MONTE VERDE, NICARAGUAJim PerlowSonya MilonovaMark HasemeyerMayra OrtizJon GirandDecember 7, 2011

OUTLINE Background Preparing for Participatory Appraisal

PAR team member matrix & contributions Interest group matrix

Analysis of Appraisal SWOC Key concerns MCUA Problem & solution trees Stella modeling Solution prioritization Feasibility matrix Logframe Rights-based analysis Harm-benefit analysis

Next Steps

BACKGROUND

Monte Verde,, Nicaragua

GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURENation – NicaraguaDistrict – MatagalpaMunicipality – TerrabonaComarca (Group of Villages) – PayacucaVillage – Monte Verde

NICARAGUA DEMOGRAPHICS Population: 5.6 million (July 2011) Life expectancy: 71.9 years Probability of dying before 5 years old: 26/1000 live births Population below poverty line: 48% Literacy: 67.2% Access to improved water source: 85%

MONTE VERDE DEMOGRAPHICS Population: 720 Households: 129 Literacy: 54% Households without electricity: 121 Households without access to improved water source: 80 Households without improved sanitation: 54

ORGANIZATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY World Vision distributed ceramic filters to families with children in school El Porvenir has completed an appraisal and has active presence in the community FISE built 70 latrines in 2005 ENACAL promised to dig a well, but has not done so

REVIEW OF EXISTING DATA Community collects drinking water from

small unprotected springs the creek rain water

During the dry season creek and springs dry out women walk 2km to get water from the neighboring community (La Pita), or water is trucked in by the local government

PREPARING FOR PARTICIPATORY APPRAISAL

TEAM MEMBER MATRIXTeam Member Expertise

(Informal) Community Leader LeadershipHealth Worker Health needs and technologiesWorld Vision representative Water FiltersEl Porvenir representative Water/Sanitation/Re-forestationElders History/Culture/Social situationsSchool teacher Education Female leader Needs of womenLocal religious leader Community insightCU SCD group Technical skill set

CONTRIBUTIONSPartners Actors Contributions Short and long term benefits What are their needs for long lasting benefits?Community Leaders

Know what is needed and what resources, skills, materials, & local channels are availableClean water, contributing to community well-being & enhance position within the community Community respect

NGOs Supply knowledge, skills & possible financing to project Help gain community trust & show donors their outputs.Gain community trust and perform monitoring and evaluation while maintaining long-term relationships with the community

Government Financing & regulatory guidanceCommunity receives a clean water source & possible political support

Community will be less dependant on government & government will no longer need to deliver waterFarmers Possible land donation Potential water for irrigation & healthier help.

Water for crops during dry season & long-term clean drinking water for their own consumption.

Interest Groups Meeting Place Key InterestFarmers Centrally located property Economic growth/sustainable farmingWomen Water source Water/Family issues/Health/SanitationYouth Hang out area (ex. soccer field) Education/Water/Sanitation

Religion Religious facility Community guidance & well-beingNGO's At their office WASH, reforestation

Coffee Co-op Co-op gathering location Income generationMen Centrally located property Job creation

INTEREST GROUP MATRIX

ANALYSIS OF APPRAISAL RESULTS

SWOC ANALYSISStrengths Weaknesses Opportunities ChallengesGov. is aware of need for water Lack of potable water Fertile land Gaining outsider trustWorking relationships with NGOs Distrust of government Potential for gov. funding O&M financing

Skilled farmers Limited economic opportunity NGO support Government supportProductive land Lack of electricity Land ownership Land ownershipAbundant rainfall Seasonal rainfall Natural resources HealthLarge workforce Poor road infrastructure Community committees  NGO collaboration Community is organized Poor housing infrastructure   Training & Commitment  Illiteracy    Locating groundwater

People without latrines

No access to clean water

No land ownershipNo electricity

Illiterate

0

250

500

750

Number of community members

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS

KEY CONCERNS Lack of access to clean water Incomplete education Lack of access to improved sanitation

KEY CONCERNS-WEIGHTED ANALYSIS     Access to Potable Water Access to Functional

Latrines Improved Education

Criteria Weight (1-10) Score Score x

Weight Score Score x Weight Score Score x

Weight

Sustainability 7 7 49 2 14 9 63

Community Acceptance 6 9 54 4 24 6 36

Cost Effectiveness 4 8 32 5 20 7 28

Feasibility 5 4 20 8 40 5 25

Environmental Impact 3 9 27 9 27 2 6

Political Acceptance 2 8 16 4 8 9 18

Community Ownership 9 8 72 3 27 7 63

Operation Maintenance 6 6 36 1 6 4 24

TOTAL 306 166 263

Provide consistent access to clean water for the community of Monte Verde to improve quality of life

IDENTIFIED OBJECTIVE

Lack of access to clean water

No distribution

systemNo

ground-water

collectionSprings dry up

in summe

r

No money for

infrastructure

No govt regulatio

n

Water sources are

polluted

Not enough sanitation systems

No protection of surface

water sourcesPoor

education

Lack of road

infrastructure

Lack of $ to pay

teachers

Lack of communit

y organizati

on

Lack of water

No rainwate

r collectio

n

Lack of land

ownership

Water related

diseases

Poor hygiene

No community

empowerment

Lack of income

Lack of treatme

nt

Lost work & school

days

Increased money spent on medical

careLost time collecting

water

Less productivi

tyHygiene-related

diseasesNeed to

walk far for water

Less skilled labor

Lack of job

creation

Community is less

empowered

No development projects

Less capital growth

Reduced quality of

life

No ground-water

collectionSprings dry up

in summe

r

No money for

infrastructure

No govt regulatio

n

Not enough sanitation systems

No protection of surface

water sourcesPoor

education

Lack of road

infrastructure

Lack of $ to pay

teachers

Lack of communit

y organizati

on

No rainwate

r collectio

n

Lack of land

ownership No community

empowerment

Lack of income

Lack of job

creation

FOUR MAIN ROOTSNo

distribution system

Water sources are

polluted

Lack of water

Lack of treatme

nt

Lack of access to clean water

Access to clean water

Distribution system

Wells

Money for infrastructu

reGovt

enforcement

Clean water

sourcesFull

sanitation coverage

Protection of surface

water sources

Poor educatio

nRoad infrastructu

re Money to pay

teachers

Community

organization

Water availability

Rainwater collection

Land ownershi

p

Improved health

Community empowerme

nt

Less distance to

water

Improved hygiene

Less travel time

Community empowerme

ntMoney

Treatment

More productivit

yLess

spending on medical

care

Job creation

Ability to attend school

& work

More incomeImproved

education

More skilled labor

More development projects

Community well being

Improved agriculture

SOLUTION IDEAS FROM PAR RESULTS Rainwater Catchment System

Treatment: Filtration and Chlorination Drill Deep Wells

Treatment: None or Chlorination Spring Water Storage and Distribution System

Treatment: None or Chlorination

DECISION ANALYSIS: RANK ORDER CENTROID (ROC) METHOD Determines which solution would work best for Monte Verde. ROC Method

Determine a list of factors that are of concern Assign a value to every factor for each alternative Rank the factors in order of importance Calculate and analyze results

ROC MATRIXRank Order Centroid Solution Decision Analysis

Overall Ranking Factors Deep Wells Rainwater Catchment Spring Water Storage8 Treatment 5 2 51 Acceptance 4 1 23 Capacity 5 2 32 Reliability 4 2 36 Flow 5 2 37 Cost 1 4 34 Feasibility 2 4 35 O&M 3 1 5

ROC RESULTS

According to the ROC results, deep wells provide the best overall solution.

STELLA MODEL Shows the community relationships from a systems perspective. How would the installation of a new well impact Monte Verde?

STELLA MODEL

STELLA MODEL RESULTSCurrent situation. People lose access to water during the dry season.

Simulation ran over a three month time period.

STELLA MODEL RESULTSWell installed. People have access to clean water through the dry season.

Simulation ran over a three month time period.

PROBLEM, GROUP, ACTION FEASIBILITY MATRIX Feasibility Matrix Jim

Partners Actors Their contributions Their short and long term benefits What are their needs for long lasting benefits?Community Leaders Know what is needed and what resources, skills, materials, and local channels are available

Clean water, contributing to community well-being and enhance position within the community Community respect

NGOs Supply knowledge, skills and possible financing to project Help gain community trust and show donors their outputs.Gain community trust and perform monitoring and evaluation while maintaining long-term relationships with the community

Government Financing and regulatory guidance Community receives a clean water source and possible political supportCommunity will be less dependant on government and government will no longer need to deliver water

Farmers Possible land donation Potential water for irrigation and healthier help. Water for crops during dry season and long-term clean drinking water for their own consumption.

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK   Description- narrative Activities

Objective 11. Increase amount of available water (at least 20 L/ person/ day) to provide enough water to meet all domestic water needs year-round.

1.1. Well(s)1.1.1. Land acquisition 1.1.2. Install wellObjective 2

2. Water treatment for drinking and cooking (5 L/person/day)--100 % of residents drink safe water year-round2.1. Test well water2.2. Buy disinfectant

Objective 33. Education and training for community members to understand importance of conservation for water to last all year and hygiene to prevent spread of disease; community empowerment

3.1. Formation of a water committee to raise funds and make decisions about water systems 3.2. Training of mechanic or committee on how to operate and maintain systems3.3. Education3.3.1. Conservation 3.3.2. Hygiene3.3.3. Proper water storage

LOGICAL FRAMEWORKVerifiable indicators Modes of evaluation or verification Assumptions (critical for project success)1.1. Well properly installed and maintained1.1.1. Land acquisition certificate1. No more trucked in water

1. Observation/monitoring1. Surveys and interviews1. Government records of water trucks sent to Monte Verde

1. Water rights1. Land owndership and space1.1.1. Water found1. Truthful answers to surveys1. Money1. 20 L/person/day is enough2.1. Water quality consistent with WHO standards2.2. Disinfectant bought 2.1. Water testing2.2. Observation 2.1. Water testing materials & expertise available in community2.2. Can get and afford materials3.1. Committee formed and meets regularly; has plan for funding project3.2. Mechanic/committee understand how to operate & maintain systems, where to get spare parts, etc.3.3. % of adults & children understand why conservation, hygiene, & proper storage are important

3.1 Committee meeting minutes, schedule for project completion, method to collect funds3.2. Mechanic O&M logs3.3. Surveys and interviews3. Community is willing & has time to devote to committee, training, O&M

CLOSING THOUGHTS

RIGHTS-BASED ANALYSISThe right to water is the right of everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, and physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses.(UN, November 2002)The UN reconfirmed Right to Water and for the first time Right to Sanitation. They are essential to the realization of all human rights. (UN, July 2010)

BENEFIT/HARM ANALYSIS• Benefit - We are addressing one of the communities’ human needs. As part of the Key-Concerns Weighted Analysis, the community identified access to potable water as one of their top three concerns. • Benefit/Harm The construction of a well has the opportunity to supply the community with water for years. We want to come up with a sustainable well design; otherwise, we could harm the community by giving them false hope and delaying meeting this important need in their community.

BENEFIT/HARM ANALYSIS Inequality – The goal is to meet the community’s need for safe water, but we risk creating inequality if we do not provide potable water for the entire community. Inclusivity - A benefit of the project is to provide everyone a chance to contribute to the well-being of their community. Our appraisal attempts to include all representative groups.

NEXT STEPS Capacity and risk analysis Detailed solution design Detailed implementation plan of activities Monitoring and evaluation Exit strategy

GRACIAS!PREGUNTAS?

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHYGeneral CARE Project Design Handbook, Richard Caldwell, Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), Atlanta, USA, 2002. Recovering Sustainable Development, David G. Victor, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2006, Vol. 85, No. 1. Global Burden of Disease, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, May 2011. Improving Water Governance in Kenya Through the Human Rights Based Approach, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Kenya and UNDP Governance Facility (WGF), November 2007 https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watergovernance.org%2Fdocuments%2FResources%2FReports%2FBASELINE_REPORT_HRBA_Kenya.pdf

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHYNGO Partners El Provenir – Clean Water for Nicaragua, http://elporvenir.org/page/how-we-work Nicaragua Monitoring Report 2010, Water for People, World Water Corps, http://www.waterforpeople.org/flow-mapping/monitoring-reports.html CRS Work in Nicaragua, Catholic Relief Services,http://crs.org/nicaragua/projects.cfm Final Design Report, Matagalpa Infrastructure Improvements, Engineers Without Borders, Portland State University Chapter, https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewbpsu.org%2Ffiles%2FMatagalpaHogar_Report.doc

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHY

Nicaragua – Land, Health and WaterLand Tenure and Property Rights, USAID http://usaidlandtenure.net/usaidltprproducts/country-profiles/nicaragua/country-profile-nicaragua#Minerals_Nicaragua Human Development Index, Child Mortality, Improved Water Sources, Sanitation, Paved Roads and Income per Person, , Gapminder World, gapminderworld.org,Childhood Diarrhoea and Its Prevention in Nicaragua, Determinants of Domestic Water Use in Rural Nicaragua, Sandiford, P, Gorter AC., Orzco, J.G., and Pauw, J.P., Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1990; 93:383-389, Liverpool, UK. www.icas.net/new.../Determinants%20domestic%20water%20use.pdfMaps-Nicaragua, Terrabona & Monte VerdeAdministrative Map of Nicaragua – Nations Online ProjjectTerrabona, Nicaragua 1:50,000 Contour Map (20 meter CI) showing Monte Verde at Lat. 1246’43.6’N, Long. 8556”18.56”W (100 meter Grid Square Coordinate: 131146), Defense Mapping Agency, Hydrographic/Topographic Center, Washington, DC, 1986, http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/topo/nicaragua/terrabona-nicaragua-50k-3054iii-1986.pdf 

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHYGoogle Earth database, Imagery Date 12/5/2010, http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2"<coordinates>-85.9384893,12.77879224, accessed 10/07/11 

Rights-Based & Benefit/Harm AnalysisSilver, David. “Checklist for Project Integrity in the Context of Development as Transformation.”“The Human Right to Water and Sanitation.” United Nations Website: http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml . Accessed December 5, 2011.

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHYGovernanceCulture Matters, The Real Obstacles to Latin American Development, Oscar Arias, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2011, Vol. 90 No. 1. Ortega Won’t Let Go of Nicaragua, Mary Anastasia O’Grady, Wall Street Journal, 10/31/11. The New Nicaraguan Water Law In Context – Institutions and Challenges for Water Management and Governance, Paula Novo and Alberto Garrido (University of Madrid), International Food Policy Research Institute, July 2010, http:// www.ifpri.org/publications

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHY

Department of MatagalpaCommunity Resources, http://fincaelcoqui.com/city-of-matagalpa-nicaragua/ Bean Growing Environments in Nicaragua, Michigan State Universary, 2001https://www.msu.edu/~bernsten/beanatlas/Country%20Pages--withGIS/Nicaragua/2.BeanGrowingEnvironments/nicaragua_text_bean_growing_environments.htm Climate and Weather: http://www.worldweatheronline.com/weather-averages/Nicaragua/1616762/Matagalpa/1618707/info.aspx Consolidated Data by Health Post In Region, Including Gastrointestinal, Respriatory and Skin Infections, -(Need source document) 

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHY

Municipality of Terrabona – Appraisal Analysis Terrabona en cifras, Instituto Nacional de Informacion de Sarrollo, (INIDE), Marzo, 2008, www.inide.gob.ni, (personal communication from Chalie Z. Nevarez. October 2011) Field Notes of Visited Communities (of Terrabona, including Monte Verde), El Provenir, June 9, 2011, (personal communication from Chalie Z. Nevarez. October 2011) Drought Sweeps Terrabona, Local Newspaper clipping dated June 6, 2011, (personal communication from Chalie Z. Nevarez. October 2011) Clean Water for Nicaragua, El Porsvenir, not dated, (personal communication from Chalie Z. Nevarez. October 2011) Terrabona Results (a spreadsheet analysis of water, sanitation and hygiene indicators), (personal communication from Chalie Z. Nevarez. October 2011)

APPENDIX - BIBLIOGRAPHY

Community of Monte Verde- Appraisal Analysis Monteverde Household Interview Data, El Provenir, June 13-14, 2011, (Water, sanitation and hygiene data for 17 households in Phase I area of Monte Verde community. (personal communication from Chalie Z. Nevarez. October 2011) Photos of Monte Verde Households and Community Infrastructure, El Provenir, June 2011, (personal communication from Chalie Z. Nevarez. October 2011)