Jet Engine Design.pdf

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AFRL-PR-WP-TR-1999-2028

THEINTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVEMULTI-DISCIPLINARY JETENGINEDESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM

NICHOLAS J.KUPROWICZ

A IR FORCEINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY2950PSTREET WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433-7765

JANUARY1999

FINAL REPORT FOR MARCH1997-DECEMBER1998

APPROVED FOR PUBLICRELEASE;DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

PROPULSION DIRECTORATE A IR FORCERESEARCH LABORATORY A IR FORCEMATERIEL COMMANDWRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCEBASEOH45433-7251

urn=' 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 60 4 5


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NOTICE USINGOVERNMENTRAWINGS,PECIFICATIONS,RTHERA TA INCLUDEDNHISO CU ME NTORNYURPOSETHERHA N GOVERNMENTRO CU RE ME NTDOESOTNANYW A YBLIGATEHEUSGOVERNMENTHEA CTHA THEOVERNMENTO RMU LA TE DR SUPPLIEDHERAWINGS,PECIFICATIONS,RTHERA TAOESO T LICENSETHEHOLDER OR A N Y OTHER PERSON OR CORPORATION;OR CONVEY A NYIGHTSRERMISSIONOANUFACTURE,SE,RELLNY PATENTED INVENTION THATM A Y RELATETOTHEM.THISRE PO RTISRELEASABLEOTHENATIONALTECHNICALNFO RMA TIO NSERVICE(NITS).TNTIS,TWILLBEAVAILABLETOTHEGENERALPUBLIC,INCLUDING FOREIGN NATIONS.THISECHNICALEPORTASEENEVIEWEDNDSPPROVEDORPUBLICATION.

ERROL G.BLEVINSProjectEngineerEngine Integration& AssessmentBranchTurbineEngineDivisionPropulsion Directorate

RICHARDJ ,; ChiefEngine Integration& AssessmentBranchTurbine EngineDivisionPropulsionDirectorate

CjZ6^i~ /(traftWILLIAM E.KOOP Chief ofTechnologyTurbineEngine DivisionPropulsionDirectorate

Donotreturncopiesofthisreportunlesscontractualobligationsornoticeonaspecificdocumentrequireitsreturn.


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REPORT DOCUMENTAT ION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188Publ ic report ingbu rdenfor this co l l ect ionof informat ion s est imated to aver tge ou r pe rr e s p o n s e , n c l u d i n gth e t ime fo r reviewingi ns truct ions ,s e a r c h i n g ex ist ingda tasources,gathe ringan d maintain ing the data needed ,en d complet ing an d rev iewing th ecollection fnformat ion .en dcommen t s egardinghi sburdenest imate oran yo the raspectof his collection ofnformat ion ,n c l u d i n gsuggest ionsfo r edwi nghi sburden,oWashingtonHeadquarte rs Services ,Di rectorate or nformat ion Operat ions an d Reports ,1215 Jef ferson DavisHighway , Su i t e1204,Arl ington ,VA222024302,an d to th eOf f i ceof Managemen tan d Budge t ,Pape rwo rkReduct ion Pro ject(0704-0188I.Washington , DC 20603. 1.AG ENCYUSE ONLY ( L eave b lank) 2.REPORT DATE

JANUARY1999 3 . R E P O R T T Y P E AND D A T E S C O V E R E D

FINALREPORT FORMAR1997 -DEC19984. I TLE AND SUBT I T L E THEINTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE MULTI-DISCIPLINARY JE T ENGINE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM6.AUTHOR (S )

NICHOLASJ.KUPROWICZ

5.U N D I N G N U M B E R S IN -HOUSEPE 62203 PR 3066 TA 11W U TC

7.E R F O R M I N G O R G A N I Z A T I O NN A M E ( S )A N D A D D R E S S ( E S )AIRFORCEINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY 2950PSTREETWRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB,OH45433-7765

8. PER FORM I NG ORGAN I Z A T I O NR E PO R T NUMBER

9.SPONSOR ING /MON I TOR ING AGENCY NAME(S ) AND ADDRESS (ES )PROPULSION DIRECTORATE AIRFORCERESEARCH LABORATORYAIRFORCEMATERIEL COMMAND WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB,OH45433-7251POC:RROL G.BLEVINS.AFRL/PRTA.937-255-5308

10 .SPONSOR I N G /MON I T O R I N GAG ENCYR E PO R T NUMBER AFRL-PR-WP-TR-1999-2028

11 .SU P P L EMEN TAR YNO TES

12a.D ISTR IBUT ION AVAILABIL ITY STA T EMEN T APPROVEDFOR PUBLICRELEASE;DISTRIBUTIONUNLIMITED

12b.D ISTR IBUT ION CODE

13 .ABS TRACT (Max imum 200words )Theintegratedmulti-objectivemulti-disciplinary jetenginedesignoptimization program isan analys istooltoa id engineersin th econcep tua lenginedesign process .heprogram allows performance evaluationof aspecifiedengineoraspecified aircraf t/enginecombina t ionat given operatingcondit ionsorovera given miss ion.naddition,theprogram al lowsth e selectionof values forspecifiedengine parametersthatyieldth ebes tcompos i t eperformance atoneorm o r eoperating condit ionsorovera given mission.inally,th e program utilizesmulti-objectiveoptimizationtechniquestos imultaneously addressconf l ict ingobject ivessuchas maximizing performance andminimizing fueluse,size,andcost.This reportis pr imar i ly a software user 'sguide toprovideinstruction onusing th eIntegratedMulti-Objective Multi-Discip l inaryJetEngine Design Optimization Program.hegeneticalgorithm routinesusedin theprogramare based on anexisting public-domain package.heaircraftdesign program is basedon a AIAA sponsoredcode.h eengineperformanceprogram isaproprietaryDOD-limitedcode.14 .SUBJEC TT E R M S Je tEngineOptimization,Micro-GeneticAlgor i thm,GeneticAlgori thm, Non-Linear Optimization,Estimation,Kriging

15 .NUMBER OFPAG ES 8 1 16 .PR ICE CODE

17. SECUR I TY CLASS I F ICAT IONOFR E PO R T UNCLASSIFIED

18 .SECUR I TY CLASS I F I CAT IONO F TH I S PAGE

UNCLASSIFIED 19 .SECUR I TY CLASS I F I CAT ION

O F ABS TRACT UNCLASSIFIED

20 .L I M I T A T I O N O F ABSTRACTSAR

Standard F o r m 29 8(Rev.2-89)( E G )Prescr ibed by ANS IS td .239.18Designed u s i n g Perform Pro ,WHS /D IOR ,Oc t94


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ContentsExecutiveSummary1 SoftwareUser'sGuide

1.1verview1.1.1ardwareandSoftwareRequirements1.1.2ainFunctionalAreas1.1.3raphicalUserInterface1.2ataElements1.2.1ERMAPInputFile-NameandPath1.2.2ngineOnDesignSpecification1.2.3ngineMaximumLimits1.2.4ngineMinimumLimits1.2.5ff DesignPointDefinition1.2.6esiredOutputs-OnDesign1.2.7esiredOutputs-Off Design1.2.8ircraftDragFile-NameandPath 11.2.9ircraftConstants 11.2.10AircraftTakeoffWeight 21.2.11AircraftSizingParameters 21.2.12MissionProfile 31.2.13MissionConstants 51.2.14nstallationLossModel 61.2.15DesignVariableConfiguration 81.2.16DesignObjectiveswithAircraftMission 81.2.17DesignObjectiveswithoutAircraftMission 01.2.18GeneticAlgorithmOptions 01.2.19KrigingOptions 21.2.20Output-GeneticAlgorithmEndPopulation 21.2.21Output-GeneticAlgorithmBestPopulation 21.2.22Output-GeneticAlgorithmTraceInformation 31.2.23Output-BestSolution 31.2.24Output-CycleAnalysis 31.2.25Output-MissionAnalysis 3

1.3ileFormatsandLimitations 51.3.1 TERMAPInputFile 5

m


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1.3.2ircraftDragFile 51.3.3ubsonicNozzleDragFile 61.3.4ransonicNozzleDragFile 6 1.3.5upersonicNozzleDragFile 6 1.3.6atlabDataFiles 6 1.4irstTimeSetup 7 1.5unningtheProgram 81.5.1rimaryMenu 81.5.2ainFunctionalAreaMenus 91.5.3dditionalFunctionsMenu 0

1.6imitations 11.6.1eneticAlgorithmOptimizer 11.6.2issionEvaluation 11.6.3ERMAP 21.6.4raphicalUserInterface 3 1.6.5riging 3 SoftwareDesignDocument 42.1verview 52.1.1cope 52.1.2ntendedReader 52.1.3ertinentMatlabConcepts 52.1.4ertinentTERMAPConcepts 6

2.2verallStructureandDecomposition 7 2.3ataModule 7

2.3.1serSuppliedASCIITextDataFiles 7 2.3.2/OWithMatlabDataStorageFormat 8

2.4eneticAlgorithmModule 82.4.1urposeandHighLevelOperation 82.4.2ccessing 82.4.3lobalData 92.4.4oduleDecomposition 02.5raphicalUserInterfaceModule 02.5.1urposeandHighLevelOperation 02.5.2ccessing 02.5.3lobalData 12.5.4oduleDecomposition 12.6nitializationModule 12.7nstallationLossModule 12.7.1urposeandHigh-LevelOperation 12.7.2ccessing 12.7.3lobalData 2

2.7.4oduleDecomposition 22.8unctionalAreasModule 3

2.8.1urposeandHighLevelOperation 3 2.8.2ccessing 3 IV


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V 2.8.3lobalData 32.8.4oduleDecomposition 4

2.9rigingModule 4 2.10owerLevelModule 4 2.11MissionAnalysisModule 4 2.11.1urposeandHighLevelOperation 4

2.11.2Accessing 4 2.11.3GlobalData 6 2.11.4ModuleDecomposition 6

2.12TERMAPI/OModule 6 2.12.1urposeandHighLevelOperation 6 2.12.2Accessing 6 2.12.3GlobalData 82.12.4ModuleDecomposition 8

UnitListing 03.1eneticAlgorithm 13.2raphicalUserInterface 23.3nitialization 4 3 .4nstallationLoss 53.5unctionalAreas 53.6owerLevel 63 .7ission 63.8ERMAPI/O 83 .9riging 9DataListing 04.1nitGraphics 14 .2nitSizingTypes 4 4 .3nitLossTypes 4 4 .4nitDataStruct 4 4 .5nitLegTypes 7 4 .6nitLegMapping 84 .7nitMessages 94 .8nitPICStr 94 .9enPICStrDisplay 94.10nitErrors 04.11nitMissConstants 14.12nitKrigingData 4


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ListofFigures1.1creenAreas1.2ngineOnDesignSpecification1.3ngineMaximumLimits1.4ngineMinimumLimits1.5ff DesignPointDefinition1.6esiredOutputs-OnDesign 01.7esiredOutputs-Off Design 01.8ircraftConstants 11.9ircraftTakeoffWeigh t 21.10AircraftSizingParameters 21.11MissionProfile 31.12MissionConstants 51.13nstallationLossModel 71.14DesignVariableConfiguration 91.15DesignObjectiveswithAircraftMission 91.16DesignObjectiveswithoutAircraftMission 01.17GeneticAlgorithmOptions 11.18rimaryMenu 81.19tandAloneEngineCycleAnalysisMenu 91.20AdditionalFunctionsMenu 1

VI


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ListofTables1.1ircraftConstants 11.2egTypes 31.3egConstants 41.4issionConstants 61.5on-ConstantLossModelData 7 1.6issionAnalysisOutput 3 2.1atlabDataTypes 52.2eneticAlgorithmInputFields 82.3eneticAlgorithmOutputFields 92.4nstallationLossModelInputs 22.5nstallationLossModelOutputs 22.6issionAnalysisInputData 53 .1eneticAlgorithmUnits 13 .2raphicalUserInterfaceUnits 23 .3nitializationUnitListing 4 3 .4nstallationLossModuleUnitListing 53 .5unctionalAreasUnitListing 53.6owerLevelUnitListing 6 3 .7issionUnitListing 7 3 .8ERMAPI/OUnitListing 94.1lobalDataCreatedbyInitGraphics 14 .2lobalDataCreatedbyInitSizingTypes 4 4 .3lobalDataCreatedbyInitSizingTypes 4 4 .4lobalDataCreatedbyInitDataStruct 4 4 .5lobalDataCreatedbyInitLegTypes 7 4 .6lobalDataCreatedbyInitLegMapping 84 .7lobalDataCreatedbyInitErrors 04 .8lobalDataCreatedb yInitMissConstants 14 .9lobalDataCreatedb yInitLeg Mapping 4

vn


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ExecutiveSummaryTheIntegratedMulti-ObjectiveMulti-DisciplinaryJetEngineDesignOptimizationProgramisananalysistooltoaidengineersin theconceptual jetenginedesignprocess.pecifical ly,ital lows

erformanceevaluationofaspecifiedengineatgivenoperatingconditionserformanceevaluationof aspecifiedaircraft/enginecombinationoveragivenmissionelectionofvaluesfo rspecif iedengineparametersthatyieldthebestompositeperfor-

manceatoneormoreoperatingconditionselectionofvaluesfo rspecifiedengineparametersthat,whenintegratedwiththeaircraft,

yieldthebestcompositeperformanceoveragivenmissionOptionalinclusionofnon-constantinstallationlossesduringevaluationOptionalabilitytosizeaircraftwhileoptimizingoveramissionAbilitytotailoroptimizationb ymodifyingallpertinentoptimizationcontrolparametersAbilitytoreducetotalruntimebyincludingadaptivefunctionestimation(kriging)EnginecycleanalysisisperformedusingTERMAPxasophisticatedanalysiscodedevel-

opedbyAllisonADCunderthedirectionoftheUSAFForeignTechnologyDivis ion.AcronymsTheacronymsusedthroughoutthisdocumentaregivenbe low.A/BAfterburnerA/CAircraftGAGeneticAlgorithmGAOTGeneticAlgorithmsfo rOptimizationToolboxGUIGraphicalUserInterfaceI/Onput/OutputOSOperatingSystemRAMRandomAccessMemoryROMReadOnlyMemorySDDoftwareDesignDocument

'TheTurbineEngineReverseModelingAidProgramTERMAP)saproprietary,DoD-Limitedcomputerprogram.Only thatinformationwhich hasbeenapprovedfo rpublic releaseisincludedinthisdocument.


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SUGoftwareUser'sGuideS/WSoftwareTERMAPurbineEngineReverseModelingAidProgramReferences

1.Nadon,uc..P.,MultidisciplinaryndMultiobjectiveOptimizationnConceptualDesignforMixed-StreamurbofanEngines,MSThesis,AFIT/GAE/ENY/96D-6,AirForceInstituteof Technology,Wright-PattersonAFB,OH,996

2.Millhouse,PaulT.,mprovingAlgorithmicEfficiencyofAircraftEngineDesignforOp- timalPerformance,M SThesis,AFIT/GOR/ENY/98M-02,AirForceInstituteofTech-nology,WrightPattersonAFB,OH,998

3.Mattingly,JackD.,Heiser,WilliamH.,Daley,DanielH.,AircraftEngineDesign,AIAAEducationSeries,AIAA,NewYork,98 7

4 . ill,PhilipG.,Peterson,CarlR.,MechanicsndThermodynamicsofPropulsion,2ndEdition,Addison-WesleyPublishingCo.,Massachusetts,992

5.TheMathWorks,Inc., singMATLAB:Version,TheMathWorks,Inc.,99 6 6.TheMathWorks,Inc.,UsingMATLABGraphics:ersion5 ,TheMathWorks,Inc.,99 6 7.AllisonAdvancedDevelopmentCompany ,TERMAPProgramUser'sManual,ol.8. ouck,ChristopherR.,oines,efferyA.,ay ,MichaelG.,AGeneticAlgorithmforFunctionOptimization: Matlabmplementation,ontainedwithheMatlabGAOTtoolbox

Thisreferenceisnotpublic.


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ChapterSoftwareUser'sGuide


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1.1 OverviewThepurposeofthisSoftwareUser'sGuideSUG)stoprovideinstructiononusingtheInte-gratedMulti-ObjectiveMulti-DisciplinaryJetEngineDesignOptimizationProgram.DetailsconcerningsoftwaredesignarecoveredintheSDD.1.1.1 HardwareandSoftwareRequirementsBothUNIXandPCWindowsWindows95/98/NT)operatingsystemsreupportedbytheprogram.UNIXOnmachineswiththeUNIXOS,itisrequiredthatMatlabversion5.1orhigherbeinstalled.Themachinemusthaveaminimum128MbR A M ,ndaminimum26 6M Hzprocessor.tshighlyrecommendedthata17-inchorlargermonitorbeused.

ItisalsorequiredthattheuserfurnishaUNIXexecutableversionofTERMAPwhichhashadtheinterfacingmodificationsoutlinedintheSDD.AUNIXexecutableversionofTERMAPwhichhashadthesemodifications,longwithcompleteFORTRAN-77sourcecode,scontainedonaDoD-LimitedCD-ROMseparate fromhisdocument.

Should theuser desirethe capability todirectly access atexteditorfromwithintheprogram,itisalsorequiredthatanexecutableversionofatexteditorresideontheUNIXmachine.PCWindowsOnmachineswithaPCWindows(Windows95/98/NT)OS,itis requiredthatMatlabversion5.2.1orhigherbeinstalled.Themachinemusthaveaminimum128MbRAM,andaminimum400M Hzprocessor.tishighlyrecommendedthata17-inchorlargermonitorbeused.

ItisalsorequiredthatheuserfurnishaDOSexecutableversionofTERMAPwhichhashadhenterfacingmodificationsoutlinednheDD.henterfacehangesequiredforDOSversionofTERMAParedenticaltohatrequiredforaUNIXversion.

Shouldtheuser desirethecapabilitytodirectlyaccess atexteditorfromwithintheprogram,itis also requiredthatan executable versionofatexteditorresideonthePCWindowsmachine.1.1.2ainFunctionalAreasTheprogramhasbeendesignedaroundacoresetoftasksreferredtosthemainfunctionalareas.achof theseareas,longwithabriefdescriptionoftheirpurpose,sdiscussedinthefol lowingsections.StandAloneEngineCycleAnalysisThepurposeofthisunctionalreasoevaluatengineperformancetpecificoperatingconditions.Thebasicinputstothisfunctionareanondesignenginespecification,anoff designpoint,andthe variablesofinterestfo ranalysis.Outputdataconsistsofondesign andoff designperformancevaluesfo rthedesiredvariables.


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StandAloneMissionAnalysisThepurposeofthisunctionalreasoevaluateombinedircraft/engineperformanceoraelectedmission.hebasicnputsohisunctionrenon-designenginepecification,aircraftcharacteristics,andamission profile.Outputdataconsistsof ale gbyle gperformanceevaluation.EngineOptimizationwithMission-FixedA/CThepurposeof thisfunctionalareaistodeterminetheenginecycleconfigurationwhichopti-mizesamissiondependentcostfunctional.Thebasicinputstothisfunctionareanon-designenginecycle specification(fixed parametersaswellasdesignvariablesandranges),aircraftchar-acteristics, missionprofile,designobjectives,ndoptimizeroptions.utputdataonsistsoftheoptimizer'sbestolutionalongwithlowerevelinformationdescribingtheoptimizer'sperformance.EngineOptimizationwithMission-ScaleableA/CThepurposeofthisfunctionalareaisodetermineheengineycleandaircraftizeonfig-urationwhichoptimizes missiondependentostunctional.hebasicnputsndoutputsofthisunctionreheameshepreviousection,xcepthatircraftizingparametersareusedinsteadofafixedtakeoffweightvalue .Theuseofthesesizingparametersresultsinanadditionaldesignvariablefo roptimizationuns,ndsheeasonorreatingfixedndscaleableaircraftcasesseparately.EngineOptimizationwithoutMissionThepurposeofthisunctionalareaistodeterminetheenginecycleonfigurationwhichop-timizesacostunctionalrelatinganumberofoperatingconditions.hebasicinputstohisfunctionareanon-designenginecyclespecification(fixedparametersaswellasdesign variablesandanges), numberofoffdesignpoints, designobjectiveoreachffdesignpoint,ndoptimizeroptions.Outputdataconsistsoftheoptimizer'sbestsolutionalongwithlowerlevelinformationdescribingtheoptimizer'sperformance.1.1.3 GraphicalUsernterfaceTheentireprogramactssamanipulatoroflarge,tructuredsetsofdatareferredtoasdataelements,nd graphicalusernterfaceGUI)hasbeenbuiltntoheprogramwhichakesadvantagefthisoncept.achdataelementsreatedsnobject,ndependentfanyspecificfunctiontobeperformed.Thisapproachpermitsdataelementstobesharedbetweenfunctionalareas,ndsimplifiestheprocessb ywhichinformationisstoredtoandloadedfromadiskfile.

EachunctionalareahastswnGUImenuinwhichheuserandefinetheontentsfinputdataelements,executethecorefunction,andviewthecontentsof outputdataelements.Thelayoutofeachmenuisidentical,with4separateareasonthescreentodisplayandreceiveuserinformation.TherelativepositionsandsizesofeachareaareshowninFigure1.1.MessageAreaError,warning,andothermessagestotheuserareplacedinthisarea.


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M E S S A G E T A T U S A R E A R E A

O P T I O N S A T A A R E A R E A

Figure1.1:creenAreasOptionsAreaTh eoptionsavailableto th euseratanygivent imeare placedin thisarea.StatusAreanformat ionconcerning thestatusofapplicable dataelementsfo rthedisplayed

menu isplacedin thisarea.DataAreaThecontentsofdataelementsm aybeviewedand/oreditedin thisarea.The menusfo reachof thefunctional areasare accessiblefrom a basemenu which is initially displayedonthescreen. hereisalsoanaddit ionalmenu fo rperformingsecondaryfunctions within theprogram.Before covering furtherdetails andprocedures,a review of all dataelementswithin theprogram isprovided.

1.2 DataElementsThissectiondescribesall dataelements usedin theprogram and,whereapplicable,providesa correspondingimagefrom thedataarea.1.2.1 TERMAPInputFile-NameandPathThisdataelementcontainsthen a m eandpathofabaselineTERMAPinputfile.tisviewedoreditedviaastandardfileselectiondialog whoseappearanceisdependentonthecomputersystem being used.An overviewontheuse andl imitat ionsofabaselineTERMAPinputfilewith theprogram is givenin Section1.3.1.


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1.2.2 EngineOnDesignSpecificationThisdataelementcontainsa setof PIC /Datapairswhichcorrespondto fixedondesign engineparameters.yprogramdesign,nomorethat25pairsm aybespecified.heformatofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.2.

m m . wssm W * % ; w m m - . -

R Hi! n p i

Figure1.2:ngineOnDesignSpecificationUnusedentriesm us thaveaPICvalueseto-1. Usedentriesm us taveanin tegerPIC valuein therange from1to2288.

1.2.3 EngineMaximumLimitsThisdatalementontains setfPIC/Dataairswhichcorrespondtom a x im umengine limits.ByTERMAPdesign,nomorethan10maximum l imitsm aybespecified. h eformatofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.3.Unusedentriesm us thaveaPICvaluesetto-1. Usedentriesm u s thaveanin tegerPIC valuein therangefrom1to2288.1.2.4 EngineMinimumLimitsThis dataelementcontainsa se tof PIC/Data pairswhichcorrespondto min imum engine limits.ByTERMAPdesign,nomorethan5minimumlimitsm aybespecified.heformatofthis dataelementisshownin Figure1.4.Unusedentriesm us thaveaPICvaluesetto-1. Usedentriesm u s thaveanin tegerPIC valuein therangefrom1to 2288.


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EES MXWUMUiwr

Figure1.3:EngineMaximum Limits

C ' MIWMt IM UMFT

Figure1.4:Engine Minimum Limits


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1.2.5 OffDesignPointDefinitionThisdataelementcontainsasetofPIC/Datapairswhichcorrespondto anoffdesignpoint .Byprogramdesign,nomorethan25pairsm aybespecified. h eformatofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.5.

m~ MiOE w m

FlFlMriFT

i ir

Figure1.5:OffDesignPoin tDefinition Unusedentriesm us thaveaPICvaluese to-1. Usedentriesm us thaveanintegerPIC valuein therangexfrom1to2288.

1.2.6 DesiredOutputs-OnDesignThisdataelementcontainsase tofPICswhosedatavalueswillbeextractedfromTERMAP during ondesignevaluation.Byprogram design,nomorethat20PICsm aybespecified.The formatofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.6.Unusedentriesm us thaveaPICvaluese tto-1. Usedentriesm us thaveanintegerPIC valuein therangefrom1to2288.1.2.7 DesiredOutputs-OffDesignThisdataelementcontainsasetofPICswhosedatavalueswillbeextractedfromTE RMA Pduring offdesignevaluation.Byprogram design,nomorethan20PICsm ay bespecified.Th e formatofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.7.

'Themodifiedversionof T E RMA Precognizes aPICof3000fo rtheMODEparameter .Theusershouldonlyuse thisintheof fdesignpointdefinition fo rfunctionalareasnotinvolvinganaircraftmission.


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pr e w c

Fiu

p " |

-t

Figure1.6:DesiredOutputs-On Design*fs^ w c

i " :[-I

P Figure1.7:DesiredOutputs-Off Design

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Unusedntriesm us taveaPICvaluese to-1.se dentriesm us taveanintegerPIC valuein therangefrom1to 2288.1.2.8ircraftDragFile-NameandPathThisdataelementcontainsthenameandpathofadragfilefo ranaircraft .tisviewedoreditedia tandardfileelectiondialogwhoseppearancesependentnheomputersystem beingused.noverviewonth euseandl imitationsofanaircraftra gfilewiththeprogram isgivenin Section1.3.2.1.2.9ircraftConstantsThisdataelementcontains variousaircraftrelatedconstants . h eformatofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.8.

jrawoF tz&ms OM IS l a K H H B ta>.f t'S> cameH,aMOBS: r (i/a) *lazifrVROCOTHtn W>'

P B S t W T t H H n n t S E B . D E i S S tti/t) fi

Figure1.8:AircraftConstantsAdescriptionofeachoftheseconstants,longwiththeircorresponding units ,sgivenin

Table1.1.Table1.1:AircraftConstants

Name Units DescriptionNumberofEngines n/a Thisparameterefineshenumberofenginesn-

stalledinanaircraft.MaximumLiftCoefficient n/a Thisarameterefineshemaximumllowable

valueforthecoefficientoflift.Duringmissioneval-uation,thecalculatedvaluefo rtheliftcoefficientis comparedtothismaximumvalue. violationforanymissionle g isf laggedinthemissionoutput.

WingLoading psf Thisparameterefineshealueofaircraftwingloading.tis usedinconjunctionwithtakeoffweighttodeterminewingsurfacearea.

CriticalMachNumber n/a Thisparamterdefinesthe machnumbercorrespond-ingtoabestruiseflightondition.tsusedforallmissionlegsof thebestcruisemachtype.

1 1


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AircraftConstants-continuedName Units DescriptionTakeoffVelocityRatio n/a Thisparameterefines atiofrequiredakeoff

velocitydividedbystal lvelocity.tisonlyusedfo rmission legsof thetakeofftype.TakeoffFrictionCoefficient n/a This paramete rdefinesa coefficientwhich represents theeffectofwheelfriction during atakeoff legeval-uat ion.tisusedin th ecalculation ofatotaldrag coefficientduring takeoff.TakeoffAdditional Drags n/a This parameterdefinesa coefficientwhich represents theeffectoflanding gearandothersourcesofdrag no taccountedfo r in th e A/Cdrag fileduring a take-of fle gevaluation.tisusedinthecalculation ofa

totaldrag coefficientduringtakeoff.1.2.10 AircraftTakeoffWeightThisdataelementcontains thegrosstakeoffweight,in pounds ,of afixedaircraft . h eformat ofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.9.

Figure1.9:AircraftTakeoffWeight

1.2.11 AircraftSizingParametersThisdataelementcontainstheparametersnecessaryfo rdeterminingthegrosstakeoffweightof anaircraftasafunctionoffuelweight.Theformatofthisdataelement,fo ralinearsizingscheme,isshownin Figure1.10.

SSMCTYPEmet

txanaemssosnenHT.- ta/a}" (BlipcozmtHxr b

sans& > ) JXDWHli)

Figure1.10:AircraftSizingParameter s

SizingTypeTh eselectedtype definesthesizing schemewhichwillbeusedfo rgrosstakeoffweightcalcula-tions.Bothl inearandnonlineartypesare supported.

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FuelWeightRangeTheseparameters definea rangeof fuelweightvalueswhich m ay be used fo rgrosstakeoffweightcalculations.CoefficientsTheseparameter sare usedin conjunctionwith a fuelweightvalueto determineagrosstakeoffweight.oralinearscheme,wocoefficientsare usedandgrosstakeoffweightiscalculatedasWTO= CQ+C{Wf,whereWfdenotesfuelweight.oranonlinearscheme,0coefficientsare usedandgrosstakeoffweightis calculated asWTO=CQ+C{Wf+ C2W/2+...+ C9W/91.2.12 MissionProfileThisdata elementcontainsanaircraftmission,organizedbyflightleg. h eformatofthisdataelement,fo raspecificexample ,isshownin Figure1.11.

tmmmm I K T V PE iS^^^^S^^SS^%SSS^S^SSS^fe^Si^S^^

I S T T H S L -2&3213SfQ III!

1 . I PI^Mp^^^^M

Figure1.11:MissionProfile

LegNumberTh eelectedalueefines missionegum be r .pondncluding30missionlegsre suppor ted.LegTypeTh eelectedypeefines,orachegnumber ,whichmissionlegalculationswillbeusedduringmissionevaluation.h enamesofeachlegtype,whichthemselvesshouldprovidean adequatedescription oftheirfunction,are givenin Table1.2.

Table1.2:egTypesTypeUnusedConstan tSpeedClimb - Minimum ClimbAngleConstan tSpeedClimb - Maximum Distance

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LegTypes-continuedNameConstantSpeedClimb-MinimumClimbRateConstantSpeedClimb-MaximumTimeHorizontalAcceleration-MaximumDistanceHorizontalAcceleration-MaximumTimeClimbandAcceleration-MinimumClimbAngleClimbandAcceleration-MaximumDistanceClimbandAcceleration-MinimumClimbRateClimbandAcceleration-MaximumTimeTakeoffConstantAltitude/SpeedCruise-DistanceConstantAltitude/SpeedCruise-TimeConstantAltitude/SpeedTurnBestCruiseMach/Altitude-DistanceBestCruiseMach/Altitude-TimeLoiter-DistanceLoiter-TimeWarmupConstantEnergyHeightManeuverDeliverExpendables

ConstantsUponuserselectionofale gtype,herequiredconstantscorrespondingtothatypeareauto-maticallydisplayed. descriptionofeachoftheseconstants,longwiththeircorrespondingunits,isgiveninTable1.3.

Table1.3: egConstantsName Units DescriptionAltitude ft selfexplanatoryInitialAltitude ft selfexplanatoryFinalAltitude ft selfexplanatoryMachNumber n/a selfexplanatoryInitialMachNumber n/a selfexplanatoryFinalMachNumber n/a selfexplanatoryDistance nm selfexplanatoryMaximumDistance nm selfexplanatoryMinimumClimbAngle deg selfexplanatoryMinimumClimbRate ft/sec selfexplanatoryTime se c selfexplanatoryMaximumTime se c selfexplanatoryRotationTime se c selfexplanatory

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Le gConstants-continuedName Units Description AfterburnerSetting n/a This parameteris used fo rmission legsin which throt-t l ingtoathrustisno trequired. valueof1corre-spondsto m axpower,whileavalueof0corresponds tom ilpower.nyalueetween nd m aye used.AfterburnerOption n/a This parameteris used fo rmission legsin which throt-t l ingto athrustisrequired.Avalueof1permitsth e af terburnerto beused(i fnecessary),while a valueof

0doesnotpermi ttheafterburnerto beused.n ly valuesof 0and1m aybeused.Num berofTurns n/a selfexplanatoryLoadFactor g selfexplanatoryVerticalFraction n/a Avalueof 0correspondstohorizonta lflight,whilea valueof1orrespondsoverticalflight.nyaluebetween 0and1m ay beused.ExpendableWeight lb Thisparamete rcorrespondstotheweightfanob -ject ,uchs weapon,whichseleasedro mh eaircraft .

1.2.13 MissionConstantsThisdataelementcontainsvariousmission relatedconstants. heformatof thisdataelementis shownin Figure 1.12.Adescription of eachof theseconstants ,along withtheircorresponding

namsons,SBFTBxenmusix&w P T T C B "

I s r r . .iiippiiiiiiiii r Figure1.12:Mission Constants

units ,isgivenin Table1.4.

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Table1.4:MissionConstantsName Units DescriptionThrustPercentageIncrease % Thisparameterefines,s percentagef

installedhrust,hemountoncreasen-stalledhrustriorosingtormissionle galculations.hissnecessarynordertovoidpotentialerrorswhichrenotwar-ranted.orexample,uppose,000poundsofinstalledhrustreequiredor hrust-throttlingeg.ithouthispercentagen-crease,evenaninstalled thrust value of5999.9wouldbeinterpretedasafailure.

InitialWeightFraction n/a Thisparameterefines,s ractionofair-craftgrosstakeoffweight ,heaircraftweightathebeginningofamission.nyvaluebe-tween0and1maybeused.

LegFailureOption n/a Thisparameterffectshemannernwhichmissionevaluationsperformed.tsusedwheneveragivenle g failsforanyreason,suchasinsufficientthrust.Avalue of 1al lowsale g failure,afterwhichmissionevaluationcontin-uessftheailedegwasnotontainedntheprofi le .hemissionoutputsflaggedoindicatehisccurrance,ndal lotheroutputdataorrespondingohefailedleghouldeconsideredvoid. valueof2oesnotl low ale gfailure,andifagivenle gfailsthenmis-sionevaluationwillterminate.Onlyvaluesof1nd2maybeused.

A/BThrottlePercentageTolerance % Thisarameterefines,s percentagefuninstalledthrust,thedifferencebetweenre -quiredninstalledhrustndhemountofuninstalledhrustprovidedbyTERMAPwhichufficesoronvergenceuringfter-burnerthrottleiteration.

A/BThrottleMaximumIterations n/a Thisparameterdefinesthemaximumnumberofiterationswhichrepermittedduringf- terburnerthrottling.

1.2.14 InstallationLossModelThisdataelementontainsheariablesecessaryoreterminingtheffectfinstal lation lossesduringmission evaluation. heformatof thisdataelementisshownin Figure1.13.

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Mumtrocr tMISTAHl-tuVMOKlOOHSBWr ossrwrtosspfsmtaiss )

KW^WAOTLWSMeWiisHT'


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Non-ConstantLossModelData-continuedName Units DescriptionInletLossCoeffUpperBound n/a Thisarameterefinesealisticpper

boundfo rtheinletlosscoefficient ,wherethecoefficientis interpretedasinletdragforcedi- videdbyuninstalledthrust.

NozzleMaxCrossSe cArea sqft Thisparameterdefinesthesizeof thelargestcrosssectionalareaportionof thenozzle.NozzleLentoDiameterRatio n/a Thisparameterdefines the lengthtodiameter

ratioofthenozzle,wherethediameteratthelargestcrosssectionalareaisused.

NozzleExitAreaPIC n/a Thisparameterdefinesthecycle-dependent)TERMAPPICwhichprovidesthesizeof thenozzleexit.t isassumedthatTERMAPgivesnozzleexitareainsquareinchesforal lcycles.

NozzleLossCoeffUpperBound n/a Thisarameterefinesealisticpperboundfo rthenozzlelosscoefficient ,where thecoefficientsnterpretedsozzledragforcedividedbyuninstalledthrust.

NozzleDragFile-Subsonic n/a Anverviewnhesendimitationsfaubsonicozzledragil esgivennec- tion1.3.3.

NozzleDragFile-Transonic n/a Anverviewnhesendimitationsfaransonicozzledragilesgivennec- tion1.3.4.

NozzleDragFile-Supersonic n/a Anverviewnhesendimitationsfasupersonicozzledragfileisgivennec-tion1.3.5.

1.2.15esignVariableConfigurationThisdataelementontains se tfPICs,withrangesfo reach,whichwillbeusedasesign variablesfo ran opt imizat ionroutine. h eformatofthisdataelementisshownin Figure1.14.

Unusedentriesm us tave PICvaluese to-1.sedentriesm us tav enintegerPICvaluein therangefrom1to2288.1.2.16esignObjectiveswithAircraftMissionThisdataelementconta insanobjectiveconfigurationfo ropt imizat ioncasesinvolvinganair-craftmission.Th eformatof thisdataelementisshownin Figure1.15.Atpresent ,heam oun toffuelconsumedduringth eaircraftmissionisth eonlyobjectivesuppor ted.The constantsin thisdataelementserveth e purpose of scalingth e fuelconsumption objectivend,s monobjectivease,hecalingwillotignificantlym p a c tpt imizerperformance.Avalueof1shouldbeusedfo rth eobjectivefactor.

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W C KsmppW mmmmmm

-i

i- i

Figure1.14:DesignVariableConfiguration

pm tmimt-wztzmnemM SDBCOSStWOj'-lPTDtrSIIC STCTSUbtrraxO S T O E D 1-ssssnosrrKBD&TE;7 h

Figure1.15:DesignObjectiveswith AircraftMission

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1.2.17 DesignObjectiveswithoutAircraftMissionThisdataelementconta insanobjectiveconfigurationfo ropt imizat ioncasesno tinvolvingan aircraftmission.Theformatofthisdataelementis shownin Figure1.16.

wmaxm*^$wm tam&mmmmm pK&om&0&%&.& raccrim^ mM$$ 8$$$S tactok WtfttftfX i^ Sil&iiM^ift tbnmrr nriHiir

U . . * ' Mm & StkOBt ! I-' i MMiliiII!: f * * ^ * 'llfil Sm r t f i k ! 1 - lIS ( - 1 1 1 ' ' ^

r f c f cdB { ^ i- illlililii- -i ' % $ < fiijl l^ila::& -i( Sea t *R ef*A t - : < p ilpllif ri > S W B |^$jjS| i : I 1 r N

Seen f MBSi ipi rS*ae i-i i IMBI|||;

Figure1.16:DesignObjectiveswithou tAircraftMission

OffDesignPointsItis required thateach off designpoin tspecifiedbythisdataelementbeconta inedin a Matlab datafile.ponelectionftheelectFilebutton, tandardileelectionialogwille providedin whichtheusercan selectanindividual fileconta in ingtheof fdesignpoint .ObjectiveScalingTh evalueofeachndividualobjectiveiscaledtonsurethatachobjectivewillbeofthesameorderofmagni tude.Theoptimistic andpessimistic est imatesservethispurpose,andth e programusestheseto scaleeachobjective in therangefrom0to. heobjectivefactorsare ameasureofimpor tancefo reachindividualobjective,andeach shouldbeapositiven um be r .By implementing objective factorssuchthatthesum ofall usedobjective factorsequals1 ,thentheoverallmulti-objective valuefo ragivendesignwillbein theapproximater angefrom 0to 1 .1.2.18 GeneticAlgorithmOptionsThisdataelementconta insalldefinableparametersfo rth egeneticalgori thmoptimizer.h e formatofthisdataelementis shownin Figure1.17.Adescription ofeachoftheseconstantsis

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Multi-Non-UniformMutationsperGeneration%)Thisparameterefines,s per-centagefpopulationize,henumberoftimes mutationfthemultinonuniformtypeisappliedperevolutioncycle.Untiladditionaltestingisperformed,avalueof5is recommended.

Non-UniformMutationsperGeneration%)Thisparameterdefines,asapercentageofpopulationsize,henumberoftimesamutationofthenonuniformtypeisappliedperevolutioncycle.Untiladditionaltestingisperformed,avalueof5isrecommended.

UniformMutationsperGeneration%)Thisparameterdefines,asapercentageof pop-ulationsize,thenumberoftimesamutationoftheuniformtypeisappliedperevolutioncycle.Untiladditionaltestingisperformed,avalueof5isrecommended.

NumberofHeuristicCrossoverRetriesn/a)hisparameterdefinesthetotalnumberoftimesattemptscanbemadetocreateavalidchilddesignfromtw oparentdesignsbyapplyingacrossoveroftheheuristictype.Untiladditionaltestingisperformed,avalueof3isrecommended.

Multi-Non-UniformMutationShapeFactorn/a)hisparameterffectshemountofchangeadesignvariablecanundergoduringamutationofthemultinonuniformtype.Avaluegreaterthanorequaltothemaximumnumberofgenerationsshouldalwaysbeused.

Non-UniformMutationShapeFactorn/a)hisparameteraffects theamountofchangeadesignvariablecanundergoduringamutationofthenonuniform type.A valuegreaterthanorequaltothemaximumnumberofgenerationsshouldalwaysbeused.

SelectionProbabilityFactorn/a)hisparameterffectshemannernwhichdesignsarearriedvero newpopulation.Untiladditionaltestingisperformed, valueof0.08isrecommended.

1.2.19rigingOptionsThisdataelementefineswhetherornotkrigingistobeusedduringoptimizationroutines.Itsformatisasimplepulldownmenuwhichonlycontainsonlytw ooptions:seKrigingorDoNotUseKriging.1.2.20utput GeneticAlgorithmEndPopulationThisdataelementontainsASCIItext,nmatrixformat,whichrepresentsthepopulationofdesignsexistingattheendofthesimulatedevolution.Eachro wcorrespondstoanindividualdesign,withthevaluesfo reachdesignvariableandtheoverallobjectivevaluegiven.Columnheadersareprovidedwithinthetextfo rinterpretation.1.2.21utput GeneticAlgorithmBestPopulationThisdataelementontainsASCIIext,nmatrixormat,whichepresentsheoverallbestdesignineach generationduringthesimulated evolution.Each ro w corresponds toageneration,

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withthegenerat ionnumber ,aluesfo reachdesignvariable,ndtheverallobjectivevaluegiven.Columnheadersare providedwithin th etextfo rinterpretat ion.1.2.22utput-GeneticAlgorithmTraceInformationThisdata elementcontains ASCIItext,in matr ix format,which represents th e bestandaverageobjectivevaluesfo ralldesignswithin eachgeneration. achro wcorrespondstoagenerat ion,withthegenerat ionnumber ,bestobjectivevalue,andaverageobjectivevaluegiven.o lumnheadersareprovidedwithin th etextfo rinterpretation. 1.2.23utput-BestSolutionThisdataelementcontainsASCIItextwhichrepresentstheoverallbes tdesignfoundduring thes imulatedevolution.Th evaluesfo reachdesignvariableandth eoverallobjectivevalueare given.dentifiersare providedwithin th etextfo rinterpretation. 1.2.24utput-CycleAnalysisThisdataelementontainsASCIItext,ividedintoanon-designsectionandnoff-design section,whichprovidesycleerformanceata.heycledatasrganizedyparameterindexcode,andidentifierswithin thetextpermi tinterpretation. 1.2.25utput-MissionAnalysisThisdataelementontainsASCIItext,ividedbyflighteg ,whichprovidesmissionperfor-mancedata.achmissionleghasdatafieldsasgiveninTable1.6.ieldsbeginningwith=> representdatavaluesfo rasingleengine.

Table1.6:MissionAnalysisOutputName Units DescriptionLegNumber n/a selfexplanatoryLegType n/a selfexplanatoryErrorCode n/a Discussionfhisomponentsivennec -

tion1.6.2.WarningCode n/a Discussionfhisomponentsivennec -

tion1.6.2.InitialVelocity ft/s selfexplanatoryRepresentativeVelocity ft/s selfexplaatoryFinalVelocity ft/s selfexplanatoryInitialAltitude ft selfexplanatoryRepresentativeAltitude ft selfexplanatoryFinalAltitude ft selfexplanatoryInitialMach n/a selfexplanatoryRepresentativeMach n/a selfexplanatoryFinalMach n/a selfexplanatory

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Mission AnalysisOutput-continued Name Units DescriptionDynamicPressure psf selfexplanatoryLiftCoefficient n/a selfexplanatoryDragCoefficient n/a selfexplanatoryDragForce lb selfexplanatory= >IFAIL n/a TheTERMAPFAILparameter.= >MODE n/a TheTERMAPM O D E parameter.=>PLA n/a TheTERMAPPLAparameter.= >PCTRH(l) n/a TheTERMAPPCTRH(l)parameter.=>SFC 1/8 selfexplanatory= >TSFC 1/8 selfexplanatory=>SFC 1/hr selfexplanatory= >TSFC 1/hr selfexplanatory= >UninstalledThrust lb TheuninstalledthrustprovidedbyTERMAP.= >InletLossCoefficient n/a selfexplanatory= >NozzleLossCoefficient n/a selfexplanatory= >InstalledThrust lb selfexplanatory= >InstalledThrustW/Tol lb Theinstalledthrustwiththepercentageincrease

definedbytheuser.TotalInstalledThrust lb Thetotalamountofinstalledthrustaluewhich

theA/Chasavailable. 'Thiswillonlybedifferentfromthepreviousvariableiftherearemultipleen -gines.

ExcessThrust lb Theifferencebetweendragorcendotaln-stalledthrust.ClimbAngle rad selfexplanatory

ClimbAngle de g selfexplanatoryVerticalDistance ft selfexplanatoryHorizontalDistance ft selfexplanatoryTotalDistance ft selfexplanatoryVerticalDistance nm selfexplanatoryHorizontalDistance nm selfexplanatoryTotalDistance nm selfexplanatoryVerticalVelocity ft/s selfexplanatoryHorizontalVelocity ft/s selfexplanatoryTotalVelocity ft/s selfexplanatoryTime se c selfexplanatoryTime min selfexplanatoryTime hr selfexplanatoryInitialWeight lb selfexplanatoryFinalWeight lb selfexplanatoryWeightDifference lb selfexplanatory

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Mission AnalysisOutput continued Name Units Description InitialWeightFraction n/a selfexplanatory Fina lWeightFraction n/a selfexplanatory Anydatawhosevalueis-1signifiesthatitwasnotcalculatedvelocitiesfo rwarmuplegs,fo rexample) .

1.3 FileFormatsandLimitations1.3.1ERMAPnputFileAdefaultTERMAPinputfileisrequiredfrom th euser. heformatofthisfileisthesameas thatnormally usedfo rTERMAPoperat ionwiththefollowing exceptions:

1 . herem us tnotbeanyM A X L I M orE N G M A X definitionswithin th efile.2. herem us tnotbeanyM I N L I M orE N G M I N definitionswithinthefile.3. herem us tbeone,andonlyone,of fdesignpointlinedefinedinthefile.ur thermore,thislinem us tbe$ DDES=0,AST=1,D .

Furtherinformationabou ttheuse ofabaselineTERMAPinpu tfilewith theprogram m aybe foundin theSDD.1.3.2ircraftDragFileThefollowingistaken verbatim fromAircraftEngineDesignbyMattingly,etal.Th econvent ionalform of th elift-drag polarequationis

CD=Cumin+K'CL+K"(CL CjCmin)whereK'isth einvisciddrag du eto lift(induceddrag)andK"istheviscousdrag du etoliftskinfrictionandpressuredrag).xpandingandcollectingliket e rmsshowsthatth elift-drag polarequationm ayalsobewritten

C D=(K'+ K")C2 L-(2K"CLmm)CL+(CWi+K"C2LmJor

C D= KXC\+ K2CL+CDO1.1)where

K1=K'+ K"25


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K2=-2K"CLrnia

CDO W5min+KCiminNotethatthephysicalinterpretationof CD0IShedragcoefficientatzerolift.Also,formosthighperformanceaircraftCunm*0,sothat& 2~0.

Equation1.1stheexpressionusedtocalculatedragcoefficientswithintheprogram.ThevaluesorK\,Ki,andDOtnylightmachnumberreoundyinearnterpolationfthedragablepecifiedwithinhedragile.hedragfilemustnl yontainnumbersnamatrixformat,nocommentsarepermitted.Column1correspondstomachnumber,column2correspondstoK\,column3correspondstoK2,andcolumn4correspondstoCDO-incethevaluesarelinearlyinterpolated,ratherthanapproximatedfromcurvefitting,theresolutionofthedragprofilehasanimpact. lso,extrapolationof thedataisnotsupported,sodatafo razeromachnumberaswellasasufficientlyhighmachnumbershouldbeprovided.1.3.3ubsonicNozzleDragFileForheaseswhereheflightmachnumberisesshan.8 ,ndanon-constantnstallationlossmodelisused,asubsonicnozzledragfileisrequired.Thisfilemustonlycontainnumbersinamatrixformat,nocommentsarepermitted.Column1orrespondstoIMS,andcolumn2correspondstoCD,whereIMSandCDaredefinedinAircraftEngineDesignbyMattingly,etal.

1.3.4ransonicNozzleDragFileForthecaseswhereflightmachnumberisbetween0.8and1.2,andanon-constantinstallationlossmodelisused,atransonicnozzledragfileisrequired.Thisfilemustnl ycontainnumbersinamatrixformat,nocommentsarepermitted.Column1orrespondstoMD,andcolumn2correspondstoCDP,whereM)ndCDParedefinedinAircraftEngineDesignbyMattingly,eta l. 1.3.5upersonicNozzleDragFileForthecaseswheref l ightmachnumberis greaterthan1.2,andanon-constantinstallationloss modelisused, supersonicnozzledragfileisrequired.hisfilemustnlycontainnumbersinamatrixformat,nocommentsarepermitted.Column1orrespondstoIMS,andcolumn2correspondstoCD\M0=I.2,whereIMSandCD\M0=I.2aredefinedinAircraftEngineDesignbyMattingly,etal. 1.3.6atlabDataFilesWhenavingandoadingdataelementsondromadiskile,heprogramusesMatlab's(*.mat)ormat.Thisisatypeof machinelanguage,ndisaccessibleonlythroughMatlab.

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1.4 FirstTimeSetupTheDoD-LimitedCD-ROMseparatefromthisdocumentcontainsthefollowing:

ThedirectoryDatacontainsexampleASCIItextdatafiles.ThedirectoryDevelopercontainsavarietyof fileswhichmaybeusefulfo rfurthermod-

ificationoftheoverallpackage.ThedirectoryDocumentationcontainsalldocumentation,inLaTeXformat,fo rthepro-

gram.ThedirectoryFortrancontainsheoriginalandmodifieders ionsofTERMAP,both

FORTRAN-77odendexecutables,whichwereusedduringdevelopmentn UNIXplatform.

ThedirectoryFunctional_AreascontainsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryG A containsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryGUIcontainsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryInitializationcontainsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryInst_LosscontainsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryKrigingcontainsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryLower_LevelcontainsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryMissioncontainsMatlabsourcecode.ThedirectoryTERMAP_I0containsMatlabsourcecode.ThefileScript.m isasingleunitofMatlabcode.

WiththeexceptionoftheDeveloper,Documentation,ndFortrandirectories,eachoftheabovementioneditemsshouldbecopiedtothesameparentdirectoryontheuser'smachine.A tthispoint,herearetw oadditionalstepsrequired.irst,theusermustplaceaTERMAPexecutable(appropriatelymodifiedfo rusewiththeprogram)intheTERMAP.IOdirectory.ec-ond,theusermustmakechangestothefileScript.minordertopermitMatlabtoaccessa ll sourcecodeandexecutablefilescomprisingtheprogram.CommentswithinScript.m providedetailedinstructionastothespecificchangesrequired.

Itshouldalsobenotedthatallfontinformationfo rthescreendisplaysiscontrolledbythefileInit_Graphics.mwithintheGUIdirectory.Dependingonthemachineandmonitorbeingused,heremaybechangesrequiredtothisfileaswell.CommentswithinInit_Graphics.mprovidedetailedinstructionastothespecif icchangesrequired.

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1.5 RunningtheProgramGettingtheprogram upandrunning isathreestageprocess.

1.nitiateMatlab.2.A theMatlabom m a n dlineprompt ,hangeh eworkingdirectorytothenewhich containsthefileScript.m.3.A ttheMatlabcom m a n dlineprompt ,typeScriptandhitreturn.

1.5.1 PrimaryMenuTh epr imarym en uisthefirsttobedisplayedonthescreen,andservesasabasem en ufrom which all areasof theprogram m aybeaccessed.tisshownin Figure1.18.

I n t e g r a t e d Mu l t i -O b j e c t i v e M u r b ' - t S s c i p i n a r yJetEngineD e s i g n Op t im i z a t i o n P r o g r a m

J W S J t o n cE a g d tC w J c Mil

a n d v f eM MWOAf c io jwi

S i gn QrtmwiOttWm(*s*0fs-ilMfl

EngneO f tW r t of tH f t$wn $&utik/

SaatCp *aaJ ' f l nWMhr t MKK

Prepared ton A irForceResearchLaboratoryProprtston Directorate Turtete EngineDMsion

:Engine integrationand Assessment Branch P repa redb y ;

A irforceinstituteo fTechnologyGraduate Schoo lo lEngineeringDepartment o r Ae ronau t i c sand Ast ronaut ics AK f twa fi**Kr

Figure1.18: r imary Menu Theavailableoptionsfo rthisme nuare:tandAloneEngine ycleAnalysisThisoptiontransfersth eusertothecorrespondingm en ufo rthisfunctionalarea.tandAloneMissionAnalysisThisopt ion transferstheusertothecorrespondingm en u fo rthisfunctionalarea.ngineOptimizationWithMission- ixedA/CThisopt iontransfersheusertothecorrespondingmenu fo rthisfunctional area.

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ngineOptimizationWithMission-ScaleableA/CThisopt iontransferstheusertothecorrespondingm en ufo rthisfunctional area.ngineOptimizationWithoutMissionThis opt iontransferstheuserto the correspondingm en u fo rthisfunctionalarea.dditional FunctionsThisoption transferstheusertoth eAdditionalFunctionsMenu.ExitProgramThisoption,fteruserconfirmation,erminatesheprogramswellsMatlab.

1.5.2 MainFunctionalAreaMenusThesemenusare all identicalin operation,and fo ril lustrative purposestheStandAloneEngine CycleAnalysis Menu willbeusedt h roughoutthissection.Thism en u isshown in Figure1.19.

mem. xDtmts.ncns BSHEOTEB/ssrwsSSE KBC*vsxasHWM: ':I>/mxzx: < B 7E E S J 6 KF O O f lBErmHWBS H S P E C i r H B JS E T t f & Z S S S 0 3 S ,sargenusssis*&st&safxz/SRWTBE6X8)fiPBfiiff?SKSI6H&B& a < Z E B WtVXZIfcdalifordta**.

L ad f i tote ig Cafa: mm w^mMmmWw!ftWkd&3ftnrt ' !

f i f t S e fco W eawnl3a*e Ow e n * Da t * j

Sxer^ftjenrt

iWamtoliifcnB j

Figure1.19: tandAloneEngineCycleAnalysisMenu Theavailable optionsfo rthisme nuare:oadExistingDataThisoptioninit iatesth eprocessbywhichtheuserm ayloaddatafrom fileintothecurrentme nudatast ructure.dditionalinformat ionconcerningthisopt ion iscoveredlaterin thissection.iew/EditSelectedDataElementThisopt ionbringsup thecontentsofthedataelementwhichisighlightednth etatusrea.ection.2rovidesetailsoncerningdataelements.

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ResetSelectedDataElementThisoption,afteruserconfirmation,clearsthedata elementcontentstoitsoriginalstate.

aveCurrentDataThisoptionnitiatesheprocessbywhichheusermayavedatafromthecurrentdatastructuretofile.Additionalinformationconcerningthisoptionis coveredlaterinthissection.

xecuteProgramThisoptioninitiatestheprocessby which thecorefunctionfo rthemenuisevaluated.

ReturntoMainMenuThisoptionreturnstheusertothePrimaryMenu.SavingDatatoFileUponselectingtheSaveCurrentDataoption,theuserwillhaveavailablethefol lowing options(whichshouldbecompletedintheordergiven):

electDataElementsThisoptionbringsupalistof dataelementscorrespondingtothedisplayedm e n u .Theuserthenselectsthedesireddataelementstosave.AssignFilenameThisoptionbringsupastandardfileselectiondialogfo rsavingadata

file.The*.matextensionmustalwaysbeused.aveoFileThisoptionphysicallytransfersthedatafromthecurrentmenudatastruc-

turetofile.Done- ancelThisoptioncompletesorcancelstheprocess.

LoadingDatafromFileUponselecting theLoadExistingData option,theuserwillhaveavailablethefol lowing options(whichshouldbecompletedintheordergiven):

electDataFileThisoptionbringsupastandardfileselectiondialogfo rchoosingadatafile.Only*.matfilesmaybeused.

electAvailableDataElementsThisoption bringsupalistofthedata elementscontainedinheilewhichrels opplicableohedisplayedmenu.heuserhenelectshedesireddataelementstoload.

oadDataThisoptionphysicallytransfersthedatafromfileintothecurrentmenudatastructure.

Done- ancelThisoptioncompletesorcancelstheprocess.1.5.3 AdditionalFunctionsMenuThismenuservesasanareatoperformsecondaryfunctionswithintheprogram,andisshowninFigure.20.tpresent,heonlyecondaryunctionwhichmaybeperformedromhismenuisinvokingatexteditor.

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Integrated Multi-Objective Multi-DteciplnaryJet Engine Design Optimizat ionProgram

Preparedtor:- Air Force Research LaboratoryProptislonDlmctoralB : .;Turbtoe Engtoe DMslon

:Engine imegnUio an d AssessmentRanch j Preparedby :

A ir Force Institute I"technologyGraduate School of EngineenngDepartmentof Aeronauticsan d Astronautics

Figure1.20:AdditionalFunctionsMenu 1.6 LimitationsThissection describescurrentl imitations ofth eprogram.1.6.1eneticAlgorithmOptimizerItispossiblefo rtheendpopulat ion to conta inadesign vectorwhoseobjectivevalueisbetterthanthatdescribedasthebes toverallsolution.Thisisal imitat ionwithin theorig inalGAOT package,ndnocorrection hasbeen implemented. h eusershouldchecktheendpopulationfo rthispossibleoccurance. Th erecommended valuesfo rtheGAparametersasdescribed in Section1.2.18are provided fo rnitialtestingpurposesonly.h eperformancefGAptimizerisaseependent ,ndexperiencegainedyusingtherogram willpermi theusertoustomizeheseparameter saccording to specificclassesof problems.1.6.2issionEvaluationItispossible,during a constantspeedclimbmissionleg evaluation,fo rth etotalinstal ledthrustvalueobtained in a non-thrustthrottling modetoexceedthatwhich correspondsto a90degree flightangle.Thismeansthatevenifflightisvertical,theaircraftwillstillbeaccelerating.orthesecases,a thrustthrottling mode isusedwheretheinstalledthrustyieldsa45degreeflightangle.

Theuseofth eMattingly-basednon-constantinstal lation lossmodelrequiressomeapriori

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knowledgeoftherequiredenginesizingparameterscorrespondingtoagivenmissionprofile.A poorselectionofthesesizingparameterscouldproduceunrealisticvaluesfo rtheinletandnozzle lossoefficients,ndns o m easestmaynotevenbepossibletoalculatethem.igorousprovisionshavebeenintroducedintothecodewhichcreateanduseanoverallpass/failstatusofthenon-constantlossmodel.fthecoefficientsareoutofbounds(i.e.negativeorgreaterthantheuserdefinedupperUnfits),orifthecoefficientscan'tbecalculated,thenthisisinterpretedasalossmodelfailure.Alossmodelfailureultimatelytranslatestoamissionle gfailure.

Theerrorandwarningcodefieldsinthemissionanalysisoutputaredisplayedasnumbers,andcorrespondtothefol lowing:0Noerrorsorwarnings.100Theconstraintforthele g wasnotrecognized.hiswascreatedfordevelopmentpurposes

andwillneveroccur.200Datatablelinearinterpolationfailure.300Liftcoefficientviolation.400nsufficientthrust.500heconstraintfortheleg,suchasdistanceortime,wasnotsatisfied.600Theafterburneroptionforthele gwasnotrecognized. Thiswasreatedfordevelopment

purposesandwillneveroccur.700akeoffdistanceconstraintnotsatisfied.800 egfailurecontinuation.900Afterburnerthrottlingfailed.1000ERMAPphysicallycrashed.1100ERMAPreturnedaninfeasiblepoint.1200Unexpectedresult.1300Unable todetermineuninstalledengine settingswhichproducearequired installedthrust.1400nstallationlossmodelfailure.1.6.3 TERMAPUnderextremelyrarecircumstances,itis possiblefo rTERMAPtoproduceaseriesofasterisks(* )insteadofa numericalquantityfo roneormoreoutputvariables.AllTERMAPI/Ois builtentirelyaroundPICcodesandtheircorrespondingdata,andno errorcheckinghasbeenbuiltintosearchfo rnon-numerical datawithintheTERMAPoutput.Acompleteprogramfailurewillresultfthisoccurs.histypeofbehaviorhasonlybeenobservedduringtestingspecificallydesignedtoexerciseTERMAP,andhasnotoccuredatanyothertimeduringdevelopment.

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1.6.4raphicalUsernterfaceIftheuserentersanon-numericalentryinadatafieldrequiringanumericalentry,ndthenconfirmshisselection,aMatlaberrorwilloccur .Althoughtheprogramwillfunctionproperlyafterward,itisrecommendedthattheuserrestarttheprogram.Whenexecutingoneofthemainfunctionswithintheprogram,itis possiblefo rthemessageareatobecomeobscured(insome casesitmayevenbeblank).ThisproblemisduetoMatlab'sinternalqueing process,andcannotbecorrected.ftheuserhasanydoubtastowhetherornotthecodehashung,heorshemaychecktheMatlabcommandwindowforinformationwhichis continuouslydisplayedthroughoutprocessing.1.6.5rigingTherequiredinterfacebetweenall functionalareaswhichperformoptimizationandthekrigingcodeiscomplete.ortrivialcaseswithonlyonedesignvariable,heuseofkriginghasbeensuccessful.ormoremeaningfulcaseswithtw oormoredesignvariables,owever ,ttemptsatusingkriginghavefailed(thekrigingcodephysicallycrashes).Althoughtheinterfacespec-ificationdescribednmprovingAlgorithicEfficiencyofAircraftEngineDesignforOptimalPerformancebyMillhousehasbeenfollowed,themostlikelycauseoftheproblemisduetoahigh-levelinterfacingissue.A ll ofthelowerlevelalgorithmswithintheroutinewerepreviouslyvalidatedforcasesinvolving manydesignvariables,andwereshowntosignificantlyenhancetheoverallengineoptimizationprocess.Withsomeadditionaleffort,thisproblemcanberemedied.

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ChapterSoftwareDesignDocument

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2.1 OverviewThispurposeofthisoftwareDesignDocumentSDD)oescribeth everalldesignfth e IntegratedMulti-ObjectiveMulti-DisciplinaryJetEngineDesignOptimization Program.e-tailsav eeenincludedtoescribethedecompositionofth epackagentomodulesndth e high-leveldatastructurescomprising them.2.1.1copeTherearethreeimportantaspectsthat,withrespectto theoverallscopeofthisSDD,needto beaddressed.First,therearenoformalsoftwarerequirementscorrespondingtodevelopment. Regularmeetingsbetweenthedeveloperandth efundingorganization haveservedasameansbywhichogreenunctionalityndheckrogress.econd,nxplicitescriptionfcalculationsperformedwithinth eprogramisnotiven.llcalculationsareonsis tentwith theeferencedocuments .hird,h isDDrovides igh-levelescriptionftheveralldesign. h edeveloperhasspentconsiderableeffortonmakingth esourcecodeas readable andself-documentedaspossible,andlower-leveldetailsm aybefoundin th esourcecodeitself.2.1.2ntendedReaderThisSD Dswrittenfo rindividualswhoarefamiliarwiththeMatlabprogramminglanguage and theTurbine Engine ReverseModeling Aid Program (TERMAP).Individuals no twellversed in theseareas,owever,shouldhavehavelittledifficultyin navigating t h roughthisdocumen tandunderstanding thebasicconcepts.2.1.3ertinentMatlabConceptsWithth exceptionofTERMAP,llofth erogram'sourceodeiswrittenintheMatlab programminglanguage.able2.1ives listingofMatlabdatatypesreferencedt h roughoutthisSDD.

Table2.1:MatlabDataTypesReferenceName Descriptionscalar Thisisascalarquantity.AlthoughMatlabsupports

complexvariables,noneareusedanywhere withintheprogram.

vector Thiss ectorfdata.ectorsanbefeitherro worcolumntypes.Avectorwithonlyoneentryis equivalenttoascalar.

matrix Thisisamatrixofdata.Amatrixwithonlyoneroworonecolumnisequivalenttoavector.

string Thisisacharacterstring.

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MatlabDataTypes-continuedReferenceName Descriptioncell Thisis acell array,oneofMatlab'smostpowerfulpro-

grammingfeatures.tssimilartoamatrix,exceptthatndexentriesanbeanydataype,ncludingothercel larrays.ThecellMatlabcommandmaybeusedtocreateit.

struct Thissadatastructure,notherpowerfulprogram-mingfeature.tseryimilartotructuresntheC/C++anguages.hestructMatlabommandmaybeusedtocreateit.

cell-struct Thisreferencenamesignifies acombinationofthecellandstructdata types.ThisisnotastandardMatlabdatatype.

uicontrol Thisisauserinterfacecontrol,Matlab'swayofma-nipulatingGUIobjects.heuicontrolMatlabsrequiredtocreateit.figure Thisisaf igure,andisanotherMatlabuserinterface

construct.ThefigureMatlabcommandisrequiredtocreateit.

AnotherimportantMatlabconceptisthatof globaldata.Bydefininganyspecif icvariable(regardlessofdatatype)obeglobal,tsaccessiblefromanyMatlabunitofcode.hisis analagoustocommondatablocksintheFORTRAN-77language.

Lastly,tsmportantonotethateachunitofMatlabodesusedseitherafunctionorasaprocedure.hisdistinctioniscriticalintermsofaccessingandmodifyingdata,ndis analogoustofunctionsandproceduresintheC/C++languages.2.1.4 PertinentTERMAPConceptsTherearetw oimportantaspectsofTERMAPthathaveshapedcertaindesigncharacteristicsofthispackage.

Firstistheconceptofaparameterindexcode(PIC).EachdatavariablewithinTERMAPhastswnuniquePIC,ndhroughheseofFORTRAN-77equivalencetatementseachvariableisaccessibleand/ormodifiablethroughthisidentificationnumber.hisisextremelyconvienentromaprogrammingperspective,ndllTERMAP/OwithinhispackagehasbeenbuiltexclusivelyaroundPICs.

SecondisaimitationwithTERMAPtself.pecifically,TERMAPannotbeusednathrust-throttlingmodeinordertoaattainadesiredthrustwiththeafterburnerengaged.TheworkaroundemployedinthispackageistoiterativelyuseTERMAPinanon-thrustthrottlingmodewhilevaryinghefterburneretting.Newton-Raphsonchemehasbeenemployedfo rheseterations,ndworksquitewell.orccuracieswithin% , otalof2terationsareusuallyrequired.oraccuracieswithin0.1%,norderofmagnitudeincrease, totalof4 iterationsareusuallyrequired.

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2.2verallStructureandDecompositionAllfilescompris ingthepackagearecontainedinan um be rofdirectories.achofthesedirec-toriesrepresents logicalgroupingofrelatedfiles,ndth etermmoduleisusedtorepresentthisassociation. hemodulescomprising th eprogramareoutlinedbelow.DataThismodulecontainsusersuppl ied/generateddatafiles.GeneticAlgorithmThismodulecontainsMatlabcodeto perform functionopt imizat ionus- in ggeneticalgorithms.GraphicalUserInterfaceThismodulecontainsMatlabcodetocontrolthegraphicaluserinterface.InitializationThismodulecontainsMatlab codeto initializeglobaldata usedt h roughouttheprogram.InstallationLossThismodulecontainsMatlabcodeto calculatetheeffectsofengineinstal-lat ion losses.FunctionalAreas h ismodulecontainsMatlabodetoerformtheoreunctionsfth e program.LowerLevelThismodulecontainsMatlabcodeto perform variousutil ity-typetasks.MissionThismodulecontainsMatlabcodeto perform missionanalysis.TERMAP/O h ismodulecontainsMatlabcodeto interface with TERMAP,alongwith auser-suppliedexecutable versionof TERMAPitself.KrigingThismodule containsMatlabcodeto perform function est imat ionusingkriging.Thedecomposition ofeach moduleisgivenin individualsections t h roughouttheremainder of thisdocument.Again,thesesectionsare intendedto providea higherleveldesigndescription only.2.3ataModuleThedatamoduleontainsileswhichreitheruppliedyheserreneratedur ing programxecution.ngeneral,h eprogramonlysuppor tsfilesnASCIItextormatndMatlab-specificdatastorageformat.2.3.1 UserSuppliedASCIITextDataFilesFo rthecasewhereanASCIItextfileisassumedtoconta innumbersinamatrixformat ,heloadMatlabcommandisusedto transferth efilecontentsto amatrixwithin Matlabmemory.TheonlyothercasewhereausersuppliedASCIItextfileisusedbyth eprogram isfo rthemanipulat ion ofabaselineTERMAPinpu tfile.hisfileisnot,owever,oadedintoMatlab memory.urtherdetailsencompass ingtheusageofaTERMAPinputfilebyth eprogram iscoveredinSection2.12.

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2.3.2 I/OWithMatlabDataStorageFormatTheprogramhasbeendesignedtointeractwithMatlabdatafileswhichcontaintw ovariables:GLOBAL.ELEMENTSandG L O B A L _ D A T A .The6L0BAL_ELEMENTSvariableisavectorwhichdefineswhatdataelementsreontainednheile.he L O B A L _ D A T Avariables ombinedell arrayanddatastructurewhichphysicallycontainsdataelementcontents.Refertothesourcecodeforfurtherdetails.

2.4 GeneticAlgorithmModuleThegeneticalgorithmroutinesusedintheprogramarebasedanexistingpublic-domainpack-age ,namedGAOT,developedbyNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.ThefundamentaloperationoftheadaptedversionisthesameastheoriginalGAOTpackage,althoughsignificantchangeshavebeenmadetoimprovecodeefficiencyandreadability.

2.4.1urposeandHighLevelOperationThepurposeof thegeneticalgorithmmoduleistosearchfo radesignwhichoptimizesagiven objectivefunction.TheGAoperatesbysimulatingtheprocessof naturalselection,withindi-vidualdesignstreatedasgenestructures.Beginningwitharandomlygeneratedpopulationofdesigns,anewgenerationis createdby random variations(mutations)andmatings(crossovers) of existingdesigns.Thisnewgenerationistreatedasabaselinepopulationforanothersetofmutationsandcrossovers ,ndtheprocessrepeatsitselfuntilterminationcriteriaismet.

Ake yconceptinherenttogeneticalgorithmsisthefitnessofadesign.Fitnessisameasureofgoodness,ndmustbe calarquantityegardlessfthenumberofdesignvariablesrthenumberofdesignobjectives.heonventionusedwithhisGAshathehigherhefitnessvaluethebetter.Maximizationandminimizationproblemsoracombinationofbothforthecaseof multipleobjectives)repossiblewithcaregiventowardthescalingofobjectivequantities.2.4.2ccessingTheunitGenetic_Algorithmisthesubprogramdriver,andisaccessedasaMatlabfunction.A llinputsandoutputsarepassedinandoutasdatastructures.InputsThereisasingleinputtotheunitGenetic_Algorithm.tisadatastructurewithfieldsgiven inTable2.2.

Table2.2:GeneticAlgorithmInputFieldsFieldName Dataype BriefDescriptionDES_VAR_BOUNDS matrix Rangesfordesignvariables.0BJ_FCN string Nameof theobjectivefunction.POP.SIZE scalar Populationsize.MAX_GEN scalar Maximumnumberofgenerations.

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GeneticAlgorithm InputFields-continuedFieldName DataType BriefDescriptionFIT.TOL scalar Tolerancefo rtw ofitnessestodiffer.AC_PER_GEN scalar Numberofarithmeticcrossoverspergenera-tion.HC_PER_GEN scalar Number ofheuristic crossoverspergeneration.SC_PER_GEN scalar Numberofsimplecrossoverspergeneration.BM_PER_GEN scalar Numberfboundarymutationspergenera-

tion.MNM_PER_GEN scalar Numberofmultinonuniformmutationsper

generation.NM_PER_GEN scalar Numberof nonuniformmutationspergener-

ation.UM_PER_GEN scalar Numberofuniformmutationspergeneration.HC.RETRIES scalar Numberof retriesforaheuristiccrossover. MNM_SHAPE scalar Shapeactoror multinon-uniformmuta-

tion.NM_SHAPE scalar Shapefactorfo rnon-uniformmutation.NGS_SEL_PROB scalar Selectionprobabilityfordesignstobeselected

toanewgeneration.

OutputsThereisa singleoutputto th eunitGenetic_Algorithm.tisa data structurewith fieldsgivenin Table2.3

Table2.3:GeneticAlgorithm OutputFieldsFieldName DataType BriefDescriptionSTART_P0P matrix Startingpopulation.END_P0P matrix Endingpopulation.BEST.POP matrix Bestdesignvectorfo reachgeneration.TRACE.INFO matrix Bestndveragefitnessvaluesfo reachgen-

eration.OPT_DES_VEC vector Overallbestdesignvectorfoundbytheopti-

mizer.

2.4.3 GlobalDataPre-DefinedThereisnopre-definedglobaldatarequiredfo roperat ion.

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CreatedforProcessingAlllobaldatareatedorrocessingyheGAeginswithherefixA _ .achfth e inputsescribedinSection2.4.2asanassociatedglobaldataparameter .orexample ,heD E S _ V A R _ B O U N D Sdatastructureinpu thasglobaldataG A _ D E S _ V A R _ B O U N D S .Therearetw oadditionalglobalparametersdefined.neisG A _ N U M _ D E S _ V A R ,whichisthen um be rofdesignvariables.h eotherisG A _ C U R R E N T _ G E N ,ndrepresentstheinstantaneous generationn um be rduring thes imulatedevolution.2.4.4 ModuleDecompositionAcompletelistingofallunitswithinth eGAmoduleisgiveninSection3.1.heserout inesare amodificationoftheexistingGAOTpackage,andnofurtherdesign infomationisgivenin thisdocumen t .

2.5 GraphicalUserInterfaceModuleThegraphicaluserinterface rout inesusedin theprogram havebeen createdspecificallyfo rthis project . h econceptofdataelements,asdescribedin th eSUG,hasdriven theoveralldesign.2.5.1urposeandHighLevelOperationThepurposeofth egraphicaluserinterfacemoduleistoprovideth euseraconvienentmeanst h roughwhichall funct ionalareasofth e program m aybeaccessed.TheGUImodule itselfacts asamanagerof dataelements,whereth euserisresponsiblefo rdefiningth econtentsofinputdataelementsandthefunct ionalareasare responsible fo rdefiningth econtentsofoutputdataelements.2.5.2ccessingTheunitDisplay.Menuistheoneinitially accessedwithin th eGUImodule ,andm ay becallednumerousimesur ingrogramxecution.tsh eighestevelnit ,buthouldo te consideredthesubprogram driver:h euseris! InputsTherearenodirectinputsto theGUImodule .OutputsThedirectoutputsofth eGUImoduleare ase tofcontinuously updatedMatlab figurehandlesanduicontrol objecthandles which,in total,representwhattheuseractually seeson thescreen.(RefertoUsingMATLABGraphicsbyTheMathworks,Inc.oracomprehens ivedescription of handlegraphics.)Eachoftheseare globallydefined,andhavevariable nameswhichbeginwith theH _ prefix.Thesevariables are createdin theinit ial izationmodule,andth edatachapterofthisdocumentprovidesaddit ionalinformation.

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2.5.3lobalDataPre-DefinedAllglobaldatacreatedwithin theInitializiation moduleisrequired.Createdfo rProcessingTherearenumerousoccasionswithin th eGUIcodewhenglobaldataiscreatedfo rprocessing.Thesearefo rlow-leveldatapassing,owever,ndarenecessarydu etoaMatlabl imitation.Specifically,datavariablesm us teefinedloballyinrderoccess/modifyh emwithin uicontrolcallbackfunctions.2.5.4oduleDecompositionAcomplete listing ofall uni tswithin th eGUImoduleisgivenin Section3.2.Alloftheseunitsarewelldocumented,andfurtherdesignaspectsm aybeaddressedwithin th ecodeitself.2.6nitializationModuleTh einit ial izationmodulecontainsunitswhichcreateglobaldatathatisusedth roughouttheprogram. completelistingoftheunitscomprisingth einitializationmoduleisgivenin Sec-t ion3.3.h eglobaldatainitializedbyeachoftheseunitsisdiscussedin th edatachapterofthisdocument.2.7nstallationLossModuleTwolossmodeltypesare suppor ted byth eprogram: constantlossmodelandanonconstantlossmodel.Theconstantlossmodelistrivial,in thatthedifference between uninstalledthrustandinstalledthrustisalwaysaconstantpercentage.h enon-constantlossmodel,however,isamorerealisticfunctionof flightcondition,enginesizingparameters ,andenginecycleper-formance.h ecalculationsperformedwithin thismoduleareconsistentwithAircraftEngineDesignbyMattingly,et.l.2.7.1urposeandHigh-LevelOperationTh epurposeofth einstal lationlossmoduleisto reduceth euninsta l ledthrustvalueprovidedbycycleanalysisbytheeffectsof inletdragandnozzledrag.toperatesbycalculatingalosscoefficientfo rboththeinletandthenozzle,andthencombiningthesewith uninstalledthrustto produceanoverallinstal ledthrustvalue.2.7.2ccessingTh euni tApply_Inst_Lossisthesubprogram driver,andisinvokedasaMatlabfunction.All inputsare passedin eitherasvectorsorscalars.Alloutputsarescalars.

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InputsTheinputsto theunitApply_Inst_Loss,with namesas givenin th esource code,are givenin Table2.4.

Table2.4:nstallation LossModelInputs VariableName DataType BriefDescription0NDES_PIC vector OndesignPICvector.0NDES_DAT vector Ondesigndatavector.MAXENG.PIC vector MaximumenginelimitsPICvector.MAXENG.DAT vector Maximumenginelimitsdatavector.HINENG.PIC vector MinimumenginelimitsPICvector.MINENG.DAT vector Minimumenginelimitsdata.OFFDES.PIC vector OffdesignpointPICvector.OFFDES.DAT vector Offdesignpointdatavector.UN_THRUST scalar Uninstalledthrust.

OutputsTh eoutputstotheuni tApply_Inst_Loss,withnamesasgivenin thesourcecode,aregivenin Table2.5.

Table2.5:nstallation LossModelOutputsVariableName DataType BriefDescriptionINLET.LC scalar Inletlosscoefficient.NOZZLEJLC scalar Nozzlelosscoefficient.IN.THRUST scalar Installedthrustvalue.MODEL.STATUS scalar Overallpass/failof lossmodel.

2.7.3lobalDataPre-DefinedGlobaldatawith theC_,D_,andD L F T _prefixesare requiredfo rprocessing.CreatedforProcessingThereisnoglobaldatacreatedfo rprocessing.2.7.4oduleDecompositionAcompletefistingofunitswithintheinstal lationlossmoduleisgiveninSection3.4.gain,theseuni tsarewelldocumentedandfurtherdesignissuesm aybeaddressedwithinthecode itself.

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2.8 FunctionalAreasModuleTheunctionalareasmoduleservesshel t imatenterfacebetweenheGUImodulendothermoduleswithintheprogram.eparatedriversfo reachfunctionalareamanageoverallprocessing.2.8.1urposeandHighLevelOperationTh epurposeofthefunctionalareasmoduleistocreatethecontentsofoutputdataelementsbasedonth econtentsofuser-definedinpu tdataelements.achofthefunctionalareashasassociatedwith it an executive uni twhichextractsth erequireddata from inpu tdataelements,performsdatainitializationnecessarytoseothermodules,xecutesthecoreunction,ndcombinesalloutputdataintoASCIItext.2.8.2ccessingEachfunctionalareaisdrivenbyanexecutiveunitwhichendswiththesuffix_Exec.ach executiveuni tisinvokedasaMatlabfunction,whereallinputsarepassedinaspre-defined globaldataandall outputsare ASCIItextcellarrays.InputsTh epr imaryinputisth eglobaldatastructureS _ D A T A _ S T R U C T . OutputsFo reverycase,theoutputisoneormorecellarrayswhichcontain ASCIItext.2.8.3lobalDataPre-DefinedTh e_Execunitsrequiretheuse of globaldatabeginningwith th eprefixesC_,G _ ,P_ ,S_ ,andSE_.Referto thesourcecodeand/orthedatachapterfo rfur therdetails.Createdfo rProcessingForthe_Execcaseswhichinvolveanaircraftmission,globalD _ data describedin Section2.11.2iscreatedfo rprocessing.Fo rthe_Execcaseswhichinvolveoptimization,th eglobalparameterPIC.POINTERiscre-atedossociate IC swithdataontainednesignvectors.lsoorheseases,lobaldatabeginningwithth eprefixes0_andK _arecreatedfo rpassinginformationtotheobjec-tivefunction.he0_datacontainsobjectiveinformation,whiletheK _dataconta inskriginginformation.Thereareothercase-specificglobaldata whichare createdfo rprocessing,butnotdiscussedhere.Refertothesourcecodefo rdetails.

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2.8.4 ModuleDecompositionAgain,thismoduleactsasan interfacebetween theGUIandothermoduleswithintheprogram.Acompletelistingof unitscomprisingthismodulemaybefoundSection3.5.

2.9rigingModuleTherigingmoduleontainsheMatlabodenecessaryorperformingpointwiseunctionestimationusingageostatisticalprocedureknownaskriging.tcontainsasingleunitofcode,Kriging.m,whichsexactlyheameshatgivennmprovingAlgorithmicEfficiencyofAircraftEngineDesignforOptimalPerformancebyMillhouse.onsulthisdocumentorfurtherinformation.

2.10owerLevelModuleThelowerlevelmodulecontainsroutineswhicharefairlygeneral,andnotspecifictoanyothermodulegiveninthisSDD.AompletelistingoftheunitscomprisingthismoduleisgiveninSection3.6.Consultthesourcecodeitselffo rfurtherinformation.2.11issionAnalysisModuleThemissionanalysisroutinesusedintheprogramarebasedonthecontentsMattingly'sref-erence.tsmportantonotehatheseoutinesrendependentofthemissionnalysisprogramnamedOFFXwhichMattinglyreated.lthoughOFFXsobustndtseuseis highlydesirable,theuseof acompletelydifferentenginecyclemodelprecludesitsuse.Ratherthanompletelye-engineerheexistingOFFXpackagenorderouseTERMAPorycle analysis,anewsetofmissionanalysiscodeshasbeencreated.TheoveralloperationissimilartoheOFFXpackage,withmanyftheameer iesofcalculationsbeingperformed.heinterfacewiththeenginecycleanalysismodelisprofoundlydifferent,owever ,andprovisionshavebeenintroducedtomakethemissionanalysisprogrammoreversatile.2.11.1urposeandHighLevelOperationThepurposeofthemissionanalysismoduleistoevaluatecombinedaircraftandengineperfor-mancethroughoutagivenmissionprofile.toperatesbysequentiallyprocessingeachmissionleg,whereinalculationsreperformedbasednheegype,givendata,ndpermissableconstraints.2.11.2ccessingTheunit Mission_Analysisis thesubprogramdriver,andis accessedas aMatlabfunction.Allinputsarepassedinaspre-definedglobaldata.A lloutputsarepassedoutinadatastructure.

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InputsTh einputs to th euni tMission_Analysisare passedin aspre-definedglobaldata.Allof this databeginswith th eprefixD_,asgivenin Table2.6.

Table2.6:Mission AnalysisInputDataVariableName Dataype BriefDescription

D_0NDES_T_5 scalar OndesignTERMAPT(5)a lue .D_ONDES_PIC vector Ondesignparameterindexcodes.D_ONDES_DAT vector Ondesigndata.D.MAXENG.PIC vector Maximumngineimitsarameterndex

codes.D_MAXENG_DAT vector Maximumenginelimitsdata.D_MINENG_PIC vector Minimumngineimitsarameterndexcodes.D_MINENG.DAT vector Minimumenginelimitsdata.D_DRG_TABLE matrix Dragtable.D_TO_WEIGHT scalar Takeoffweight .D_NUM_ENGINES scalar Numberof engines .D_MAX_LIFT_COEFF scalar Maximumliftcoefficient.D_WING_AREA scalar Wingarea.D_WING_LOADING scalar Wingloading.D_MACH_CRIT scalar CriticalMachnumber.D_T0_VEL_RATI0 scalar Takeoffvelocityratio.D_T0_FRICT_C0EFF scalar Takeoff frictioncoefficient.D_GEAR_DRAG_COEFF scalar Additionalfrictioncoefficientfortakeoff.D_THRUST_PCNT_TOL scalar Thrustpercentageincreasetolerance.D_INITIAL_BETA scalar Initialweightfraction.D_MISS_PROFILE cell-struct Missionprofile.D_LEG_FAIL_OPT scalar Legfailureoption.D_AB_THR0T_T0L scalar Afterburnerthrottletolerance.D_AB_THROT_MAX_IT scalar Afterburnerthrottlemaximumnumberofit-

erations.D_INST_LOSS struct Installationlossmodel.

OutputsThereisasingleoutputtotheuni tMission_Analysis.tisacombinedcellarrayanddatastructure,whereeachcellarrayindexcorrespondstoamissionlegandhasstructurefieldsfo rindividualcalculations. heseoutputfieldsarecreatedbyth euni tInit_Miss_Output.

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2.11.3lobalDataPre-DefinedInadditiontothatspecifiedasinpu tparameters ,themissionanalysisprogram requiresaddi-t ionalglobaldatatobedefinedpriortoaccessing.pecifically,allglobaldatabeginningwith theprefixesC_,E_ ,ndLT_areused.urtherinformationconcerningthesem aybefoundin thedatachapterofthisdocument.Createdfo rProcessingTheparameterD _ M I S S _ O U T P U Tisth eonlyglobalparametercreatedfo rprocessing.tiscon-t inually updatedduring processingto assigncalculationsmadefo rindividualmissionlegs.2.11.4oduleDecompositionAcompletel ist ingof allunitswithin th emissionmoduleisgiveninSection3.7.

Onebasic requirementc o mmo nto all mission legsisto obtain anduse instal ledenginedata.TheunitGet_Off_Des ign_Dataservesthispurposefo rallcases,andisitself relativelysimple.Oneoftheunitsitcalls,however,isquitecomplex.pecifically,fo rth ecaseswherethrottlingto thrustsequired,heunitGet_Req_Unin_Dataisesponsibleorhemanipu la t ionfuninstal ledTE RMA P I/Oalong with th einstal lation lossmodel in orderto produce uninstal ledengineset t ingsthatyieldadesiredinstalledenginethrust.2.12 TERMAPI/OModuleTheprogram isdesignedto use TERMAPin a modifiedform.n it sstandardform,TE RMA P isntendedoeusednteractivelyy human .ntsewlymodifiedorm,E RMA Psintendedto beusedautonomous lybyacomputer.h edifferencesbetweenthem strictlydealwith itsinterfaceandthem annerin whichitusesexternalfiles. heinternalprocessingwithin TE RMA Pisunchanged.2.12.1urposeandHighLevelOperationTheurposefheE RMA P/OmodulesoerformngineyclenalysissingheTE RMA Pom pu t e rrog ram.ntsmodifiedtate,ERMAPs tand-alonexecutablefilewhich readsin thecontentsoftwoinpu tASCIItextfilesandcreatesasingleoutputASCIItextfile.h eMatlabroutineswithinthismoduleareresponsiblefo rcreatingtheTE RMA P inputfiles,nvokingTERMAPsastand-aloneoperat ingsystemexecutable,ndextracting datafrom theoutputfile.2.12.2ccessingThereisnospecificdriverfo rthismodule ,l thoughtheroutinescomprisingitrenormally sequentiallyaccessed.

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InputsThebasicinputstothismodulearea lwaysthesameandarepassedinasMatlabro wvectors.Theseectorsollectivelyefinenengineyclees ign,maximumengineimits,minimumenginelimits,noffdesignpoint,hedatatobeextractedromTERMAPduringondesigncycleanalysis,andthedatatobeextractedfromTERMAPduringoffdesigncycleanalysis.EngineCycleDesignTheenginecycledesignispassedintothemoduleastw oMatlabro w

vectors.OnevectorcontainsPICodes,whiletheothercontainsdatacorrespondingtoeachPICcode.Bothofthesevectorsareassumedtobeofthesamesize,andeachmusthave25 entriesorless.Thecycleparametersdefined by thesevectorshavetheneteffectofreplacingdataintheondesign sectionofthebaselineTERMAPinputfilesuppliedbytheuser.Asasimpleexample,supposethattheMatlabcommandsCYCLE.PIC 1249]andCYCLE_DAT 10000.5]av ebeenusedtodefinethecycleinputPICandcycle inputdatavectors,respectively.ThiswouldhavetheneteffectofreplacingtheondesignALTaltitude)pecificationinthebaselineTERMAPnputfilewith0000,ndtheondesignVEL(machnumber fo rthiscase)with0.5.All otherenginecycledesignparameterswouldbeusedasgiveninthebaselineTERMAPinputfile.

MaximumEngineLimitsThemaximumenginelimitsrepassedntothemoduleswo Matlabowvectors.n evectorcontainsPICcodes,whiletheothercontainsthemax-imumlimitsorrespondingtoeachPICode.Bothofthesevectorsressumedobeoftheameize,ndeachmusthave0entriesress.hemaximumimitparam-etersdefinedbyhesevectorshavehenetffectfintroducingdatanhendesignsectionofthebaselineTERMAPinputfilesuppliedbytheuser.Recallthatitisanex- plicitrequirementthatthebaselineTERMAPinputfilenotcontainanymaximumlimitspecificationswhatsoever.)s impleexample,upposehatheMatlabommandsMAX_PIC 80032151]ndM A X _ D A T 1500.2260]avebeenusedodefinethemaximumlimitinputPICandmaximumlimitinputdatavectors,respectively.ThiswouldhavetheneteffectofintroducingthenecessaryTERMAPconstraintvariables( E N G M A X andM A X L I M )inthebaselineTERMAPinputfiletorequireP(4)obelessthan1500,RMIX(l)obelessthan1.2,andT(4)obelessthan2260.

MinimumEngineLimitsTheminimumengineimitsrepassedntohemodulesw o Matlabro wvectors.OnevectorontainsPICcodes ,whiletheothercontainshemin-imumlimitsorrespondingtoeachPICode.Bothofthesevectorsreassumedtobeoftheameize,ndeachmusthave entriesress.heminimumimitparame-tersdefinedbyheseectorsavehenetffectfntroducingdatanheondesignsectionofthebaselineTERMAPinputfilesuppliedb ytheuser.Recallthatitisanex- plicitrequirementthatthebaselineTERMAPinputfilenotcontainanyminimumlimitspecificationswhatsoever.)s impleexample,upposehatheMatlabommandsMIN_PIC 1932]ndMIN_DAT 0.8]avebeenusedtoefinetheminimumlimitinputPICandminimumlimitinputdatavectors,respectively.ThiswouldhavetheneteffectofintroducingthenecessaryTERMAPonstraintvariablesENGMINandMINLIM)inthebaselineTERMAPinputfiletorequireRMIX(l)obegreaterthan0.8.

TERMAPOnDesignDataExtractionThedesiredondesigndataparameterstobeex- tractedfromTERMAParepassedintothemoduleasasingleMatlabrowvector.tmust

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have20entriesorless,andonlycontainsPICcodes.Asasimpleexample,supposethattheMatlabcommandONDES.OUT 76457]hasbeenusedtodefinethisvector.Thiswouldausehemodifiedvers ionofTERMAPowriteheondesignvaluesorFAIL andFNtotheondesignsectionoftheoutputfile.

TERMAPOffDesignDataExtractionThedesiredoffdesigndataparameterstobeex- tractedromTERMAPrepassedntohemodules ingleMatlabowector.tmusthave20entriesorless,andonlycontainsPICcodes.Asasimpleexample,supposethattheMatlabcommand0FFDES_0UT 76457]hasbeenusedtodefinethisvec-tor.ThiswouldcausethemodifiedversionofTERMAPtowritetheoff designvaluesforIFAILandFNtotheoff designsectionof theoutputfile.

OutputsTheresaingleoutputohismodule.ts singleMatlabvectorwhichlwaysontains40entries.Thefirst20aredatavaluesextractedfromTERMAPduringoff designevaluation,whilethesecond20aredata valuesextractedfromTERMAPduringondesignevaluation.heondesignaluesreactuallyreatedfirstwithinERMAP,utreocatednheatterhalfofthisoutputvectornonetheless.heTERMAPextractionvectorsdescribedintheprevioustw osectionsareusedfordeterminingthecorrespondencebetweendatavaluesandPICcodes.Refertothesourcecodefo rgoodexamplesonhowtheoverallI/Oisaccomplished.

Inthe eventofa physical TERMAPcrash,allnumerical dataintheoutputvectorwillbe settothenumberdefinedgloballyasE_TERMAP_CRASH.Theabilitytorecoverfromacrashisab-solutelycritical,particularlyfo rengineoptimizationruns:henumberofindividualTERMAPcallscouldeasilybeinthethousands.2.12.3lobalDataPre-DefinedThevariablesP_TERMAP_PATHandP_TERMAP_EXEarerequiredfo rprocessing.Refertothedatachapterforadescriptionof theseparameters.CreatedforProcessingThereisnoglobaldatacreatedfo rprocessing.2.12.4oduleDecompositionAcompletelistingofallunitswithintheTERMAPI/OmoduleisgiveninSection3.8.Theseunitsaresequentiallyaccessedinthefol lowingorder.1.TheunitCreate_Main_ InputiscalledtocopytheuserdefinedbaselineTERMAPinput

filetotheTERMAPI/Odirectory.ThenewfileisnamedINPUT_FILE_1.Note:hissonlyneededonce.

2.TheunitGen_Termap_VeciscalledtomaptheinputvectorsdescribedinSection2.12.2toasingle,70elementector. llunusedparametersaremappedtonullentries,withunusedPICcodesassignedavalueof-1ndunuseddataassignedavalueof0.

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3.heunitWrite_Termap_Infileiscalledto writethe170elementvectorto afilen a m edINPUT_FILE_2in theTERMAPI/Odirectory.4.heunitnvoke_TermapiscalledtoexecutethemodifiedversionofTERMAPth e

operat ing systemlevel.5.h eunitDid_Termap_Crashiscalledto determineif TERMAPcrashed.6.fa crash did notoccur,thenth eunitGet_Ter_0u t_40iscalledto readin thecontents ofth e newly createdTERMAPoutputfile,named0UTPUT_FILE,whichcontains 40elements.Furtherdetails encompass ing th e overallTERMAPinterfacewith external filesare notgiveninthisdocument..S.Governmentpersonnelm ayfindthisinformationonacorresponding DoD-LimitedCD-ROM.

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Chapter3UnitListing

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OverviewTheurposefthisectionsorovide ompleteistingfallourceodenitames comprising theIntegratedMulti-ObjectiveMulti-DisciplinaryJetEngineDesignOptimization Program. h euni tnamesare organizedbyth emodulesdescribedin theSDD.3.1 GeneticAlgorithmTheunitscomprising th egeneticalgorithm modulearegivenin Table3.1.

Table3.1:GeneticAlgorithm Units ExactName LongName-PurposeArith_Crossover ArithmeticCrossover oreatew ohilddesigns

fromtw oparentdesignsbyperformingalinearinter-polationbetweenthem.Boundary_Mutation BoundaryMutation-Torandomlychangeoneoftheparametersofadesignoeitherheupperorowerbound.

Delta Delta-Toreturntheamountofchangefo radesignvariable.

Genetic_Algorithm GeneticAlgorithm- operformunctionoptimiza-tionusinggeneticalgorithms.

Heuristic_Crossover HeuristicCrossover-To createtw ochilddesignsfromtw oparentdesignsbyextrapolatinginthedirectionofthebetterparent.

Initialize Initialize-Tocreateaninitialpopulationofdesignsforusewithageneticalgorithmoptimizer.Multi_Nonunif.Mutation Multi-ParameterNonuniformMutation- ohange

alloftheparametersfadesignbasedn non-uniformprobabilitydistribution.

NonunifMutation NonuniformMutation-Tochangeoneoftheparam-etersofadesignbasedonanon-uniformprobabilitydistribution.

Norm_Geom_Se lec t NormalizedGeometricDistributionSelection-Tose -lectes ignsfromanoldpopulationtoarryovertoanewpopulationbasedonthenormalizedgeometricdistribution.

Rand_Choose RandomChoose oandomlyhooseneftw o parameters.

Rand_Choose_Idx RandomChoose Index-To randomlychoose an indexintoavector.

Simple_Crossover SimpleCrossover-Twocreatetw ochilddesignsfromtw oparentdesignsbyswappingthedesignvariablesbeforeandafterarandomlychosenposition.

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GeneticAlgorithm Units-continued ExactName LongName-PurposeUnif.Mutation UniformMutation-Tochangeoneoftheparameters

ofadesignbasedonauniformprobabilitydistribu-tion.

3.2 GraphicalUserInterfaceTheuni tscompris ingthegraphicaluserinterfacemodulearegivenin th eTable3.2.

Table3.2:GraphicalUserInterfaceUnitsExactName LongName-PurposeA dd_To_Messages Add oMessages-oaddanoperatormessagefor

display.Ch e ck_For.Errors CheckorErrors oheckuserdataorpossibleerrors.

Clear_Menu ClearMenu-TocleardatawithinaGUIm e n u .Disp_PIC_Str DisplayPICString- odisplayheparamterindexcode/TERMAPvariablenamecorrelation.Display_Menu DisplayMenu-TodisplayandactivateaGUImenu.Di splay.Output DisplayOutput oisplayutputextnhe

screen.Edit.Element EditElement-Toeditadataelement.Execute_Prog ExecuteProgram-To executeaprogramcorrespond-

ingtothedisplayedm e n u .Exit_Program ExitProgram-Toexittheprogram.File_For_Open FileForOpen-To obtainthefilenameandpathname

ofauserselectedfile.File_For_Save FileForSave-Toobtainthefilenameandpathname

forauserdefinedfile.Finish_UI_Data FinishUserInterfaceData-Tosetglobaldataindi-

catinganupdateoheglobaldatastructurese-quired.

Gen_Status_Str GenerateStatusString-ogenerateacellarrayofstringswhichrepresentshedataelementtatusoraparticularmenu.

Get_AC_Sizing GetAircraft izingParameters ogetheizingconfigurationofascaleableaircraftfromtheuser.

Get_Inst_Loss GetInstallationLossModel-Togettheinstallationlossmodelconfigurationfromtheuser.Get_Kriging GetKrigingUsage oetnoverallseordon'tuse .

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GraphicalUserInterfaceUnits continuedExactName LongName-PurposeGet_Miss_Profile GetMissionProfile-To getamissionprofile fromthe

user.Get_0bj_W0_Miss GetObjectivesWithoutMission oget designobjectiveconfigurationwithoutmissionfromtheuser.

Get_PIC_Data_Pairs GetPICDataPairs-Togetparameterindexcode/datapairsfromtheuser.

Get_PIC_Data_Table GetPICDataTable oget ableofparameterindexcodesanddatafromtheuser.

Get_PIC_Values GetPICValues oget istfparameterndexcodesfromtheuser.

Get_Standard_Data GetStandardData-Togetdatafromtheuser.Invoke_Text_Edit InvokeTextEditor-Toinvokeatexteditortoal low

theusertoedittextfiles.Leg_Num_Callback LegNumberCallback oetmissiondataorre-spondingtoale gnumber.

Leg_Type_Callback LegTypeCallback-Tose tmissiondatacorrespond-ingtoale gtype.

Load_Data_2 LoadData2-Totransferdata previously loadedfroma*.matilentoheprogram'surrentmenutruc-ture.

Load_GUI_Data LoadGUIData-ToloadGUIdatafromafile.Mat_File_Load MatFileLoad oelectheilenameoroading

desireddataelementsfroma*.matfile.Mat_File_Save MatFileSave-Toselectthefilenamefo rsavingde -sireddataelementstoa*.matfile.Reset.Element ResetElement-Toreseta dataelementtoitsdefault

configuration.Rtn_To_Main_Menu ReturnToMainMenu oeturnheGUIohe

mainm e n u .Save_Data SaveData-Tosavedesireddataelementstoa*.mat

file.Save_GUI_Data SaveGUIData- osaveGUIdatafo r particular

menu.Sel_Data_Load SelectDataLoad-Toallow theuser toselectexisting

dataelementsfromadatafile.Sel_Data_Save SelectDataSave-Togetelecteddataelementsfo rfilesavefromtheuser.

Set_Data_Vals SetDataVals-Todisplaythedataandvaluescorre-spondingtoaparticularle gtypeselection.

Size_Type_Callback SizeTypeCallback- odisplaythedataandvaluescorrespondingtoaparticularA/C sizingtypes cheme .

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GraphicalUserInterfaceUnits-continuedExactName LongName-PurposeUpdate _ L e g _ D a t a UpdateLeg Data-Toupdatethemissionprofile after

userediting.

3.3 InitializationTheuni tscomprising th einitializationmoduleare givenin th eTable3.3.

Table3.3:nitial izationUnitListingExactName LongName-PurposeGen_PIC_Str_Di splay GeneratePICtringsorDisplay oreatehe

stringsrelatingparameterindexcodesoTERMAPvariablenames.Init_Data_Struct InitializeDataStructure-To initialize theglobaldataelementstructure.

Init_Errors InitializeErrors- onitializeheerrorswhichanbecapturedwithintheGUIpriortointeractionwithothermodules.

Init_Graphics InitializeGraphics-Toinitializegraphicsdata.Init_Kriging_Data InitializeKrigingData-onitializeonstantsnd

krigingmodelparameters.Init_Leg_Mapping InitializeLegMapping-Toinitializetherelationship

betweeneachmissionle gtypeanditsrequiredinputdata.Init_Leg_Strings InitializeLegStrings-Toinitializethestringsasso-ciatedwiththenameofeachle gtype.

Init_Leg_Types InitializeLegTypes-Toinitializemissionle gtypes.Init_Loss_Types InitializeossTypes onitializehenstallation

losstypes.Init.Messages InitializeMessages onitializeheuser-messages

whichcanbedi

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