JLC Calorimeter - KEK · JLC Calorimeter Hiroyuki Matsunaga (University of Tsukuba) For the JLC-CAL...
Transcript of JLC Calorimeter - KEK · JLC Calorimeter Hiroyuki Matsunaga (University of Tsukuba) For the JLC-CAL...
Hiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
JLC CalorimeterHiroyuki Matsunaga (University of Tsukuba)
For the JLC-CAL Group(KEK, Kobe, Konan, Niigata, Shinshu and Tsukuba)
Outline
Required PerformanceDesign Ideas and Plans- JLC, NLC, TESLA
JLC Calorimeter- Design Concept
- Study on EMCAL/SHmax
- Granularity Optimization
- Photon Detectors
Summary
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Required PerformanceHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• At LC energies, high mass particles ( W , Z, t, H?...) are producedin most events
• Most likely they decay into hadronic jets
• Accurate jets energy measurement is needed to reconstruct thehigh mass particles
• Excellent Jet-mass resolution is required→ Di-jet mass resolution better than ΓZ, ΓW (JLC)
σMjj= 2.9 GeV including
natural width of W
Reconstructed W mass for e+e− → W +W − at√
s = 400 GeV(Result of quick simulation)
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Required PerformanceHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
There are many design parameters to be optimized
2 basic parameters for calorimeter design:
• Energy Resolution and Linearity- Compensation ( e/h = 1) with hardware or software
• Granularity (Segmentation)- Clustering Algorithm- Track-Cluster Association Algorithm- Energy Flow Analysis
Both hardware and simulation studies are needed.
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Energy Flow ConceptHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Energy Flow Technique :
• Charged particles in jets more precisely measured in tracker
• Typical multi-jet events:∼ 60 %: charged particles∼ 30 %: photons∼ 10 %: neutral hadrons
• Use tracker for charged particles
• EMCAL for Photon
• HCAL for neutral hadrons
Design optimization for energy flow :
• Dense, highly granular EMCAL and HCAL
• High resolution and efficient tracker
• CAL inside coil
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Design Ideas and PlansHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Granularity Very high ReasonableExperiment TESLA, NLC(SD) JLC, NLC (LD)EMCAL Si/W Scint. Tiles/Fiber
Scint. Strip ArrayHCAL “Digital” Calorimeter
Scint. Tiles/Fiber Scint. Tiles/Fiber
Other options:EMCAL : Crystal, Shashlik
Beam direction
Photodetectors
WLS fibers
Calorimeter layout
Photodiodes
Diode electronics
Vacuum
(front view)(top view)Tower structure
Beam direction
Shashlik Calorimeter
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Si/W CalorimeterHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• Original idea from SDC
• Used successfully for Lum. monitors at SLD/LEP
• Suited for Energy Flow
• Easily Segmented (5mm – 15mm), ∼ 50M pixels
• Si cost is expensive
Barrel Calorimeter of TESLA
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“Digital” CalorimeterHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• “Imaging/Tracking Calorimeter” for Energy Flow measurement
• Cheap, highly-segmented detectors (1cm ×1cm)
• 1 (2?) bit readout
• Number of hit cells → Energy
Same Di-jet for digital-steel(left) and for digital-tungsten(right) HCALhep-ex/0202004 (TESLA)
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“Digital” Calorimeter (cont.)Hiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• Energy resolution: similar to analog readout
• Active medium candidatesRPCs (Resistive Plate Chambers)GEMs (Gas Electron Multipliers)
• under study- depth- MIP recognition- Algorithm : Software compensation ( π0 recognition)
• No experience. Need verification
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Tile/Fiber Sampling CalorimeterHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• Hardware Compensation Possible
• Design Flexibility
• Reasonable cost
• Well-established technology
• Sufficient granularity for EMCAL ?
Scintillator tiles arranged as 5 × 5 segmentation
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JLC Calorimeter: Design ConceptHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• Hardware Compensation for excellent hadron energy resolution andlinearity
σEE = 15%√
E+ 1% (e/γ)
σEE = 40%√
E+ 2% (hadron)
• Fine Granularity for precise topological reconstruction
• Whole Calorimeter system inside the solenoid
No software compensationNo extremely-fine granularity
Technology Choice
=⇒ Tile/Fiber Sampling Calorimeter
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Calorimeter ConfigurationHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Calorimeter is in the 3 Tesla B-FieldTower StructureCrackless Hermeticity
100 cm
JLC Detector
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Basic ParametersHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Barrel Inner Radius 160 cmBarrel Outer Radius 340 cmAngular Coverage (full) |cos θ| < 0.966
(partial) |cos θ| < 0.991SHmax scheme scintillator strip
(1 cm-wide)Option = Si-pad
(1cm × 1cm)Granularity
PreSH/EMCAL transverse 4 cm × 4 cm(24 mrad)
longitudinal 3 sections(6+12+20 layers)
HCAL transverse 12 cm × 12 cm(72 mrad)
longitudinal 4 sections(25+30+35+40 layers)
ThicknessPreSH 4X0
EMCAL 23X0
HCAL 6.5λ0
10 cm
H3H2 H4H1EM2EM1PS
Configuration of Baseline BarrelCalorimeter
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HCAL beam testsHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Beam tests done at KEK (1–4 GeV) and at FNAL (10-200 GeV) to prove
• Energy Resolution / Hardware compensation
• Linearity / Dynamic Range
• Tower Boundary Uniformity
• e/π Separation Capability
Beam
Lead Plates(inserted between tile assembly)
FCAL sections
(80 layers)
RCAL superlayers
(20 or 50 layers)
PMT (H1949)
1 2 3 4
6 7 8 9
11 12 13 14
16 17 18 19
21 22 23 24
5
10
15
20
25
1 m
1 m
To PMT
1 mm
WLS fiber(Y11)Cut View
Scintillator (SCSN88)
WLS fiber (Y11)
heat fusing spliceClear fiber
20 cm
20 cm
2 mm
Tile scintillator
PMT (H1949)
Tower ID number
Schematic view of HCAL test module with Tile/Fiber configuration
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Energy Resolution & LinearityHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
0
10
20
30
40
50σ
/E (%
)E
0.25 0.5 0.75 1.
(GeV )-1/2
e :
stochastic = 46.7 ± 0.6%constant = 0.9 ± 0.9%
π :
= 23.9 ± 0.3%= 0.8 ± 0.3%
-
- σσ
stochastic
constant
σσ
σE
=σ 2
stochastic
E+σ
constant2E
...
...T912 e T912 π
--
...
...T411 e T411 π
--
1/ E
Beam momentum (GeV/c)
Beam momentum (GeV/c)
Mea
sure
d en
ergy
(GeV
)D
evia
tion
from
line
arity
(%)
...
...T912 e T912 π
--
...
...T411 e T411 π
--
Beam momentum (GeV/c)
Dev
iatio
n fro
m li
near
ity (%
)
no-leak sample
(a)
(b)
(c)
• π energy resolution is worse than design due to “fiber-routing”acryl plate→ should be OK but needs verification
• Linearity is good thanks to hardware compensation
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e/π Separation with PreSH/SHmaxHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
clear fiber(KURARAY, Clear-PSMS, 1.0mmφ)
WLS(KURARAY, Y11, 0.83mmφ)
plastic scintillator(BICRON, BC-408)
Shower-Maximum Detector
Al e
vapo
ratio
n
created by akiraX layer, 200mm
20 strips
MPMT(R5900U)
Y la
yer,
200
mm
2
0 st
rips
connector2 layers, 1
0mm
0.9mmφ
key hole groove
0.8mm
2.85
mm
scintillator strip
200mm
10mm
5mm
Shower MAX detector
preshower (mip)S
prea
d (c
m)
• pion rejection ∼ 1/1400
• efficiency for electron ∼ 98 %
• position resolution 2 ∼3 mmdue to noise/cross-talkneeds improvements
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Granularity OptimizationHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Optimization with full simulator based on GEANT3
• Hadron shower clustering algorithm under study2D-JADE, 2/3D-contiguous : not working wellLarger spatial fluctuation in hadron shower development→ Split a cluster in two (or more)
• Cluster-track association algorithm under study
Simulation study is severely behind schedule
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Longitudinal Shower profileHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• Longitudinal shower profile and event-by-event fluctuation forhadron shower
– Improve hadron energy resolution– Implementation of hadron shower generator– e/π separation capability
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Longitudinal Shower profile (cont.)Hiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
δ(k)i = ph
(k)i − phi at i-th super-layer of k-th event
δ̃(k)i : Orthogonalized δ
(k)i
PH deviation 4 GeV e -
- 40
- 20
0
20
40
- 50 0 50
δ 3
δ 1
- 50 0 50
δ 4
δ 3
- 40
- 20
0
20
40
- 50 0 50
δ∼
3
δ∼
4
- 50 0 50
δ∼
3
δ∼
1
Correlated fluctuation for EM
PH deviation 4 GeV π -
- 40
- 20
0
20
40
- 50 0 50
δ 3
δ 1
- 50 0 50
δ 4
δ 3
- 40
- 20
0
20
40
- 50 0 50
δ∼
3
δ∼
4
- 50 0 50
δ∼
3
δ∼
1
Un-correlated fluctuation for hadrons
Orthogogonalization unsuccessful for hadrons
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Longitudinal Shower profile (cont.)Hiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
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Simulation successfully reproduces samedistribution as real data
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R & D on EMCAL and SHmaxHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
EMCAL :
• Scint. Tile of 4cm × 4cm × 1mm- 4cm is limited by fiber curvature in the tile
• Scint. Strip of 1cm × 20cm × 2mm- finer granularity- crossed-strip layout like SHmax- needs super multi-channel photo detectors- ghost-rejection capability by full simulation
Staggered fiber layout on every other layer→ Reduce non-uniformity
SHmax :
• Scint. Strip of 1cm × 20cm × 1cm- WLS fiber + multi-channel Photon detector- high-gain APD attached directly at the end of Scint. strip
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Scint. Tile & StripHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Scint. Tile with WLS fiber
Scint. Strips with WLS fibers
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Bench Test: Tile/Fiber moduleHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Bench Test:
• β rays from RI source
• Multi-Anode PMT
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Bench Test: Tile/Fiber module (cont.)Hiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
ADC distribution Uniformity check (1-dim.)
Npe = 2.2
• Expect a factor of ∼ 1.6 improvement by polishing thefiber end and sputtering Al to it
Uniformity : < 5%< 2% (inside fiber groove)
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Bench Test: Scint. Strip moduleHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Setup of bench testβ rays from 90Sr, mapping by X-Y stage Photo-electron yield over a strip
Non-uniformity ∼ 4.8 %Similar to square tiles
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Plan for Beam Tests: EMCALHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Aims of the beam test:
• Uniformity
• Ghost rejection capability
• Energy Resolution for electron
• Input for simulation study
• New SHmax scheme
November 2002: π2 beam line at KEK
moving stage
calorimeters
T1 T2C1 C2DC1 DC2
iron wallpseudo-jet generator
(removable)
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Photon DetectorsHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
Photon detectors used in 3 Tesla Magnetic Field
• Multi-channel(61ch) Hybrid Photo Diodes (HPDs) :- promising (cost-down needed)
• Hybrid Avalanche Photo Diodes (HAPDs) :- difficult to make multi-pixel HAPDs
Vacuum
PhotoCathode
P+N+
N++
PhotoElectron
Photon
Surface Dead Layer
HV
e-h pairse
he
e
e
e
e
ee
hh h
h
h
PIN-silicon photodiode
Schematic view of the HPD structure
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16High Voltage (kV)
Gai
n
HPD gain as a function of HV∼ 3000 at 14 kV
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Photon Detectors (cont.)Hiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
• For Scintillator-strip EMCAL/SHmax :
– Electron-Bombarded CCD (EBCCD)Ultra-multi-pixel devices, single-photon sensitivityHigher gain is needed.
Gain vs. Photo-cathode voltage for proximity-focused EBCCD
• Si-Photomultipliers (Si-PM’s) : study at Moscow- output signal is proportional to # of pixels fired- sensitive to single photon
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SummaryHiroyuki Matsunaga, The 5th ACFA Workshop on Physics and Detector at Linear Collider, July 10–12, 2002
JLC Calorimeter :
•Well-established technology: Tile/Fiber scheme
• High Performance: Hermeticity, Resolution, Linearity
• Reasonable Cost: Casting enables further cost reduc-tion
Verification in progress :
• EMCAL/SHmaxBeam tests in 2002,2003
• Granularity optimization, Clustering Algorithmneeds Full Simulation
• Photon Devices
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