r(vate !e%t"r& $".ndat("n!& %(v( !"%(et+

and "%a and re,("na a.th"r(t(e! a! the(r r"e (n deve"*'ent ,r"0!:1The *.r*"!e "$ "%a e%"n"'(% deve"*'ent 4LED5 (! t" /.(d .* the

e%"n"'(% %a*a%(t+ "$ a "%a area t" ('*r"ve (t! e%"n"'(% $.t.re& and t" ('*r"ve

the .a(t+ "$ ($e $"r a1 It (! a *r"%e!! /+ 0h(%h *./(%& /.!(ne!! and n"n#

,"vern'enta !e%t"r *artner! 0"r; %"e%t(ve+ t" %reate /etter %"nd(t("n! $"r

e%"n"'(% ,r"0th and e'*"+'ent ,enerat("n1? It (! $".nd that "%a

,"vern'ent! have an e!!ent(a r"e (n %reat(n, $av"ra/e env(r"n'ent! $"r

/.!(ne!! !.%%e!! and "/ %reat("n1 T" d" th(! "*t('a+& LED (! .nderta;en

thr".,h *artner!h(*! /et0een "%a ,"vern'ent& /.!(ne!! and %"''.n(t+

(ntere!t!1

#i$ration an! !evelop"ent

In the a!t t0" de%ade!& the deve"*'ent ee%t and *"tent(a "$ '(,rant! ha!/e%"'e an (n%rea!(n,+ ('*"rtant and %"herent )ed (n e%"n"'(% and !"%(a

!%(en%e re!ear%h1 It! !(,n()%an%e ha! n"t "n+ /een h(,h(,hted (n a ,r"0(n,

/"d+ "$ (nternat("na re!ear%h (terat.re& /.t a!" (n *./(%at("n! /+ (nternat("na

"r,an(6at("n! and (n!t(t.t("n!1 The 0(der v(e0 "$ '(,rat("n a! a deve"*'ent t""

(! !.**"rted /+ the (n%rea!(n, (n%.!("n "$ '(,rat("n a!*e%t! (n %".ntr(e!

P"vert+ Red.%t("n Strate,+ Pa*er!& "r PRSP!1

De*end(n, "n the %"n%e*t.a(6at("n& there are $".r !ta,e! "$ '(,rat("n

that 'a+ have deve"*'enta ee%t!1 The )r!t (! e'(,rat("n1 The !e%"nd

%"n!(!t! "$ the (ntera%t("n! /et0een the '(,rant! and the h"'eand d.r(n, the'(,rant! !ta+ a/r"ad-!"#%aed d(a!*"ra "*t("n!1 The th(rd !ta,e %"'*r(!e!

event.a ret.rn '(,rat("n& and the $".rth and a!t (! re#'(,rat("n& th.! !tart(n,

the %"n%e*t.a %(r%e a capo1B

I!!.e! reated t" ".t#'(,rat("n& "r e'(,rat("n& are h(,h+ d(!*.ted1 @e!t

;n"0n (n th(! %"ntet (! the ea'*e "$ /ra(n dra(n& .nder!t""d a! the

e'(,rat("n "$ a !(6ea/e n.'/er "$ the /e!t and /r(,hte!t& 0h(%h de*ete! the

%".ntr+ "$ "r(,(n "$ (t! taent1 H"0ever& th(! (! "n+ "ne *"!!(/e ee%t e'(,rat("n

'a+ have1 It ha! /een ar,.ed that e,a and !a$e e'(,rat("n& t",ether 0(th *re#

de*art.re tra(n(n, 0( have the /e!t ee%t! "n '(,rant!& the(r %".ntr(e! and

re,("n! "$ "r(,(n& a! 0e a! "n the %".ntr(e! "$ tran!(t and de!t(nat("n1

=h(e '(,rant! $r"' a ,(ven %".ntr+ are a/r"ad& the %".ntr+ "$ "r(,(n 'a+

/ene)t (n 'an+ 0a+!1 A%t(v(t(e! /+ d(a!*"ra a%t"r! 'a+ have d(re%t&

8C"n%.!("n! "$ the F(r!t ="rd F"r.' "$ L"%a Deve"*'ent A,en%(e! 437225& 'erritory Economyan Local ,overnance: -e .iepoints of 'imes of !hange& *1 9B1

The ="rd @an; 43775& LED uic3 Reference ,uie1

I/(d1

B See Na.";! 437235& +igration !iti4enship an Development& O$"rd Un(ver!(t+

Pre!!1

LL&!AL&!ALAAU'(&RI'IE)U'(&RI'IE)* +* +I,RA'I&-I,RA'I&-A-DA-DDDE.EL&P+E-'E.EL&P+E-'PPRA!'I!E)RA!'I!E)/I/I-!EP'I&--!EP'I&-RREP&R'EP&R'


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(nter'ed(ar+ "r (nd(re%t ee%t! "n the deve"*'ent "$ the !".r%e %".ntr+1 D(re%t

ee%t! !te' $r"' a%t(v(t(e!& (ntera%t("n and (nv"ve'ent that d(re%t+ ae%t the

!".r%e %".ntr+! deve"*'ent1 The '"!t $a'".! ea'*e! are re'(tt(n, and

(nve!t(n,1 Inter'ed(ar+ ee%t! are ee%t! /+ 0h(%h d(a!*"ra 'e'/er! a%t a!

a,ent! $"r %""*erat("n /et0een th(rd *art(e! and a%t"r! (n the(r h"'e %".ntr+1

Ind(re%t ee%t! are even $.rther re'"ved $r"' d(re%t a%t("n! and a%t(v(t(e! "$

d(a!*"ra a%t"r!1 The ent(re d(a!*"ra %"''.n(t+ 4"r !(,n()%ant *art! "$ (t5 %an

/r(n, a %han,e (n the !".r%e %".ntr+! *er%e*t("n and a**re%(at("n1 Th(! (! "$ten

re$erred t" a! the /rand(n, va.e "$ '(,rant!1 Th(! ;(nd "$ d(a!*"ra

eterna(t(e! '(,ht have *"!(t(ve ee%t! $"r e%"n"'(% %""*erat("n and

(nve!t'ent1

F"r the *re!ent re!ear%h& d(re%t ee%t! /+ '(,rant! are "$ *art(%.ar (ntere!t1 The

'"!t ('*"rtant 0a+! /+ 0h(%h d(a!*"ra a%t"r! %an d(re%t+ ae%t the(r h"'e

%".ntr+! deve"*'ent (n%.de re'(tt(n, '"ne+& (nve!t(n,& ,ett(n, (nv"ved (n

trade "r *h(anthr"*(% *r"e%t!& tran!$err(n, ;n"0ed,e& and /r(n,(n, !"%(a%han,e (n the %".ntr+ "r (t! /.rea.%ra%+1

Prev(".! re!ear%h %"''(!!("ned /+ the JMDI %"n)r'ed e(!t(n, re!ear%h

a%%"rd(n, t" 0h(%h '(,rant! have the *"tent(a t" %"ntr(/.te !(,n()%ant+ t"

!"%(a and e%"n"'(% deve"*'ent (n /"th& h"!t and h"'e %".ntr+127It 0a! $".nd

that $".r the'at(% 0(nd"0! 0ere *art(%.ar+ ('*"rtant t" a!!e!! '(,rant!

%"ntr(/.t("n! and reated *"(%(e!1

#i$rants% re"ittances are re%",n(6ed t" /e a ver+ !(,n()%ant %hanne

thr".,h 0h(%h d(a!*"ra! %"ntr(/.te t" "%a deve"*'ent and *"vert+aev(at("n (n the(r %".ntr(e! "$ "r(,(n1 P"(%(e! and *r"e%t! %an a(' at the(r

$a%((tat("n& red.%t("n "$ tran!$er %"!t!& and the(r *r"d.%t(ve (nve!t'ent1

#i$rant co""unities are the /(nd(n, ee'ent "$ the '(,rat("n and

deve"*'ent ne.!1 S"(d tran!nat("na net0"r;! "$ '(,rant! %"''.n(t(e!

%an !erve t" evera,e the ;n"0ed,e and *er%e*t("n! "$ '(,rant! and

d(a!*"ra 'e'/er!& the(r e*er(en%e! and v(e0!& th.! %reat(n, *"!(t(ve

!+ner,(e! t" .nderta;e deve"*'ent (n(t(at(ve!1 In th(! re,ard& (n(t(at(ve! %an

atte'*t t" %a*(ta(6e "n d(a!*"ra *r"$e!!("na net0"r;! and "ther '(,rant

%"''.n(t(e! a! (n!t(t.t("na(6ed *a+er!1

#i$rants% capacities%an /e harne!!ed $"r deve"*'ent (n %".ntr(e! "$

"r(,(n& !.**"rt t" the(r *r"$e!!("na and !"%("#e%"n"'(% re(nte,rat("n&

'(t(,at("n "$ /ra(n dra(n& et%1 Th(! (n%.de! (nd(v(d.a! human capital

4ed.%at("n& tra(n(n,& !;(! and ;n"0ed,e5& 5nancial an entrepreneurial

capital 4F"re(,n Deve"*'ent Inve!t'ent!& trade& re'(ttan%e!& !av(n,!& !tart#

.* "$ /.!(ne!! (nve!t'ent!& *.r%ha!e "$ rea e!tate and h.'an(tar(an

I6i1& Cha*ter 91

27JMDI 437225 hand/""; +igration for Development: A 7ottom8Up Approach1



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!.**"rt5& social capital 4net0"r;!& n"r'! and va.e! that $a%((tate

%""*erat("n 0(th(n and a'"n, ,r".*!5& a9ective capital 4%"''(t'ent and

,""d#0( der(v(n, $r"' the e'"t("na en,a,e'ent (n h"'e %".ntr(e!5 and

local capital 40((n,ne!! t" (nve!tKa%t (n %erta(n re,("n!& 0h(%h "ther0(!e

0".d /e "ver"";ed5122

#i$rants% ri$hts.nder*(n and re(n$"r%e the *"!(t(ve (n;a,e! that %an /e

'ade /et0een '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent1 Pr"te%t("n "$ '(,rant r(,ht!& /"th

(n %".ntr(e! "$ "r(,(n 4*r("r de*art.re5 and "$ de!t(nat("n (! "$ $.nda'enta

('*"rtan%e t" rea(6(n, (t! $. *"tent(a1 Pr"e%t! %an (n *art(%.ar *r"'"te

'(,rant! r(,ht!& enhan%e the(r a**(%at("n& and (n%rea!e the *r"te%t("n "$

v.nera/e '(,rant!1

ocal authorities& "i$ration an! !evelop"ent

S(n%e 377B& the European !ommissionUnite -ations ;oint +igration anDevelopment Initiative4JMDI5 ha! $.nded '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent (n(t(at(ve!

$r"' %(v( !"%(et+ "r,an(6at("n! (n 2 tar,et %".ntr(e!123 The *r",ra''e a!"

0"r;ed "n 425 !ett(n, .* and re(n$"r%(n, net0"r;! "$ a%t"r! 0"r;(n, "n '(,rat("n

and deve"*'ent and 435 (dent($+(n, ,""d *ra%t(%e! and !har(n, (n$"r'at("n "n

0hat a%t.a+ 0"r;! at (nternat("na eve a'"n, th"!e 0h" are a%t(ve (n th(!

)ed 0(th a v(e0 t" 495 $eed(n, (nt" *"(%+#'a;(n, "n '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent1

The )nd(n,! "$ the JMDI !h"0 that the ee%t(vene!! "$ '(,rat("n and

deve"*'ent a%t(v(t(e! ar,e+ de*end! "n the (dent()%at("n and e!ta/(!h'ent

"$ !trate,(% *artner!h(*! /et0een %(v( !"%(et+ "r,an(6at("n! and ,"vern'ent! atde%entra(6ed eve!1 The '"!t !.%%e!!$. and !.!ta(na/e '(,rat("n and

deve"*'ent (ntervent("n! (dent()ed /+ the JMDI are th"!e 0(th !tr"n,

an%h"ra,e 0(th the "%a ,"vern'ent! (n %".ntr(e! "$ "r(,(n and de!t(nat("n& (n

(ne 0(th the e!!ent(a "%a#t"#"%a d('en!("n "$ the '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent

ne.!1 =hen "%a a.th"r(t(e! !hare a %"''"n v(!("n 0(th %(v( !"%(et+ *artner!&

the+ deve"* a !en!e "$ "0ner!h(* "ver *r"e%t! that ead the' t" %"''(t t('e&

ener,+ and re!".r%e!& 0h(%h ee%t(ve+ %"ntr(/.te t" the !.%%e!! and

!.!ta(na/((t+ "$ an MD (n(t(at(ve1

Th(! (n;a,e (! a the '"re ('*"rtant a! the dr(ver! and ('*a%t "$

'(,rat("n are "$ten '"!t !tr"n,+ $et at the "%a eve& /e (t (n ter'! "$ ee%t!

"n the "%a a/"r 'ar;et& the !(6e and de'",ra*h(% "$ the "%a *"*.at("n& "r

the need $"r *./(% !erv(%e *r"v(!("n1 Th(! (! 0h+ *r"v(n%e! and "%a a.th"r(t(e!

are !trate,(% eve! "$ ,"vern'ent! t" /e (nv"ved& 'a;(n, %"n!.tat("n! and

a,ree'ent 0(th !./#nat("na eve! "$ ,"vern'ent! *art(%.ar+ ('*"rtant $"r

%(v( !"%(et+1

22IOM& En,a,(n, D(a!*"ra! a! Deve"*'ent Partner! $"r H"'e and De!t(nat("n C".ntr(e!Chaen,e! $"r P"(%+'a;er!1 IOM M(,rat("n Re!ear%h Ser(e!& N13& 3771

23The!e 2 tar,et %".ntr(e! 0ere A,er(a& Ca*e Verde& E%.ad"r& E,+*t& Eth("*(a& Ge"r,(a& Ghana&Ja'a(%a& Ma(& M"d"va& M"r"%%"& N(,er(a& the Ph((**(ne!& Sene,a& Sr( Lan;a and T.n(!(a1



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A! !*e%()% re!ear%h %"''(!!("ned /+ JMDI de'"n!trate!& there are

!evera "%a a.th"r(t(e! *ra%t(%e! that !ee; t" harne!! the deve"*'ent

*"tent(a "$ '(,rant!129H"0ever& the %"nd.%ted re!ear%h !h"0! that the e(!t(n,

;n"0ed,e and .nder!tand(n, "$ !.%h *ra%t(%e! (! ver+ ('(ted1

=h(e there ha! /een (n%rea!ed e%han,e "$ /e!t *ra%t(%e! and (dea! atthe (nternat("na eve& inter alia thr".,h the G"/a F"r.' "n M(,rat("n and

Deve"*'ent 4GFMD5 and re,("na %"n!.tat(ve *r"%e!!e! 4RCP!5& "%a

a.th"r(t(e! ,enera+ 0"r; (n (!"at("n and have ('(ted *"!!(/((t(e! $"r e%han,e

and a%%e!! t" (n$"r'at("n a/".t 0hat (! ha**en(n, e!e0here1

'he secon! phase o J#DI

The *rev(".! a%t(v(t(e! "r,an(6ed /+ the JMDI reveaed that& (n ,enera ter'!&

"%a ,"vern'ent! have n"t re%e(ved the !a'e eve "$ attent("n a! "ther

!ta;eh"der!& 0h(e the(r (nv"ve'ent and *"tent(a ('*a%t "n the %"nne%t("n!

/et0een '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent (! %r.%(a1 S.%%e!!$. (ntervent("n! "$ "%a

a.th"r(t(e! are e!!ent(a+ the re!.t! "$ tr(a and err"r *r"%e!!e! and are .(te

"$ten (n!.%(ent+ (n!t(t.t("na(6ed& 0h(%h .nder'(ne! the(r !.!ta(na/((t+1 L"%a

a.th"r(t(e! a!" have an ('*"rtant *r"/e' "$ %a*a%(t+ t" ee%t(ve+ (n;

'(,rat("n and deve"*'ent at "%a eve& and t" en,a,e (n 'ean(n,$.

*artner!h(*! 0(th reevant %(v( !"%(et+ a%t"r!1 F.rther'"re& the+ have ver+ $e0

"**"rt.n(t(e! t" earn $r"' "ther "%a a.th"r(t(e! a%%"'*(!h'ent!1 In th(!

%"ntet& there (! a need t" !.**"rt the tran!nat("na (n;! /et0een the ar,e

d(ver!(t+ "$ "%a a%t"r! 0h" are en,a,ed (n '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent

(ntervent("n!1A,a(n!t th(! /a%;,r".nd& !tart(n, (n the end "$ 3723& the JMDI a('! at

('*e'ent(n, a%t(v(t(e! de!(,ned t" !*e%()%a+ tar,et "%a a.th"r(t(e!& a! 0e

a! %(v( !"%(et+ "r,an(6at("n! that have a !ta;e (n "%a deve"*'ent and

'(,rat("n (!!.e!1 The!e a%t(v(t(e! 0( /e $.nded "ver three +ear! /+ the

E.r"*ean C"''(!!("n and the S0(!! Deve"*'ent C""*erat("n A,en%+2


6/29

ocal L"%a a.th"r(t(e! L"%a NGO!KCSO! L"%a /.!(ne!!e! L"%a!tren,th!K0ea;ne!!e!Ket%1

National

In!t(t.t("na $ra'e0"r;$"r

'(,rat("n deve"*'ent de%entra(6at("n Nat("na NGO!KCSO!#

+lo*al

D(a!*"ra a%t"r! @(atera (nt1 %""*erat("n H"r(6"nta (nt1 %""*erat("n

4"%a#t"#"%a5 Int1 NGO!KCSO! Int1 "r,an(6at("n!

the "%a eve& th(! ha! t" ta;e (nt" a%%".nt the (n!t(t.t("na and re,.at"r+

$ra'e0"r; at the nat("na eve& and !ta;eh"der! and a%t"r! $r"' the re,("na

and nat("na !*here1 Th.!& the 'a**(n, 0( ta;e (nt" a%%".nt the eve! "$

de%entra(6at("n and )!%a re!".r%e! "$ "%a a.th"r(t(e! that d(re%t+ ('*a%t the(r

a/((t+ t" ('*e'ent the a!!e!!ed (n(t(at(ve!1 The !t.d+ 0( a!" !hed (,ht "n the

(n; /et0een the nat("na and the "%a eve 4vert(%a d('en!("n5 a! 0e a! the

"%a#t"#"%a d('en!("n 4h"r(6"nta d('en!("n51 In add(t("n& !evera (nternat("na

!ta;eh"der! 'atter $"r !.%h *ra%t(%e!& na'e+ '(,rant! and '(,rant!

"r,an(6at("n!& a%t"r! "$ (nternat("na deve"*'ent %""*erat("n& at the nat("na

and the "%a#t"#"%a eve& a! 0e a! (nternat("na "r,an(6at("n!1 Th(!

en.'erat("n "$ (nv"ved a%t"r! (! n"t eha.!t(ve& /.t ev(den%e! the %"'*e and

'.t(#!ta;eh"der! %"ntet "$ the !t.d+1

The "/e%t(ve "$ the !t.d+ (! t" !.**"rt the JMDI t" 'a* and ana+6e '(,rat("nand deve"*'ent *ra%t(%e! "$ "%a a.th"r(t(e!& e!*e%(a+ th"!e .nderta;en (n

*artner!h(* 0(th %(v( !"%(et+ "r,an(6at("n!1 Th(! (n%.de! an a!!e!!'ent "$ the

tra(n(n, need! "$ "%a a.th"r(t(e! t" !.%%e!!$.+ (n(t(ate& ('*e'ent and

eva.ate '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent (n(t(at(ve!1

The )nd(n,! "$ th(! 'a**(n, 0( !.**"rt JMDI (n (t! net *r"e%t *ha!e t"

(dent($+ .* t" ten *r"e%t! "r (n(t(at(ve! that %".d /e enhan%ed and !%aed .*

thr".,h add(t("na $.nd(n,1

Th(! (n%e*t("n re*"rt (! !tr.%t.red a! $""0!



7/29

A1 Intro!uction an! o*jective& 0h(%h *re!ent! the (n;! /et0een "%a

deve"*'ent and "%a a.th"r(t(e!& the (n;! /et0een '(,rat("n and

deve"*'ent& the (n;! /et0een "%a a.th"r(t(e!& the !e%"nd *ha!e "$

JMDI& and the "/e%t(ve "$ the !t.d+1

@1 #etho!olo$ical ra"e,ork&0h(%h *r"v(de! de)n(t("n! $"r !"'e ;e+

%"n%e*t!& e*a(n! the 'a(n *ha!e! "$ (n.(r+& ea/"rate! ea%h *ha!e

"$ the !t.d+ 0(th the reevant re!ear%h 'eth"d"",+ .!ed1

C- .ork Plan an! or$ani/ation o ,ork-

D1 i"itations& risks an! possi*le constraints-

nne 1 Cr(ter(a $"r the !ee%t("n "$ $"%.! %".ntr(e!

nne 2 .e!t("n! $"r !e'(#!tr.%t.red (nterv(e0!"r .e!t("nna(re!



8/29

B. Methodological framework

In th(! 'eth"d"",(%a $ra'e0"r;& 0e e*a(n the 'a(n *ha!e! "$ (n.(r+&

*r"v(de de)n(t("n! $"r !"'e ;e+ %"n%e*t!& and ea/"rate .*"n ea%h *ha!e "$

the !t.d+ 0(th the reevant re!ear%h 'eth"d"",+ .!ed1De3nitions

Local authorities F"r th(! !t.d+& "%a a.th"r(t(e! are a /r"ad %ate,"r+ that

(n%.de! the ar,e!t var(et+ "$ !./#nat("na eve! and /ran%he! "$

,"vern'ent& (1e1& '.n(%(*a(t(e!& %"''.n(t(e!& d(!tr(%t!& %".nt(e!& *r"v(n%e!&

and re,("n!1

Practices Reevant and "n,"(n, *ra%t(%e! /+ "%a a.th"r(t(e!& (n%.d(n,

(n(t(at(ve!& *r"e%t! and *r",ra''e!1 Une!! "ther0(!e (nd(%ated& $"r the

*.r*"!e "$ th(! (n%e*t("n re*"rt& the ter'! >(n(t(at(ve!&? >*r"e%t!? and

>*r",ra''e!? are .!ed (nter%han,ea/+ and a! !+n"n+'! $"r >*ra%t(%e!?1

Local Economic Development:The *.r*"!e "$ "%a e%"n"'(% deve"*'ent (! t"

/.(d .* the e%"n"'(% %a*a%(t+ "$ a "%a area t" ('*r"ve (t! e%"n"'(%

$.t.re& and t" ('*r"ve the .a(t+ "$ ($e $"r a1 It (! a *r"%e!! /+ 0h(%h

*./(%& /.!(ne!! and n"n#,"vern'enta !e%t"r *artner! 0"r; %"e%t(ve+ t"

%reate /etter %"nd(t("n! $"r e%"n"'(% ,r"0th and e'*"+'ent ,enerat("n128

Local evelopmentThe F(r!t ="rd F"r.' "$ L"%a Deve"*'ent A,en%(e!

%"n%.ded& >"%a deve"*'ent ha! e%"n"'(%& !"%(a& h.'an and

!.!ta(na/((t+ %"'*"nent!& th".,h there th(! n" !(n,e& !*e%()% de)n(t("n "$

(t1?2It (! an .'/rea %"n%e*t that (n%.de! "%a e%"n"'(% deve"*'ent&

ad.!t(n, "%a deve"*'ent !trate,(e! t" rea%h the M(enn(.'

Deve"*'ent G"a! 4MDG!5& and "%a ,"vernan%e12

Decentrali4ation: De%entra(6at("n re$er! t" a *r"%e!! (nv"v(n, the tran!$er "$ a

ran,e "$ *"0er!& %"'*eten%e! and re!".r%e! $r"' the %entra ,"vern'ent

t" ee%ted "%a 4!./#nat("na5 ,"vern'ent! and enta(! three (netr(%a/+

(n;ed d('en!("n!-*"(t(%a& ad'(n(!trat(ve and )!%a12B

28The ="rd @an; 43775& LED uic3 Reference ,uie1

2C"n%.!("n! "$ the F(r!t ="rd F"r.' "$ L"%a Deve"*'ent A,en%(e! 437225& 'erritory Economyan Local ,overnance: -e .iepoints of 'imes of !hange& *1 91

2 UNDP 437235& .n*./(!hed& dra$t re*"rt& U-DP an U-!D< Interventions in Local Developmentan Local ,overnance Areas in "est an !entral Africa$

2BE.r"*ean C"''(!!("n !trate,+ *a*er "n de%entra(6at("n 43775htt*KKe%1e.r"*a1e.Kdeve"*'entK(%enterKre*"!(t"r+KF38de%entra(!at("n)nen1*d$ 4a!!e!!ed "n39 J.+ 372351 The ="rd @an; de)ne! de%entra(6at("n a! >the tran!$er "$ a.th"r(t+ andre!*"n!(/((t+ $"r *./(% $.n%t("n! $r"' the %entra ,"vern'ent t" (nter'ed(ate and "%a

,"vern'ent! "r .a!(#(nde*endent ,"vern'ent "r,an(6at("n! andK"r the *r(vate !e%t"r000210"rd/an;1"r,K*./(%!e%t"rKde%entra(6at("nK0hat1ht' 4a!!e!!ed "n 33 J.+ 372351



9/29

)caling up S%a(n, .* *r"%e!!e! %an ta;e 'an+ $"r'!& and ran,e $r"' a

nat("na ".trea%h %"ver(n, the ent(re *"*.at("n t" a *"(%+ re$"r' !*.rred

/+ a !.%%e!!$. *("t1 Th(! %an ('*+ re*(%at(n, *("t *r"e%t t" '"re

%"''.n(t(e! "r t" etend (t t" the re,("na "r even t" the nat("na eve! (n

"rder t" ('*a%t a 0(der *"*.at("n12

2UNDP 437235& .n*./(!hed& dra$t re*"rt& U-DP an U-!D< Interventions in Local Developmentan Local ,overnance Areas in "est an !entral Africa$ S%a(n, .* enta(! the $""0(n,

d('en!("n! !"%(a 4!"%(a (n%.!(vene!!5& *h+!(%a 4re*(%at("n5& *"(t(%a 4*"(%+ and /.d,et%"''(t'ent!5& and %"n%e*t.a 4%han,(n, the '(nd !et and *"0er reat("n!#dee* tran!$"r'at("n "$

*"0er and ad'(n(!trat(ve !tr.%t.re!51



10/29

4teps an! activities

F"r the !t.d+& 0e 0".d $""0 the $""0(n, !te*!1 S"'e "$ the!e !te*! "%%.r

*arae& and 0e ea/"rate "n ea%h !te* (n deta( /e"01

425 Ea/"rat(n, a %"n%e*t.a $ra'e0"r; t" (n; "%a ,"vernan%e& "%adeve"*'ent and "%a e%"n"'(% deve"*'ent t" %"n%e*t! "$ '(,rat("n

and deve"*'ent1

435 See%t(n, )ve focus countries: +orocco 'unisia )enegal Ecuaor an

Philippines1

495 O/ta(n(n, (n$"r'at("n "n "n,"(n, *ra%t(%e! /+ "%a a.th"r(t(e! (n the )ed

"$ '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent (n the )ve focus countries1

4


11/29

(2)4electin$ 3ve ocus countries

@a!ed "n a var(et+ "$ (nd(%at"r! *r"v(ded (n nne 1& (n$"r'at("n "n the

('*"rtan%e "$ '(,rat("n and deve"*'ent& (nter#a,en%+ 0"r; (n th(! area&

"%a a.th"r(t(e! *ra%t(%e! (n th(! )ed and "ther reevant (n$"r'at("n 0a!

%"'*(ed and d(!%.!!ed 0(th JMDI#PMU& UNDP ART G"/a In(t(at(ve and "therre!".r%e *er!"n!& (t 0a! de%(ded t" !ee%t the $""0(n, 3ve ocus

countries #orocco& 'unisia& 4ene$al& the Philippines an! 5cua!or-

Th(! !ee%t("n a**ear! t" ,.arantee a 0(de ran,e "$ d(erent a**r"a%he! and

e*er(en%e! and (t !ee'! t" (n%rea!e the (;e(h""d "$ )nd(n, "%a

a.th"r(t(e! (nn"vat(ve (n(t(at(ve1 In add(t("n& e(!t(n, net0"r;! (n the!e

%".ntr(e! a**ear t" $a%((tate the a%%e!! t" (n$"r'at("n1 @e"0 0e *r"v(de

!ee%ted h(,h(,ht! "$ the ('*"rtan%e that ea%h %".ntr+ ha! and (n$"r'at("n

that .nder(e! th(! de%(!("n1

#orocco

M"r"%%" a**ear! t" /e a nat.ra %and(date $"r the 'a**(n,1 @"th the

nat("na& a! 0e a! !evera "%a ,"vern'ent! have /een a%t(ve t" harne!!

the deve"*'ent *"tent(a "$ d(a!*"ra a%t"r! and "r,an(6at("n!1

The %".ntr+! nat("na deve"*'ent !trate,+& the Pan de DQve"**e'ent

Q%"n"'(.e er !"%(a 3777#377< 437775 *./(!hed /+ the (n,d"' "$

M"r"%%"& M(n(!tre de a PrQv(!("n E%"n"'(.e et d. Pan %"nta(n! re$eren%e!

t" '(,rat("n& a! d"e! the Strate,(% Pan 377B#3723 4377B5 *./(!hed /+ the

(n,d"' "$ M"r"%%"& M(n(!tr+ "$ S"%(a Deve"*'ent& Fa'(+ and S"(dar(t+1

A! "$ 3727& the n.'/er "$ e'(,rant! e%eeded 9 '(("n& 0h(%h %"rre!*"nd!

t" 19 *er%ent "$ the %".ntr+! *"*.at("n1 The %".ntr+ (! a!" "$ ('*"rtan%e

$"r (''(,rat("n t" the EU& a! !evera EU Me'/er State! h"!t ar,e

%"''.n(t(e! "$ M"r"%%"#/"rn *er!"n!& na'e+ Fran%e 4B71775& S*a(n

491B775& Ita+ 4317775& @e,(.' 42713775& Netherand! 421775&

Ger'an+ 417775& Un(ted (n,d"' 43717775137

In add(t("n& the UNDP ART G"/a In(t(at(ve ha! (n$"r'ed the re!ear%h tea'

that M"r"%%" 0".d /e "$ *art(%.ar ('*"rtan%e and that UNDP#ART 0".d /e

a/e t" $a%((tate the %"nta%t t" "%a a.th"r(t(e!1 M"r"%%" ha! a!" /een a

tar,et %".ntr+ d.r(n, the )r!t *ha!e "$ the JMDI /ene)%(ar(e! and *artner!$r"' that *ha!e ('*r"ve the a%%e!! t" the )ed1

A re%ent !t.d+ %"''(!!("ned /+ JMDI reveaed that there are !evera('*"rtant "n,"(n, a%t(v(t(e! t" 'a(n!trea' '(,rat("n (nt" nat("nadeve"*'ent !trate,(e!& 0(th ('*"rtant a%t(v(t(e! at the re,("na eve&*art(%.ar+ (n the Or(enta re,("n132

37OECD data for 2008.

32Draft Rapport Final sur Lintegration Regionale / Locale du volet Migration et Developpeent au Maroc! "#Massiiliano Di $ota and D%elloule Mar&ria! 'une 20(2.



12/29

I'*"rtant+& M"r"%%" ha! an ea/"rated (n!t(t.t("na $ra'e0"r; t" dea 0(th

'(,rat("n1 In *art(%.ar there (! 425 the M(n(!tr+ Char,ed 0(th the M"r"%%an

C"''.n(t+ Re!(d(n, A/r"ad 435 Interde*art'enta C"''(ttee! 495 Ha!!an

II F".ndat("n $"r M"r"%%an! Re!(dent A/r"ad 4


13/29

The A,en%+ $"r Internat("na C""*erat("n and L"%a Deve"*'ent (n the

Med(terranean 4ACIM5 ha! deve"*ed a tra(n(n, *r",ra''e $"r *./(%

"%er! (n M"r"%%" t" enhan%e the(r %a*a%(t+ t" *r"'"te "%a '(%r"#

entre*rene.r!h(* thr".,h the '"/((!at("n "$ the(r nat("na! (v(n, (n

Fran%e1

The D(re%t"rate Genera "$ M(,rat("n and V".nteer(n, 0(th(n the re,("na

M(n(!tr+ "$ S"%(a P"(%+& ="'en and M(,rat("n& (n M.r%(a& S*a(n ha!

e'/ar;ed (n the *r",ra''e E=change of Professional A6ilities 6eteen

+urcia an +orocco (n %"a/"rat("n 0(th the M"r"%%an %"''.n(t+ "$

'(,rant! (v(n, (n M.r%(a1 The *r"e%t a('! t" enhan%e the (nv"ve'ent "$

'(,rant %"''.n(t(e! (n the deve"*'ent *r"%e!!e! "$ "r(,(n terr(t"r(e! /+

harne!!(n, the *r"$e!!("na !;(! "$ M"r"%%an (n M.r%(a& 0h(%h (! a needed

%"ntr(/.t("n t" the r.ra deve"*'ent *r"%e!!e! (n the Ea!tern Re,("n "$

M"r"%%"1

The S*an(!h Re,("n "$ Cata.n+a and (t! M"r"%%an *eer! (n Tan,(er

tar,eted .na%%"'*an(ed '(n"r '(,rant!1 The +aghre6 Programme

e!ta/(!hed /+ the *r"e%t addre!!e! the need! "$ /"th .na%%"'*an(ed

M"r"%%an '(n"r! (n S*a(n& and *"tent(a '(n"r e'(,rant! (n M"r"%%"1 In

"rder t" /.(d %"nd(t("n! %"nd.%(ve t" the !.!ta(na/e ret.rn "$ '(n"r! 0h"

are (n S*a(n& and t" *revent '(n"r! e'(,rat("n $r"' h"'e %"''.n(t(e!&

the *r",ra''e "er! v"%at("na tra(n(n, "n the *re'(!e! "$ a tra(n(n,

%entre e!ta/(!hed (n the Tan,(er re,("n1 In%.!("n (n the a/".r 'ar;et (!

$a%((tated thr".,h a,ree'ent! 0(th E.r"*ean enter*r(!e! (n the Tan,(er

re,("n& A !"%(a enter*r(!e a%t(ve (n the a,r($""d !e%t"r (n E'((a#R"'a,na& Net(a&

ha! !.**"rted a *r"e%t $"r the re%r.(t'ent and tra(n(n, "$ M"r"%%an

(''(,rant! (n Ita+ and $"r the !tart .*& (n %"a/"rat("n 0(th the(r "%a

a!!"%(at("n!& "$ !'a enter*r(!e! (n the !a'e !e%t"r (n M"r"%%"1 The

*r"e%t a"0ed $"r the tran!$er t" r.ra area! (n M"r"%%" "$ the

%""*erat(ve '"de that ha! 'ade r.ra deve"*'ent !.%%e!!$. (n E'((a#

R"'a,na1

A n.'/er "$ a%t"r! (n the P(ed'"nt re,("n "$ Ita+ and (n the M"r"%%an

re,("n "$ Cha".(a O.ard(,ha& $r"' 0h(%h '"re than 7 *er %ent "$M"r"%%an (''(,rant! (n P(ed'"nt "r(,(nate& have (n(t(ated a ar,e

*r",ra''e $"r *r"'"t(n, e'*"+'ent and entre*rene.r!h(* (n /"th

re,("n! "$ "r(,(n and de!t(nat("n1

The D.t%h '.n(%(*a(t+ "$ We(!t adv(!e! (t! *artner '.n(%(*a(t+ (n @er;ane&

M"r"%%"& "n h"0 t" ('*r"ve 0a!te 'ana,e'ent133

Other reevant $a%t! (n%.de

The EU (! (n the *r"%e!! "$ "er(n, a M"/((t+ Partner!h(* t" M"r"%%"1

33Edit) van E*i%& and +sa ,aud! -artners)ips "et*een Dutc) Municipalities and Municipalities in Countries ofMigration to t)e et)erlands 1no*ledge Ec)ange and Mutualit#!3 Habitat International 4ol. 55! o. 2 62007 2(892:.



14/29

A rev(e0 /+ the Internat("na Center $"r M(,rat("n P"(%+ Deve"*'ent

4ICMPD5 and IOM a!" (dent()ed !*e%(a *r"v(!("n! t" (n; '(,rat("n and

deve"*'ent (n M"r"%%"139

M"r"%%" ha! !.%%e!!$.+ 'ana,ed t" *r"te%t the(r '(,rant! /+

ne,"t(at(n, /(atera !"%(a !e%.r(t+ a,ree'ent! 4$"r B *er%ent "$'(,rant!51

In the re,("n! "$ Or(enta and Tan,(er#Tet".an& de%entra(6ed %""*erat("n

*ann(n, 0a! e!ta/(!hed (n %"a/"rat("n 0(th the UNDP ART Pr",ra''e13Etended M(,rat("n Pr")e!? /+ %".ntr(e!&

t",ether 0(th IOM and "ther !ta;eh"der!1



29/29

C".ntr(e! 0here the UNDP ART G"/a In(t(at(ve 4Art(%.at("n "$ Terr(t"r(a andThe'at(% Net0"r;! "$ C""*erat("n $"r H.'an Deve"*'ent5& the C(t+#t"#C(t+(n(t(at(ve "$ the Internat("na Centre $"r M(,rat("n P"(%+ Deve"*'ent4ICMPD5 and "ther (n(t(at(ve! that %an $a%((tate the a%%e!! t" "%a a.th"r(t(e!and he* t" %reate !+ner,(e!1

The %.t.ra& ethn(%& (n,.(!t(% and ,e",ra*h(%a d(ver!(t+ "$ the "%aa%t(v(t(e!1

JMDI Local Authorities' Practices Inception Report (2012.07.27)

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