Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26...
Transcript of Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26...
![Page 1: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Jessie J. Green
Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society
26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas
![Page 2: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Clean Water Act of 1972 • “fishable/swimmable”
Provide basis for development, review
and adoption of water quality standards
Define chemical, physical, and biological
parameters of least-impaired streams
![Page 3: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives • Ecoregions
• Site selection
• Range of watershed sizes
• Critical survey periods
![Page 4: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Objectives • Ecoregions
Ozark Highlands
Boston Mountains
Arkansas River Valley
Ouachita Mountains
Gulf Coastal Plains • Typical
• Spring Influenced
Delta • Least Disturbed
• Channel Altered
![Page 5: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Objectives
• Site selection
36 Sites
Most
representative
of ecoregion
Least
disturbed
![Page 6: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Objectives
• Range of
watershed sizes
20-50 mi2
100-200 mi2
300-500 mi2
![Page 7: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Objectives
• Critical survey periods
Late Summer
Temp
Dissolved Oxygen
Freshwater Illustrated
![Page 8: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chemical
Physical
Biological
- Q, cfs
- Temperature, °C
- pH
- Turbidity, ntu
- TSS, mg/L
- TDS, mg/L
- BOD-5, mg/L
- BOD-20, mg/L
- Nitrates
- Total Phosphorus,
mg/L
- PO4-P, mg/L
- NO2+NO3-N, mg/L
- NH3-N, mg/L
- Cl -, mg/L
- SO4 =, mg/L
- Fe, mg/L
- Conductivity,
µmho
- Alkalinity, mg/L
- Chlorophyll a,
µg/L
- Fecal Coliform
- Dissolved
Oxygen
- Drainage area
- Watershed land
use
- Stream Gradient
- Mean Channel
Width
- Mean Stream Width
- Mean Stream velocity
- Observed Flow
- Average Substrate
Type
- Mean Instream Cover
- Riffle/Pool ratio of
Transects
- Mean Bank
Overstory Cover
- Mean Bank Ground
Cover
- Fish
- Mean Bank
Stability
- Mean Stream
Canopy
- Macroinvertebrates
![Page 9: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1983-1985: Original Survey (36)
1993-1994: Ozark Highlands Revisit (3)
1998: Boston Mountains Revisit (1) 2003: Gulf Coastal Plains
Revisit (8)
2004: Ouachita Mountains Revisit (6)
2005: Arkansas River
Valley Revisit (3)
2009: Boston Mountains Revisit (5)
2014
![Page 10: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
25 of 36
![Page 11: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ambient
and roving
water
quality
monitoring
stations
![Page 12: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Land-use Land-cover
Fish community structure index • Ecoregion
• Site specific
![Page 13: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1986
1992
1999
2006
Categories • Forest
• Agriculture and pasture
• Urban
![Page 14: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
% Sensitive
% Cyprinidae
% Ictaluridae
% Centrarchidae
% Percidae
% Primary Feeders
% Key Individuals
Diversity
![Page 16: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ouachita Mountains
Gulf Coastal Plains
Boston Mountains
Arkansas River Valley
Ozark Highlands
![Page 17: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ouachita Mountains • Board Camp Creek • Caddo River • Cossatot River • Little Missouri River • Saline River • South Fork Ouachita River
Gulf Coastal Plains Boston Mountains Arkansas River Valley Ozark Highlands
![Page 18: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2004
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2004
Mostly Similar
Generally
Similar
Somewhat
Similar
Not Similar
![Page 19: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20
% P
erc
ida
e
% Urban
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 5 10 15 20
% K
ey
In
div
idu
als
% Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2004
Forest
Ag
Urban
rho = -0.57, p = 0.01
rho = 0.50, p = 0.10
![Page 20: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Impaired - Not Supporting Fisheries Designated Use • Caddo River Cause: Silt - Source: Resource extraction
• Saline River Cause: Turbidity, TDS - Source: Surface erosion, Unknown
Impaired – Supporting Fisheries Designated
Use • Little Missouri River Cause: Copper - Source: Unknown
![Page 21: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983 2004
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983 2004
Cyprinidae
Catostomidae
Ictaluridae
Atherinopsidae
Fundulidae
Centrarchidae
Percidae
Mostly Similar
Somewhat Similar
![Page 22: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ouachita Mountains Gulf Coastal Plains
• Big Creek • Cypress Creek • Derrieuseaux Creek • East Fork Tulip Creek • Freeo Creek • Hudgens Creek • L’Aigle Creek • Moro Creek
Boston Mountains Arkansas River Valley Ozark Highlands
![Page 23: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2003
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2003
Mostly Similar
Generally
Similar
Somewhat
Similar
Not Similar
![Page 24: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2 4 6
Bio
crit
eria
Sc
ore
% Urban
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% K
ey
In
div
idu
als
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 2 4 6
Sp
ec
ies
Ric
hn
es
s
% Urban
rho = -0.58, p = 0.03
rho = -0.50, p = 0.04 rho = -0.58, p = 0.05
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2003
Forest
Ag
Urban
![Page 25: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Impaired - Not Supporting Fisheries
Designated Use • Big Creek
Cause: Turbidity - Source: Surface Erosion
0
20
40
60
80
100Turbidity (NTU)
1990 2000 2010
Typical GCP
All Flows
Standard
1985 Average
![Page 26: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1985 2003
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1985 2003
Anguillidae
Cyprinidae
Catostomidae
Ictaluridae
Esocidae
Aphredoderidae
Fundulidae
Poeciliidae
Centrarchidae
Percidae
Elassomatidae
Mostly Similar
Generally Similar
![Page 27: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ouachita Mountains Gulf Coastal Plains
Boston Mountains • Hurricane Creek
• Illinois Bayou
• Indian Creek
• Lee Creek
• Mulberry River Arkansas River Valley Ozark Highlands
![Page 28: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 1999,2009
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 1999,2009
Mostly Similar
Generally
Similar
Somewhat
Similar
Not Similar
![Page 29: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1985 2009
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1985 2009
Lepisosteidae
Cyprinidae
Catostomidae
Ictaluridae
Atherinopsidae
Fundulidae
Centrarchidae
Percidae
Sciaenidae
Mostly Similar
Somewhat Similar
![Page 30: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
pH
1990 2000 2010
1985 Average
![Page 31: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ouachita Mountains
Gulf Coastal Plains
Boston Mountains
Arkansas River Valley
• North Fork Cadron Creek
• Mill Creek
• Petit Jean River
Ozark Highlands
![Page 32: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2005
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 2005
Mostly Similar
Generally
Similar
Somewhat
Similar
Not Similar
![Page 33: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Impaired - Not Supporting Fisheries
Designated Use • Petit Jean River
Cause: Turbidity - Source: Sediment Erosion
![Page 34: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ouachita Mountains
Gulf Coastal Plains
Boston Mountains
Arkansas River Valley
Ozark Highlands
• Flint Creek
• Kings River
• Yocum Creek
![Page 35: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 1993-1994
Forest
Ag
Urban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1983-1985 1993-1994
Mostly Similar
Generally
Similar
Somewhat
Similar
Not Similar
![Page 36: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Impaired – Supporting Fisheries
Designated Use • Kings River
Cause: TDS - Source: Unknown
![Page 37: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1983-1985: Original Survey (36)
2013: Ozark
Highland
2014: Boston Mountains
2016: Ouachita Mountains
Arkansas River Valley
![Page 38: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Need more data Standardize methods
• 1983-1985: rotenone, mini-fyke nets,
electrofishing
• Present: electrofishing
![Page 39: Jessie J. Green · 26/02/2014 · Jessie J. Green Arkansas Chapter American Fisheries Society 26 February 2014 – Rogers, Arkansas Clean Water Act of 1972](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070922/5fba3189b4fa8158335fbecb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)