JiTCA: An Accounting Framework for Just in Time Clouds
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JiTCA: An Accounting Framework for Just in Time Clouds
Centro de InformáticaUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco
Francisco Airton Pereira da [email protected], 2012
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Agenda
• Contextualization• Mapping Study
– Mapping Study Process– Mapping Results– Results Analysis– Conclusions of Mapping
• Framework Implementation– The Idea– The Proposed Architecture– The Functionalities– Actual Release Demonstration
• Framework Experiments– Planned tasks
• Conclusions
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Accounting
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“The art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions
and events which are, in part at least, of financial character, and
interpreting the results thereof."
[2]
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JIT CLOUD PROJECTMapping
Study
Framework
Implementation
Framework Evaluation
Monitoringand
Billing
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
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Accounting Models for Cloud Computing: A Systematic Mapping Study
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Mapping Study Process
Research Questions
• RQ1: Is there any taxonomy for concepts related to accounting process in cloud computing?
• RQ2: Which are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?
• RQ3: Which are the existing pricing schemes for cloud/grid computing?
• RQ4: Which are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?
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• IEEE+ACM+SCOPUS+SCIENCEDIRECT+Manual Search
• 580 papers (total)
SLA OR “Service Level Agreement” OR billing OR pricing OR payment OR accounting
AND
“Cloud computing” OR “Grid computing” OR “Infraestructure as a Service” OR “Plataform as a Service” OR “Software as a Service”
Mapping Study Process
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First Filter
98 papers
Second Filter
23 papers
Mapping Study Process
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Inclusion CriteriaPapers related to accountingprocess taxonomy, accontingmodels, pricing schemes andSLA composition.Exclusion Criteria•Papers that just mentionedthe studied research issue.•Studies only available as abstracts or presentations•Duplicate studies
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Category Types
Contribution Type Method, Process, Technique,
Model and Framework
Research type Validation Research,
Evaluation Research, Solution
Proposal, Philosophical
Papers, Opinion Papers,
Experience Papers
Accounting Model Features Pricing, Metering, Mediation,
Accounting, Roaming, Billing,
Charging, Financial Clearing,
Cloud Federation, Just in
Time Clouds, User Interface,
Security Support, SLA Support
and Variable Payment
Models;
Mapping Study Process
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The full paper was read and the following information was extracted from each study:
Contribution Type
Research Type
Information required to answer some research question
Mapping Study Process
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Mapping Results
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RQ1 - Is there any taxonomy for concepts related to accounting process in cloud computing?
[1]
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Mapping Results
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RQ2: Which are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?
• Flexible Accounting Model [2]
– Based on existing accounting process previous defined
– IPDR (Internet Protocol Detail Record)
• A Model for Federated Clouds [3]
– Used in federated cloud environments like the RESERVOIR project (funded by European Union)
– Organized in layers
• ABS for SOA [4]
– authentication of the clients and billing of services used by client is carried out
• THEMIS [5]
– Mutually erifiable billing system
– has as main requirements the transparency, security and low latency in billing transactions
– introduces the concept of a Cloud Notary Authority to supervise billing transactions
• Cloud Supply Chain [6]
– proposes the Cloud Supply Chain concept
– represents a network of interconnected businesses
– Includes the idea of Information Model that encompass a plenty of record languages
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Mapping Results
• 23 different pricing schemes found
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RQ3: Which are the existing pricing schemes for cloud/grid computing?
Time-based
Flat-rate
Content-based
Real-Time Pricing (RTP)
Edge pricing Cumulus pricingPriority pricing
Usage-based
Session-oriented
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Mapping Results
• A framework for sla-based cloud services verification and composition [7]– SLA-Description based on XML specification which defines the main Quality of Services (QoS)
– It also defines the period of service provision, the cost of using the service, and the possible actionsthat should be taken
• Conceptual SLA framework for cloud computing [8]– presented a framework which the SLA pa-rameters are specified by metrics for different types of
services
• Sla-driven elastic cloud hosting provider [9]– They designed an SLA-aware web servers management system
– defining important economic variables to this kind of technology
• Specifying and monitoring guarantees in commercial grids through sla [10]
– proposed an unambiguous and flexible language for formalizing SLAs
– Includes the components: Purpose, Parties, Validity Period, Scope, Restrictions, Service-Level Objectives, Service-Level Indicators, Penalties, Optional Services, Exclusions and Administration.
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RQ4: Which are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?
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Results Analysis
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Research Type Classification
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Validation Research
Evaluation Research
Solution Proposal
Philosophical Paper
Opinion Paper
Experience Paper
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Results Analysis
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Contribution Type Classification
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Method
Process
Technique
Model
Framework
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Results Analysis
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Research Types X Research Questions
RQ1 :“taxonomy”RQ2: “accounting models”RQ3: “pricing schemes”RQ4: “SLA composition”
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Results Analysis
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Accounting Models Analysis
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Conclusions of Mapping
• As major contribution, this mapping provides an overview ofthe area and specific findings related to i) taxonomy foraccounting process, ii) accounting models, iii) pricing schemesand iv) SLA composition.
– i) The terms pricing, accounting and billing are themost used terms.
– ii) Few studies related to industry environment.
– iii) The need for expose how pricing schemes areapplied in a detailed way.
– iv) Related to SLA composition, its missing a studythat gather all the aspects here exposed.
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JiTCA - Implementation
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JiTCA - The Idea
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Build a billing framework with the following aspects:• Based on a previousstablished taxonomy,• Combining a suitable set ofpricing schemes,• Design an architecture thatfit Cloud Federation and Just in Time Clouds concepts,• Encompass UserInterface/SLA Support andVariable Payment Models
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JiTCA - The Proposed Architecture
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JiTBillingService
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JiTCA - The Proposed Architecture
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JiTCA - The Functionalities
• Capture resource usage records.• Send resource usage records to
JiTBillingService.• Set client credentials and start
automatically with virtual machine.
• SLA Monitoring• Variable Payment Models
Support• Security Support• User Interface Support• Multiple Charging Policy Support• Multiple Virtual Machine Profile
Charging• Charging Simulation• Reports
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Not started
Partial done
Done
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JiTCA – JiTBillingService (web service interface)
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JiTCA - Evaluation
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JiTCA - Evaluation
• Tasks to be performed in future:
– Study Formal Experiment Processes
– Choose the appropriate criteria to validate theframework quality
– Run the experiments at C.E.S.A.R’s computationalenvironment
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References1) Agundez, I. et al. (2010). A taxonomy of the future internet accounting
process. In Int. Conference on Advanced Engineering Computing andApplications in Sciences (ADVCOMP 10), pages 111–117.
2) I. R. Agundez et al., “A flexible accounting model for cloud computing,” in Proc. Global Conference (SRII 11). IEEE ComputerSociety, Washington, DC, USA, Jul. 2011, pp. 277–284.
3) E. Elmroth et al., “Accounting and billing for federated cloud infrastructures,” in Proc. Int. Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing (GCC 09), Aug. 2009, pp. 27–29.
4) T. Pandey et al., “Authentication and billing framework for service oriented architecture,” in Proc. Int. Conference on Systems, (ICONS 09), Mar. 2009, pp. 91–95.
5) K. W. Park et al., “Themis: Towards mutually verifiable billing transactions in the cloud computing environment,” in Proc.Int. Conference on CloudComputing (CLOUD 10), Jul. 2010, pp. 139–147.
6) M. Lindner et al., “The cloud supply chain : A framework for information, monitoring, accounting and billing,” in 2nd International ICST Conference on Cloud Computing (CloudComp 11), 2011.
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References (...)7) A. A. Falasi and M. A. Serhani, “A framework for sla-based cloud services
verification and composition,” in Proc. Int. Conference on Innovations inInformation Technology (IIT), Apr. 2011, pp. 287–292.
8) M. Alhamad et al., “Conceptual SLA framework for cloud computing,” in Proc.International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST), Apr.2010, pp. 606–610.
9) J. O. Fito et al., “Sla-driven elastic cloud hosting provider,” in Proc. 18th EuromicroInt. Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP10), Feb. 2010, pp. 111–118.
10) A. Sahai et al., “Specifying and monitoring guarantees in commercial gridsthrough sla,” in Proc. Int. Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid2003), May 2003, pp. 292–299.
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More information including our latest research results can be found at framework’s site:
– http://cin.ufpe.br/~faps/cloudbilling/
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Thanks!!