Products That Work, From People Who Care®

aquatics

Jim Petta

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Two Key Objectives

Learning about the two newest EPA registered aquatic

herbicides : Tradewind and Clipper

− Active ingredient and mode of action

− Environmental fate and toxicology

Learning how to Use them most effectively in aquatic plant

management for best results

− Best Efficacy

− Target plants and non-target selectivity

− Application and handling

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Tradewind Summary

New systemic chemistry for selective removal of hydrilla

(even fluoridone-resistant hydrilla), Alligatorweed, Azola,

Waterhyacinth, waterlettuce and other undesirable aquatic

plants

Minimal impact on many desirable aquatic plants

including spatterdock, maidencane and cattails

Long-lasting systemic activity for both submersed and

floating aquatic plants

Newest tool for herbicide resistance management

(pending registration TODAY at FDACS)

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Tradewind Specifications

Active Ingredient: bispyribac

Herbicide Family (Chemical Class): pyrimidinyloxybenzoic

acid

− Different from other ALS inhibitors means different selectivity

Mode of Action: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor

− ALS is a plant specific enzyme

− Similar to imazamox (Clearcast®) and penoxsulam

(Galleon™)

Formulation: 8 oz WSP

Aquatic Use Sites: bayous, canals, fresh water ponds,

lakes, marshes and reservoirs

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Tradewind Personal Protective Equipment

Long-sleeved shirt and long pants

Chemical resistant gloves

Socks & shoes

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Tradewind Environmental Fate

Half life in water: ~ 30 days

Not sensitive to photolysis or hydrolysis

Broken down by microbial activity

− More shallow, warmer – shorter half life

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Tradewind Ecological Effects

No drinking, fishing or swimming restrictions

Excellent toxicology profile

− Not acutely toxic to mammals

− Not carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic

Excellent environmental fate profile

Non-Target Species Toxicity

Birds Practically non-toxic

Freshwater Fish Practically non-toxic

Estuarine Fish Practically non-toxic

Freshwater Invertebrate Practically non-toxic

Estuarine Invertebrate Practically non-toxic

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Tradewind Label

Use Precautions And Restrictions For All Applications

− There is no post-application holding restriction against use of

treated water for drinking or recreational purposes (e.g.

swimming, fishing).

− Important: This product is a herbicide and is active at low

concentrations. Do not use treated water to irrigate food or

ornamental crops until the concentration of Bispyribac-

sodium in water is less than or equal to 1 ppb. Analyze water

samples with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

(ELISA) or other approved analytical methods. TESTING

AVAILABLE FROM VALENT USA.

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Tradewind Label

Table 1. Floating and Emergent Weeds

Common Name Scientific Name

Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides

Duckweed Lemna spp

Mosquito fern Azola caroliniana

Parrotfeather Myriophyllum aquaticum

Water Fern Salvinia spp

Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes

Water Lettuce Pistia stratiotes

Water Pennywort Hydrocotyle spp

Apply Tradewind Herbicide as a broadcast spray at 1 to 2

ounces of formulated product per acre.

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Tradewind Label

Table 2. Submersed Weeds Controlled by Subsurface Application

Common Name Scientific Name

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

Pondweed, Sago Potamogeton pectinatus

Watermilfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum

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Tradewind Use Directions and Information

For optimal control, you must maintain the concentration in

the water for 60-90 days

Symptoms include cessation of growth, discolorization of

tissue, yellowing, followed by necrosis and death

Tradewind may be tankmixed with other herbicides

The use of an approved surfactant may enhance foliar

uptake

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Tradewind Use Directions

Subsurface Application Rates

− Apply Tradewind Herbicide at a rate that will produce an

initial concentration of 20 to 45 ppb in the water column of

the treatment zone.

− Use the higher concentrations when weed biomass is heavy,

when weeds are more mature and topped out, and/or when

treating less susceptible plants.

− For optimal control, repeat applications to maintain desired

water column concentrations of Tradewind Herbicide for 60

to 90 days after initial application, or until target weeds are

controlled.

− One 8 oz water soluble packet will treat 1 acre x 4 ft avg

depth

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Tradewind Use Guidelines

General use rate recommendations:

− Subsurface: 20-45 ppb (1.1-2.4 oz per acre foot)

− Surface: apply at 1-2 oz per acre

− Allow 30 days between applications

Tank mixing: Yes

Use sites labeled:

− Bayous, canals, fresh water ponds, lakes, marshes and

reservoirs

− Apply to actively growing plants

Application methods:

− Foliar and or surface spray

− Submersed injection

− Aerial Refer to label for specific

directions, plants and information

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Tradewind Use Recommendations

Hydrilla

− For optimal control, apply February through June

− Whole water body or large block treatment

Apply subsurface

Apply Tradewind alone at 30-45 ppb

OR, tank mix with a contact herbicide

− Sequential applications

As necessary to maintain concentrations at effective levels for

60-90 days

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EUP Trial Conclusions

Consistent hydrilla results across 4 years with 30-45 ppb

as a subsurface application

Plant selectivity based on rate, placement and timing

− Minimal impact on many desirable plant species

May be tank mixed as needed for submersed, floating, or

marginal weed control

Apply before the vegetation topped out/established

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What do the experts say?

“You can get 6 to 12 months of control of hydrilla

consistently with Tradewind.”

− Dr. Bill Haller, Professor and Director of the Aquatic Center,

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

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Where is the fit for Tradewind?

Efficacy

Excellent, long-

lasting control of

hydrilla & EWM

Toxicology

No drinking, fishing

or swimming

restrictions

Excellent

environmental

profiles

Environmental

Fate

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Clipper Summary

Fast and selective – control of tough invasive and nuisance plants

like cabomba, watermeal, duckweed, hydrilla, water lettuce, giant

salvinia, coontail, S. naiad

− Hygrophila YES

− Floating heart ?

Dissipates quickly from the water column and does not accumulate

in sediment = favorable environmental profile

Reduced PPE requirements = ease of application and handling

No drinking, fishing, or swimming restrictions (5 day irrigation

only)

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Clipper Specifications

Active Ingredient: flumioxazin

Class: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor

Mechanism of Action: Initiates cell membrane disruption

Aquatic Use Sites: bayous, canals, fresh water ponds,

lakes, marshes and reservoirs

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Clipper Specifications

Formulation

− 51% Water Dispersible Granule

− 5 pound jugs

− 4 jugs per case

Mixing

− With high pH water, add buffer to tank

− Compatible with other herbicides

− Chelated coppers and pH

Aerial Application

− Yes

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Clipper Environmental Fate

Flumioxazin – Aquatic Plant Management

Hydrolysis

pH 5: 3.4 - 5.1 days

pH 7: 21.4 - 24.6 hours

pH 9: 14.6 - 22.0 minutes

Clipper quickly dissipates from the water column; does not accumulate in

soil sediment

Short half life

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Clipper Personal Protective Equipment

Long-sleeved shirt and long pants

Chemical resistant gloves

Socks & shoes

YOU MUST WEAR CLOTHES!

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Clipper Label

Use Precautions And Restrictions

− No post-application holding restriction against use of

treated water for drinking or recreational purposes (e.g.

swimming, fishing).

− Treated water may not be used for irrigation purposes

until at least five days after application.

− Do not re-treat the same section of water with Clipper

more than 6 times per year.

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Clipper Label

Table 1. Floating and Emerged Weeds – Surface Application

Common Name Scientific Name

Alligator Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides

Frog’s-bit Limnobium spongia

Water Fern Salvinia spp.

Water Lettuce Pistia stratiotes

Water Pennywort Hydrocotyle spp.

Filamentous algae Pithophora

Filamentous algae Cladophora

Apply Clipper as a broadcast spray at 6 to 12 ounces of

formulated product per acre. Apply in a minimum of 30 gals

of water per acre to ensure adequate coverage.

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Clipper Label

Table 2. Submersed and Floating Weeds Controlled by Subsurface Application

Common Name Scientific Name

Coontail Ceratophyllum demersum

Duckweed Lemna spp.

Fanwort Cabomba caroliniana

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

Naiad, Southern Najas guadalupensis

Pondweed, Curlyleaf Potamogeton crispus

Pondweed, Illinois Potamogeton illinoensis

Pondweed, Sago Potamogeton pectinatus

Pondweed, Variable-Leaf Potamogeton diversifolius

Water Fern Salvinia spp.

Water Lettuce Pistia stratiotes

Watermeal Wolffia spp.

Watermilfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum

Watermilfoil, Variable-Leaf Myriophyllum heterophyllum

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Cabomba…

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New Data on Hygrophila from UF 2011

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Clipper Label

Growth Stage

− Best results will be achieved when applied to young or

actively growing vegetation when weeds are growing

in lower pH (less than 8.5) waters.

Subsurface Application Rates

− Apply Clipper at a rate that will produce an initial

concentration of 100 to 400 ppb (of active ingredient

flumioxazin) in the water column.

− For Hygrophila: apply 300-400 ppb followed by a

second application 21-30 days later of 200 ppb

(depends on biomass)

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Clipper Label

Hydrilla Control

− For best control of hydrilla, apply during the late Winter

(February/March) and Fall (October/November).

− If applied to mature topped out hydrilla, Clipper will cause

some discoloration and loss of growing tips, but regrowth

may be rapid.

− Hydrilla control may be improved by tank mixing Clipper

with Reward® or other registered contact herbicides.

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Clipper Product Questions

pH

− Not a concern below 8

− In mixing with copper products, buffer water as MOST

chelated coppers are HIGHLY ALKALINE

Label language

− Limited flow trumps “non-flowing”

− 5 day irrigation

− Treat canals in May prior to rains

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Clipper EUP Trial Conclusions

Good activity on hydrilla

− 200-400 ppb optimal

− 2-4 months control

− Early spring best timing

− High pH can decrease control

− Can tank mix with Diquat

Excellent activity on water meal and cabomba

− 200 ppb

Apply before the vegetation topped out/established

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Clipper Use Recommendations

Floating Plants

− 1-2 lbs per surface acre (100-200 ppb)

− Apply as a surface spray in shallow areas around edge of

water body

− Apply early season prior to complete surface coverage

− Deeper areas may require a full rate (1.1 lb per acre ft)

Submersed plants

− 1-2 lbs per surface acre (100-200 ppb)

− Apply early season when biomass is lower and before

topping out

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Clipper Value

Ease of application and transportation

− Dry formulation (no water to carry)

− Easy disposal of containers

Fast activity

− Visible activity within a few days

− Customers see results quickly

Versatile

− No water use restrictions (except irrigation)

− May be used around water intakes

− Shallow water with sediment

− Surface or submersed applications

− Tank-mix options with other herbicides

Multi-uses

− Hydrilla, Cabomba, watermeal, duckweed, algae

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Symptoms of Activity: Hydrilla

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Conclusions

Both Clipper and Tradewind highly effective against target

species in Florida

Both products have good selectivity for natives and non-

targets

Both herbicides need to be “applicator tested” in order to

optimize effectiveness in Florida and elsewhere

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Pretreatment: Watermeal and Duckweed

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14 Days Later……Picture Perfect

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Cabomba, Hygrophila, Nuphar, Bacopa

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Questions!