Jessica Young Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences Western State College of Colorado...
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Transcript of Jessica Young Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences Western State College of Colorado...
Jessica YoungJessica Young
Department of Natural and Environmental SciencesDepartment of Natural and Environmental Sciences
Western State College of ColoradoWestern State College of Colorado
Gunnison, Colorado 81231Gunnison, Colorado 81231
Animal BehaviorAnimal Behavior
IntroductionIntroduction► Animal behavior, or Animal behavior, or
Ethology, is a key Ethology, is a key component to the component to the management and management and conservation of species.conservation of species.
► The study of animal The study of animal behavior is critical for behavior is critical for elucidating consequences to elucidating consequences to species of anthropomorphic species of anthropomorphic changes to habitats.changes to habitats.
Learned Versus Innate BehaviorsLearned Versus Innate Behaviors
► Learned behaviors are Learned behaviors are those that are modified by those that are modified by experienceexperience
► Innate behaviors are those Innate behaviors are those that occur despite that occur despite experience or experience or environment.environment.
Ibex ReintroductionsIbex Reintroductions
►Innate behaviors may Innate behaviors may influence the success influence the success of population of population translocations and translocations and reintroductionsreintroductions
Animal PerceptionsAnimal Perceptions
►Umwelt is a termed coined by J. von Uexkall to Umwelt is a termed coined by J. von Uexkall to describe how an animal senses their describe how an animal senses their environment. environment.
►Our preconceived ideas based on how Homo Our preconceived ideas based on how Homo sapiens perceive their environment through their sapiens perceive their environment through their senses may cause a lack of success with senses may cause a lack of success with management actions and conservation measures. management actions and conservation measures.
Sensory PerceptionSensory Perception
► HearingHearing► VisionVision► OlfactionOlfaction► TasteTaste► TactileTactile► Barometric PressureBarometric Pressure► Magnetic FieldsMagnetic Fields
HearingHearing
►HearingHearing ReceptorsReceptors Communication Communication Effects of Effects of
anthropomorphic anthropomorphic noisenoise
VisionVision
►VisionVision ReceptorsReceptors Communication Communication PhototaxisPhototaxis Photo-pollutionPhoto-pollution
Olfaction and TasteOlfaction and TasteOlfactionOlfaction
ReceptorsReceptors AllomonesAllomones PheremonesPheremones
TasteTaste ReceptorsReceptors Conditioned taste aversionConditioned taste aversion CommunicationCommunication Vomeronasal organVomeronasal organ
Vomeronasal organ in elkVomeronasal organ in elk
TactileTactile
ReceptorsReceptors Communication Communication
Species may shift their sensory perception of the Species may shift their sensory perception of the environment based on their age, time of day, or environment based on their age, time of day, or season. season.
Examples ticks, black bearsExamples ticks, black bears
Forming Hypotheses About the Forming Hypotheses About the Influence of Animal BehaviorInfluence of Animal Behavior
on Wildlife Management on Wildlife Management
► Ultimate HypothesesUltimate Hypotheses Those involving evolution and Those involving evolution and
developmentdevelopment► Proximate HypothesesProximate Hypotheses
Those involving function and Those involving function and causationcausation
Methods for Testing HypothesesMethods for Testing Hypotheses
►ObservationsObservations►Field JournalsField Journals►Behavioral samplingBehavioral sampling►Measuring behaviorsMeasuring behaviors
Direct Versus Indirect Direct Versus Indirect ObservationsObservations
►Direct (observing and recording the actual behaviors)Direct (observing and recording the actual behaviors)
►Indirect (tracks, markings, feces, hair, etc.)Indirect (tracks, markings, feces, hair, etc.)
Types of Direct SamplingTypes of Direct Sampling
►Ad LibitumAd Libitum►Focal-AnimalFocal-Animal►ScanScan
Types of MeasurementsTypes of Measurements
►Time budgetsTime budgets►FrequenciesFrequencies►DurationDuration►LatencyLatency►IntensityIntensity►BoutsBouts
New Tools and ConceptsNew Tools and Concepts
► SoftwareSoftware► Activity Sensors and Activity Sensors and
GPSGPS► RoboticsRobotics► Sound ArraysSound Arrays► High tech camerasHigh tech cameras
Managing Human BehaviorManaging Human Behavior► Wildlife viewingWildlife viewing► Recreation conflictsRecreation conflicts► Habitat fragmentationHabitat fragmentation► Habitat lossHabitat loss
Using Our Understanding of Using Our Understanding of Animal Behavior to Manage and Animal Behavior to Manage and
Recover SpeciesRecover Species
SummarySummary► Animal behavior is a key component of wildlife management Animal behavior is a key component of wildlife management
and conservation of species.and conservation of species.
► It is important to understand how species senses and It is important to understand how species senses and perceptions influence their behavioral actions.perceptions influence their behavioral actions.
► Formal hypotheses testing is an important process to Formal hypotheses testing is an important process to understanding the role of animal behavior in managing and understanding the role of animal behavior in managing and recovering species.recovering species.
► New methods and technologies are providing unprecedented New methods and technologies are providing unprecedented information about species behaviors.information about species behaviors.
► Species use of their habitats as well as foraging and mating Species use of their habitats as well as foraging and mating needs can best be understood through the study of animal needs can best be understood through the study of animal behavior.behavior.